muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarدُرُوسٌ دَرْسٌ مُدَارَسَةٌ
Core sense — it became effaced; he read, or studied, a book; he trained a she-camelgenerated
1.1it became effaced, erased, or obliterated—اندرس
. Said of a trace or mark, of what is termed رَسْمٌ, of a house, or of a thing.
It is said of what is termed رسم; or, of the trace of a house — what remains clinging to the ground to mark where a house stood — it became covered with sand and dust blown over it by the wind.
Or, said of an abode or place of sojourning: it became effaced and its traces or remains were hidden.
دَرُسَ means the same as دَرَسَ in the first sense above, but more intensively.
1.1.1
[Hence دَارَسَتِ الآيَاتُ, as explained near the end of this entry.]
1.1.2figurative · مجازthe garment, or piece of cloth, became old and worn out—دَرَسَ الثَّوْبِ
.
1.1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredthe writing, or book, became old—دَرَسَ الكِتَابُ
1.1.4figurative · مجازshe menstruated—دَرَسَتْ
Said of a woman, or, according to Lh, of a girl.
maṣdars دُرُوسٌ and دَرْسٌ.
1.2the wind, or winds, effaced or obliterated it by passing over it again and again—دَرَسَتْهُ الرِّيحُ
Also الرِّيَاحُ.
Said of a trace or mark [of a house etc.], or of what is termed رَسْمٌ; and, of a house or a thing, he razed it.
the people effaced, erased, or obliterated it—دَرَسَهُ القَوْمُ
1.2.1figurative · مجازhe made the garment, or piece of cloth, old and worn out—دَرَسَ الثَّوْبَ
.
1.2.2figurative · مجازhe trod out, or thrashed, the wheat and the like—دَرَسَ الطَّعَامَ
Also الحِنْطَةَ وَنَحْوَهَا; maṣdars دَرْسٌ and دِرَاسٌ.
[Because the one who does this passes over it repeatedly.] Of the dialect of El-Yemen; or دِرَاسٌ in this sense is of the dialect of Syria.
1.2.3figurative · مجازhe had sexual intercourse with the woman, or the girl—دَرَسَ المَرْأَةَ
Also الجَارِيَةَ.
1.2.4figurative · مجازhe broke in, or trained, the she-camel—دَرَسَ النَّاقَةَ
.
Apparently دَارَسَهَا has this meaning too, since the primary meaning of مُدَارَسَةٌ is said to be the breaking in, training, or disciplining of a beast, and returning time after time to a thing.
a camel that has not been ridden—بَعِيرٌ لَمْ يُدْرَسُ
1.2.5figurative · مجازhe read the book—دَرَسَ الكِتَابَ
Hence, [or from دَرَسَتْهُ الرِّيحُ, or from دَرَسَ الثَّوْبَ]; maṣdars دَرْسٌ, دِرَاسَةٌ, دَرَاسَةٌ and دِرَاسٌ.
As though he kept at it until it became easy for him to remember; or he read it repeatedly [or studied it] in order to remember it; or he made it easy to remember by much reading; or he read and learned it.
دَارَسَهُ, maṣdars مُدَارَسَةٌ and دِرَاسٌ, means the same; and so do دَرَسَّهُ and أَدْرَسَهُ, or the first of these two is intensive. The second is mentioned by IJ; but according to the M, IJ says that both of them take two objects and have a different meaning, which is also given in the A for the first of them: see form 2.
دَارَسَتْ الكُتُبَ and تَدَارَسْتُهَا and اِدَّارَسْتُهَا mean the same as دَرَسْتُهَا [I read the books, or read them repeatedly, etc.].
تَدَارَسَ القُرْآنَ means: he read the Qur'ān and returned to it time after time so as not to forget it.
I read science—دَرَسْتُ العِلْمَ
maṣdars دَرْسٌ and دِرَاسَةٌ.
In the Qur'ān 6:105, according to different readings, وَلِيَقُولُوا دَرَسْتَ and دَارَسْتَ [And so that they may say, You have read, etc.]. Some say the first means: you have read the books of the people of the Scriptures; and the second: you have consulted, or conferred, with them, explained by ذَاكَرْتُهُمْ.
Or the first means: you have learned (Abu-l-'Abbás); and the second: you have read, or studied, under the Jews as your teachers, and they have read, or studied, under you as their teacher (I'Ab, Mujáhid).
Another reading is دَارَسَ, that is, دَارَسَ النَّبِىُّ اليَهُودَ [the Prophet has read, or studied, with the Jews]; and another is دَارَسَتْ, which may be taken in two ways: the Jews have read, or studied, or conferred, with Mohammad; or the signs have vied in age with those of other scriptures, so that most of them have become obliterated.
Another reading is دَرَسَتْ, and another دَرُسَتْ, both meaning: they (these stories, or histories) have become obliterated, or they are things that passed long ago (Abu-l-'Abbás). The second of the two verbs is more intensive, and it is also said to mean: they have been dissipated.
he read, or studied, under him as his teacher—دَرَسَ عَلَيْهِ
Like قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ.
Lane cites “Bd in vi. 105” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
3:79
مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُؤْتِيَهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحُكْمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُوا۟ عِبَادًا لِّى مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَـٰكِن كُونُوا۟ رَبَّـٰنِيِّـۧنَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَIt is not (possible) that a man, to whom is given the Book, and Wisdom, and the prophetic office, should say to people: "Be ye my worshippers rather than Allah's": on the contrary (He would say) "Be ye worshippers of Him Who is truly the Cherisher of all: For ye have taught the Book and ye have studied it earnestly."
6:105
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ وَلِيَقُولُوا۟ دَرَسْتَ وَلِنُبَيِّنَهُۥ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَThus do we explain the signs by various (symbols): that they may say, "Thou hast taught (us) diligently," and that We may make the matter clear to those who know.
7:169
فَخَلَفَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ وَرِثُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ يَأْخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَـٰذَا ٱلْأَدْنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغْفَرُ لَنَا وَإِن يَأْتِهِمْ عَرَضٌ مِّثْلُهُۥ يَأْخُذُوهُ ۚ أَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِم مِّيثَـٰقُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلْحَقَّ وَدَرَسُوا۟ مَا فِيهِ ۗ وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ ۗ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَAfter them succeeded an (evil) generation: They inherited the Book, but they chose (for themselves) the vanities of this world, saying (for excuse): "(Everything) will be forgiven us." (Even so), if similar vanities came their way, they would (again) seize them. Was not the covenant of the Book taken from them, that they would not ascribe to Allah anything but the truth? and they study what is in the Book. But best for the righteous is the home in the Hereafter. Will ye not understand?
34:44
وَمَآ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُم مِّن كُتُبٍ يَدْرُسُونَهَا ۖ وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ قَبْلَكَ مِن نَّذِيرٍBut We had not given them Books which they could study, nor sent messengers to them before thee as Warners.
68:37
أَمْ لَكُمْ كِتَـٰبٌ فِيهِ تَدْرُسُونَOr have ye a book through which ye learn-
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, aor. دَرُسَ , inf. n. دُرُوسٌ , It (a trace, or mark, or what is termed رَسْمٌ , S, A, K, and a house, A, or a thing, M) became effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated; (S, M, A, K;) as also اندرس , (K, TA,) said of what is termed رسم : (TA:) or it (the trace, or mark, of a house; or what remained, cleaving to the ground, marking the place of a house;) became covered with sand and dust blown over it by the wind: (TA in art. دثر :) or it (an abode, or a place of sojourning,) became effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, and its traces, or remains, became concealed, or unseen: (Msb:) and دَرُسَ signifies the same as دَرَسَ in the first of the senses explained above, but in an intensive manner. (M.) [Hence دَارَسَتِ الآيَاتُ as explained near the end of this paragraph.] Hence, also, (AHeyth,) دَرَسَ الثَّوْبِ , (AHeyth, S, A, K,) inf. n. دَرْسٌ , (S, TA,) The garment, or piece of cloth, became old and worn out. (AHeyth, S, A, K.) And دَرَسَ الكِتَابُ The writing, or book, became old. (Msb.) [Hence, also,] دَرَسَتْ , (S, M, A, K,) aor. دَرُسَ , (M,) inf. n. دُرُوسٌ (S, M, K) and دَرْسٌ , (M, K,) She (a woman, S, M, A, K, or, accord. to Lh, a girl, M) menstruated. (S, M, A, K.) دَرَسَتْهُ الرِّيحُ , (S, M, K,) or الرِّيَاحُ , (A,) [aor. دَرُسَ ,] inf. n. دَرْسٌ , (A, TA,) The wind, (S, M, K,) or winds, (A,) effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, it, (S, M, A, K,) by repeatedly passing over it; (A;) namely, a trace, or mark, [of a house &c.,] or what is termed رَسْمٌ ; (S, K;) and [erased, or rased,] a house; (A;) or a thing: (M:) and دَرَسَهُ القَوْمُ The people effaced, erased, rased, or obliterated, it. (M.) Hence, (AHeyth,) دَرَسَ الثَّوْبَ , (AHeyth, K,) aor. دَرُسَ , inf. n. دَرْسٌ , (TA,) He rendered the garment, or piece of cloth, old and worn-out. (AHeyth, K.) دَرَسَ الطَّعَامَ , (M,) or الحِنْطَةَ , (S, A, Msb, K,) وَنَحْوَهَا , (Msb,) aor. دَرُسَ , (TA,) inf. n. دَرْسٌ (M, K) and دِرَاسٌ , (S, A, Msb, K,) He trod, or thrashed, the wheat, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and the like: (Msb:) [because he who does so passes repeatedly over it:] of the dial. of El-Yemen: (M, TA:) or دِرَاسٌ in the sense here indicated is of the dial. of Syria. (TA.) دَرَسَ المَرْأَةَ , (A,) or الجَارِيَةَ , (K,) He compressed the woman, (A,) or the girl. (K.) دَرَسَ النَّاقَةَ , (M, A,) aor. دَرُسَ , inf. n. دَرْسٌ , (M,) He broke, or trained, the she-camel: (M, A:) [and so, app., دَارَسَهَا ; for it is said that] the primary signification of مُدَارَسَةٌ is the breaking, or training, or disciplining, [a beast;] and returning time after time ( تَعَهُّدٌ ) to a thing. (TA.) You say also, بَعِيرٌ لَمْ يُدْرَسُ , meaning A camel that has not been ridden. (S, TA.) Hence, (M,) [or from دَرَسَتْهُ الرِّيحُ , or from دَرَسَ الثَّوْبَ ,] دَرَسَ الكِتَابَ , (S, M, A, K,) aor. دَرِسَ (M, K) and دَرِسَ , (K,) inf. n. دَرْسٌ and دِرَاسَةٌ (S, M, K) and دَرَاسَةٌ and دِرَاسٌ , (TA,) He read the book; (M, K;) as though he opposed it until it became easy for him to remember it: (M:) or he read it repeatedly, [or studied it,] in order to remember it: (A:) or he made it easy to remember, by much reading: (TA:) or he read and learned it: (Bd in vi. 105:) and دَارَسَهُ , inf. n. مُدَارَسَةٌ and دِرَاسٌ , signifies the same: (M:) and so دَرَسَّهُ , and أَدْرَسَهُ : (K:) or the former of the last two has an intensive signification: the latter of them is mentioned by IJ: (TA:) [but accord. to the M, it is said by IJ that both of these are doubly trans., and have a different signification, which is also indicated in the A as that of the former of them: see 2:] دَارَسَتْ الكُتُبَ , and تَدَارَسْتُهَا , and اِدَّارَسْتُهَا , signify the same as دَرَسْتُهَا [I read the books, or read them repeatedly, &c.]: (S, TA:) and تَدَارَسَ القُرْآنَ signifies He read the Kur-án, and returned to it time after time, in order that he might not forget it. (TA.) You say also, دَرَسْتُ العِلْمَ , aor. دَرُسَ , inf. n. دَرْسٌ and دِرَاسَةٌ , I read science. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [vi. 105], accord. to different reading, وَلِيَقُولُوا دَرَسْتَ , and دَارَسْتَ , [And to the end that they may say, Thou hast read, &c.:] but some say that the former means Thou hast read the books of the people of the Scriptures: and the latter, Thou hast consulted, or conferred, with them; expl. by ذَاكَرْتُهُمْ : (M:) or the former means Thou hast learned: (Abu-l-'Abbás:) and the latter, Thou hast read, or studied, under the Jews as thy teachers, and they have read, or studied, under thee as their teacher: (I'Ab, Mujáhid, K:) and another reading is دَارَسَ ; i. e. دَارَسَ النَّبِىُّ اليَهُودَ [he prophet hath read, or studied, with the Jews] : and another, دَارَسَتْ , which may be rendered in two ways: The Jews have read, or studied, or consulted, or conferred, with ( دَارَسَتْ ) Mohammad: and The signs ( آيَات ) have vied in length of time [or antiquity] with those of other scriptures so that every one of them has for the most part become obliterated: (TA:) and another reading is دَرَسَتْ ; and another, دَرُسَتْ ; both meaning, They (these stories, or histories,) have become obliterated: (M:) or they are things which have long since passed: (Abu-l-' Abbás:) but the latter of these two verbs has a more intensive signification: and it is also said to signify They have been dissipated. (M.) [You also say, دَرَسَ عَلَيْهِ He read, or studied, under him as his teacher; like قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ .]