دخن

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Form 1دَخَنَتِ النَّارُ7 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarدَخْنٌ دُخُونٌ دَخَنٌ دُخْنَةٌ

Core sense — the fire smoked; food became tainted with smoke; his nature became corruptgenerated

1.1

The دُخَان of the fire rose; [i. e. the fire smoked, or sent up smoke].

Also اِدَّخَنَت, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَت, and أَدْخَنَت and دَخَّنَت, the last with teshdīd, mentioned by Z.

1.1.1figurative · مجازthe smoke, and the dust, rose, or spread—دَخَنَ الدُّخَانُ

Also الغُبَارُ and النَّقْعُ.

1.1.2the smoke of the fire became violent, or was stirred up—دَخِنَتِ النَّارُ

With kesr to the خ.

The smoke became violent because firewood in a fresh, or green, state was thrown on the fire and so marred it.

1.1.3it became infected with smoke while being roasted or cooked—دَخِنَ

. Said of food, and of flesh-meat.

It acquired the odour of the smoke, so that this predominated over its flavour.

In this sense it is said of cooked food when the cooking-pot is infected with smoke.

1.1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

Hence, as is indicated in the TA, said of wine, or beverage: it became altered for the worse in odour.

1.1.5figurative · مجازthe plant became of a dusky, or dingy, colour inclining to black—دَخِنَ النَّبْتُ

the beast became of that colour—دَخِنَتِ الدَّابَّةُ

[Hence also,] it was, or became, of a dusky, or dingy, colour inclining to black, like the colour of iron.

As though overspread with smoke.

Also دَخُنَ.

1.1.6figurative · مجازhis nature, or disposition, became bad, corrupt, or wicked—دَخِنَ خُلُقُهُ

[See also دَخَنٌ below.]

Show Lane's original text

, aor. دَخَنَ and دَخُنَ , (S, K,) inf. n. دَخْنٌ and دُخُونٌ , (K,) The دُخَان of the fire rose; [i. e. the fire smoked, or sent up smoke;] as also اِدَّخَنَت , (S, K,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَت ; (S;) and أَدْخَنَت , and دَخَّنَت ; (K;) the last with teshdeed, mentioned by Z. (TA.) And دَخَنَ الدُّخَانُ , (JK,) and الغُبَارُ (K) and النَّقْعُ , (TA,) inf. n. دُخُونٌ , (K) The smoke, (JK,) and the dust, (K, TA,) rose; or spread, or diffused itself. (JK, K, TA.) And دَخِنَتِ النَّارُ , (JK, S, Msb, K,) with kesr to the خ , (S, Msb, K,) aor. دَخَنَ , (JK, Msb, K,) inf. n. دَخَنٌ , (Msb,) The smoke ( دُخَان ) of the fire (JK, S, Msb, K) became vehement, (JK,) or became excited, or raised, (S, Msb, K,) in consequence of its having firewood, (JK, S, Msb, K,) in a fresh, or green, state, (JK,) thrown upon it, (JK, S, Msb, K,) and being thus marred. (S, Msb, K.) دَخِنَ , aor. دَخَنَ , said of food, (JK, K,) and of flesh-meat, (TA,) inf. n. دَخَنٌ , (JK,) means It was, or became, infected with smoke ( دُخَان ), (K, TA,) while being roasted or cooked, (TA,) and acquired its odour, (K, TA,) so that this predominated over its flavour: (TA:) [in this sense] it is said of cooked food when the cooking-pot is infected with smoke ( إِذَا تَدَخَّنَتِ القِدْرُ ). (S, TA.) [Hence, as is indicated in the TA, it is said of wine, or beverage, as meaning It became altered for the worse in odour. (See دَخِنٌ .) Hence also,] It was, or became, of a dusky, or dingy, colour, inclining to black, (K, TA,) like the colour of iron: (TA:) you say دَخِنَ النَّبْتُ , and دَخِنَتِ الدَّابَّةُ , The plant, and the beast, became of that colour; (K, TA;) as though overspread with smoke ( دُخَان ); (TA;) as also دَخُنَ , aor. دَخُنَ , inf. n. دُخْنَةٌ . (K.) [Hence also,] دَخِنَ خُلُقُهُ His nature, or disposition, was, or became, bad, corrupt, or wicked. (K, TA. [See also دَخَنٌ , below.])

Form 2دَخَّنَ2 senses

Core sense — he smoked it, he fumigated itgenerated

2.1

See form 1, first sentence.

2.2[he smoked it, or made it smoky]—دخّنهُ

Said of flesh-meat; in art. شيط.

[he fumigated it, or him, with what is termed دُخْنَة q. v.]—دخّنهُ بِالدُّخْنَةِ

Said of a house, tent, or chamber, of a garment, and of another man.

[they smoked a party of men in a cave and so killed them]—دَخَّنُوا عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِى غَارٍ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ

Show Lane's original text

see 1, first sentence. دخّنهُ [He smoked it, or made it smoky]; namely, flesh-meat. (S in art. شيط .) And دخّنهُ بِالدُّخْنَةِ [He fumigated it, or him, with what is termed دُخْنَة , q. v.]; namely, a house, or tent, or chamber, (JK, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and a garment, (M,) and another man. (TA.) And دَخَّنُوا عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِى غَارٍ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ [They smoked a party of men in a cave and so killed them]. (TA.)

Form 4أَدْخَنَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the fire sent up smoke; the seed-produce became hard and full in the graingenerated

4.1

See form 1, first sentence.

4.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredthe seed-produce became hard in the grain, and full—أَدْخَنَ الزَّرْعُ

It is overspread with a slight duskiness, or dinginess.

Or اِدَّخَنَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, first sentence. أَدْخَنَ الزَّرْعُ ; (JK, CK, and so in my MS. copy of the K;) or اِدَّخَنَ , (so in the K accord. to the TA,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ ; (TA;) The seed-produce became hard in the grain, (JK, K, TA,) and full therein; (JK;) being overspread with a slight duskiness, or dinginess. (TA.)

Form 5تدخّن2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he fumigated himselfgenerated

5.1[he fumigated himself with what is termed دُخْنَة q. v.]—تدخّن بِالدُّخْنَةِ

The same as تَبَخَّرَ: he fumigated himself; in art. بخر; from الدُّخْنَةُ.

Said of a man.

Also اِدَّخَنَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ.

5.1.1

Derived nouns 15

Nounدُخْنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a well-known kind of grain, a species of milletgenerated

A well-known kind of grain; the same as جَاوَرْسٌ, [i. e.] the grain of the جاورس, or a certain grain smaller than that, very smooth, cold, dry, and constipating.

[A species of millet; the holcus saccharatus of Linn.; holcus dochna of Forskål; sorghum saccharatum of Delile: and the holcus spicatus of Linn.: and the panicum miliaceum of Linn.]

Ism waḥda with ة, meaning a single grain of it.

Show Lane's original text

A well-known kind of grain; (Msb;) i. q. جَاوَرْسٌ ; (S;) [i. e.] the grain of the جاورس : (JK, M, K:) or a certain grain smaller than that, very smooth, cold, dry, and constipating: (M, K:) [a species of millet; the holcus saccharatus of Linn.; holcus dochna of Forskål; sorghum saccharatum of Delile: and the holcus spicatus of Linn.: and the panicum miliaceum of Linn.: (Delile's “ Flor. Aegypt. Illustr., ” no. 164: no. 57: and no. 79:)] n. un. with ة ; signifying a single grain thereof. (Msb.)

Nounدَخَنٌ7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — smokiness; a dusky colour inclining to blackness; rancour; badness of dispositiongenerated

Maṣdar of دَخِنَ [q. v.].

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

[Hence,] the appearance, or appearing, of conflict and faction, sedition, discord, or the like.

1.2figurative · مجاز

Hence also, that is, from دَخَنُ النَّارِ and الطَّبِيخِ: a state of alteration for the worse, of intellect, of religion, and of the grounds of pretension to respect or honour.

1.3

Also the same as دُخَانٌ. See that word in two places.

1.4figurative · مجاز

[Hence,] a duskiness, or dinginess, inclining to blackness; also دُخْنَةٌ, [like the colour of smoke, or] like the colour of iron.

It is in a sheep, or in a horse and similar beasts, or in a garment, and in a sword.

In a sword it means a blackness that appears in the broad side, by reason of its great brightness; or the diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain (syn. فِرِنْد ) of a sword.

1.5figurative · مجاز

Also rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite.

1.6figurative · مجاز

And badness, corruptness, or wickedness, of nature or disposition.

Show Lane's original text

inf. n. of دَخِنَ [q. v.]. (JK, Msb.) [Hence,] The appearance, or appearing, of conflict and faction, sedition, discord, or the like. (TA.) Hence also, i. e. from دَخَنُ النَّارِ and الطَّبِيخِ , (TA,) A state of alteration for the worse, of intellect, and of religion, and of the grounds of pretension to respect or honour. (K, TA.) Also i. q. دُخَانٌ . (S, K.) See this word in two places. [Hence,] A duskiness, or dinginess, inclining to blackness; (S TA;) as also دُخْنَةٌ ; (JK, S, K;) [like the colour of smoke, (see 1, last signification but one,) or] like the colour of iron: (TA:) it is in a sheep, (S,) or a horse and similar beasts, or in a garment, (TA,) and in a sword: (S, A, TA:) in this last it means a blackness that appears in the broad side, by reason of its great brightness: (A, TA:) or the diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, (syn. فِرِنْد ,) of a sword. (K.) Also Rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (JK, K, TA.) And Badness, corruptness, or wickedness, of nature or disposition. (K, TA.)

Nounدَخِنٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — infected with smoke; bad, corrupt in dispositiongenerated

Applied to food, and to flesh-meat: infected with smoke. See دَخِنَ.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

And hence, applied to wine, or beverage: altered for the worse in odour.

1.2figurative · مجازa man bad, corrupt, or wicked in nature, or disposition—رَجُلٌ دَخِنُ الخُلُقِ

[See also دَاخِنٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

[applied to food, and to flesh-meat, Infected with smoke: see دَخِنَ . And hence,] applied to wine, or beverage, Altered for the worse in odour. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ دَخِنُ الخُلُقِ (Sh, JK, S) A man bad, corrupt, or wicked, in respect of nature, or disposition. (Sh, JK, TA.) [See also دَاخِنٌ .]

Nounدُخْنَةٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — incense, a substance used for fumigationgenerated

The same as ذَرِيَرةٌ [which generally means particles of calamus aromaticus], or the like of it, [i. e.] incense, or a substance for fumigation, [of any kind, and particularly] like ذريزة, with which houses, tents, chambers, and clothes are fumigated.

See also دَخَنٌ.

2.1

[Hence, app.,] أَبُو دُخْنَةِ, or ابو دُخْنَةَ: a certain bird, the colour of which is like that of the قُبَّرَةٌ [or lark]: so says IB; or, as in some manuscripts, like the colour termed الغُبْرَة [i. e. dust-colour].

Show Lane's original text

i. q. ذَرِيَرةٌ [which generally means Particles of calamus aromaticus], (K,) or the like thereof, (S,) [i. e.] incense, or a substance for fumigation, ( بَخُورٌ , JK, Mgh, Msb,) [of any kind, and particularly] like ذريزة , (Mgh, Msb,) with which houses, or tents, or chambers, (S Mgh, Msb, K,) or a house, or tent, or chamber, (JK, M,) and clothes, (M,) are fumigated. (JK, S M, Mgh, Msb, K.) See also دَخَنٌ . [Hence, app.,] أَبُو دُخْنَةِ or ابو دُخْنَةَ A certain bird, (IB, K, TA,) the colour of which is like that of the قُبَّرَةٌ [or lark]: so says IB: or, as in some MSS., like the colour termed الغُبْرَة [i. e. dust-colour]. (TA.)

Nounدُخْنَآءٌ1 sense

Core sense — a species of sparrowgenerated

A species of عُصْفُور [or sparrow]; also called دُخْنَانٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A species of عُصْفُور [or sparrow]; as also دُخْنَانٌ . (K, * TA.)

Nounيَوْمٌ دَخْنَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — a hot, or intensely hot, daygenerated

1figurative · مجازa night intensely hot, in which the heat takes away the breath—لَيْلَةٌ دَخْنَانَةٌ

As though it were overspread by smoke; or a dusky, or dingy, night, inclining to blackness.

A hot, or an intensely hot, day.

Show Lane's original text

A hot, or an intensely hot, day: (JK, K, TA:) and لَيْلَةٌ دَخْنَانَةٌ a night intensely hot, (JK, TA,) in which the heat is such as takes away the breath; (TA;) as though it were overspread by smoke: (JK, TA:) or a dusky, or dingy, night, inclining to blackness. (S.)

Nounدُخْنَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — a species of sparrowgenerated

See دُخْنَآءٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see دُخْنَآءٌ .

Nounدُخَانٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — smoke; evil or mischief arising; dearth and hungergenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferreda calm, [or truce], for a cause other than reconciliation—هُدْنَةٌ عَلَى دَخَنٍ

Also دُخَّانٌ, which is the form [now] commonly used, and دَخَنٌ: the same as عُثَانٌ [a less usual term, meaning smoke]. In the S it is said merely that the دُخَان of fire is well known.

Plural دَوَاخِنُ, as عَوَاثِنُ is plural of عُثَانٌ, the only other instance of the kind, departing from rule; also دَوَاخِينُ [also irregular, and both plurals of multitude], and أَدْخِنَةٌ [a plural for a small number].

[Hence, the tribes of] Ghanee and Báhileh were called اِبْنَا دُخَانٍ [the two sons of smoke] because they smoked a party of men in a cave and so killed them.

In the CK, لَغَلَبَةٍ is erroneously put for لِعِلَّةٍ.

Or [as a cloak] upon, that is concealing, inward corruptness; from دَخِنَتِ النَّارُ, explained above. IAth says that it likens inward corruptness beneath outward rectitude to the smoking of fresh, or moist, firewood.

Or upon latent rancour or malevolence; in art. هدن.

But A'Obeyd, in explaining a tradition in which it occurs, takes it from دَخَنٌ as meaning a duskiness, or dinginess, inclining to blackness, in the colour of a beast or of a garment; for he says that it means a case in which the mutual love of two parties will not become pure, like the duskiness that is in the colour of a beast.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred[there was between us an affair that had evil, or mischief, arising in consequence of it]—كَانَ بَيْنَنَا أَمْرٌ ٱرْتَفَعَ لَهُ دُخَانٌ

دُخَانٌ is also used by the Arabs for evil, or mischief, when it arises.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

It also means dearth, drought, sterility, or unfruitfulness; and hunger.

It has been said to have this meaning in the Kur 44:9: for it is said that the hungry man [once] saw smoke between him and the sky; or hunger is thus called because of the dryness of the earth in drought, and the rising of the dust, which is likened to دُخَان [properly so termed].

Qur’ān 44:10 approximate — somewhere between 44:1 and 44:16 Lane cites “Kur xliv. 9”

Qur’ān 44:10 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root

فَٱرْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى ٱلسَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ

Then watch thou for the Day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke (or mist) plainly visible,Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.3

[In the present day it is also applied, but generally pronounced دُخَّان, to tobacco; nicotiana tabacum of Linn.]

Qur’ānic occurrences دُخَان

41:11

ثُمَّ ٱسْتَوَىٰٓ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَهِىَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ٱئْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَآ أَتَيْنَا طَآئِعِينَ

Moreover He comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience."

44:10

فَٱرْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِى ٱلسَّمَآءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُّبِينٍ

Then watch thou for the Day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke (or mist) plainly visible,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

(S, Msb, K) and دُخَّانٌ , (K,) which latter is the form [now] commonly used, (TA,) and دَخَنٌ , (S, K,) i. q. عُثَانٌ [a less usual term, meaning Smoke]: (K: [in the S it is said merely that the دُخَان of fire is well known:]) pl. (of the first, S, Msb) دَوَاخِنُ , (S, Msb, K,) like as عَوَاثِنُ is pl. of عُثَانٌ , (S, Msb,) the only other instance of the kind, (Msb,) deviating from rule, (S,) and دَوَاخِينُ , [also irreg., and both pls. of mult.,] and أَدْخِنَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (K.) [Hence, the tribes of] Ghanee and Báhileh ( غَنِىّ and بَاهِلَة ) were called اِبْنَا دُخَانٍ [The two sons of smoke] (S, K, TA) because they smoked a party of men ( دَخَّنُوا عَلَى قَوْمٍ ) in a cave and so killed them. (TA.) Hence also, (S,) هُدْنَةٌ عَلَى دَخَنٍ A calm [or truce] for a cause other than recon- ciliation: (S, K, TA: [in the CK, لَغَلَبَةٍ is erroneously put for لِعِلَّةٍ :]) or [as a cloak] upon [i. e. concealing] inward corruptness; from دَخِنَتِ النَّارُ explained above; [see 1;] (Msb;) [for] IAth says that it likens inward corruptness beneath outward rectitude to the smoke [or smoking] of fresh, or moist, firewood: (TA:) or upon latent rancour or malevolence: (S and TA in art. هدن :) but A'Obeyd, in explaining a trad. in which it occurs, takes it from دَخَنٌ as signifying “ a duskiness, or dinginess, inclining to blackness,” in the colour of a beast or of a garment; for he says that it means [a case in which] the mutual love of two parties will not become pure, like the duskiness, or dinginess, that is in the colour of a beast. (TA.) دُخَانٌ is also used by the Arabs for Evil, or mischief, when it arises; as in the saying, كَانَ بَيْنَنَا أَمْرٌ ٱرْتَفَعَ لَهُ دُخَانٌ [There was between us an affair that had evil, or mischief, arising in consequence of it]. (TA.) It also means Dearth, drought, sterility, or unfruitfulness; and hunger: and so it has been said to mean in the Kur xliv. 9: for it is said that the hungry [once] saw smoke ( دُخَان ) between him and the sky: or hunger is thus called because of the dryness of the earth in drought, and the rising of the dust, which is likened to دُخَان [properly so termed]. (TA.) [In the present day, it is also applied, but generally pronounced دُخَّان , to Tobacco; nicotiana tabacum of Linn.]

Nounدُخَّانٌ1 sense

Core sense — smokegenerated

See the preceding entry, first and last sentences.

Show Lane's original text

: see the next preceding paragraph, first and last sentences.

Nounدَاخِنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — producing smoke; a bad, corrupt dispositiongenerated

Firewood producing دُخَان [or smoke].

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferreda bad, corrupt, or wicked nature or disposition—خُلُقٌ دَاخِنٌ

[See also دَخِنٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

Firewood producing دُخَان [or smoke]. (TA.) [Hence,] خُلُقٌ دَاخِنٌ A bad, corrupt, or wicked, nature or disposition. (TA.) [See also دَخِنٌ .]

Nounدَاخِنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a chimney, a channel for the passage of smokegenerated

[A chimney;] a hole, or perforation, [or hollow channel,] in which are pipes of baked clay [for the passage of smoke].

Its plural is دَوَاخِنُ, meaning holes, or apertures, [or hollow channels, for the passage of smoke,] made over frying-pans and the fire-places of baths and the like; called by the common people مَدَاخِنُ [plural of مَدْخَنَةٌ].

Show Lane's original text

[A chimney;] a hole, or perforation, [or hollow channel,] in which are pipes of baked clay ( إِرْدَبَّات ) [for the passage of smoke]: (JK:) its pl. is دَوَاخِنُ , (TA,) signifying holes, or apertures, [or hollow channels, for the passage of smoke,] made over frying-pans and the fire-places of baths &c.; (K, TA;) called by the vulgar مَدَاخِنُ [pl. of مَدْخَنَةٌ ]. (TA.)

Nounأَدْخَنُ1 sense

Core sense — of a dusky, or dingy, colour inclining to blacknessgenerated

Applied to a ram [and the like]: of a dusky, or dingy, colour, inclining to blackness.

Feminine دَخْنَآءُ.

Show Lane's original text

, applied to a ram [&c.], (JK, S,) Of a dusky, or dingy, colour, inclining to blackness: (JK, S, K:) fem. دَخْنَآءُ . (S, K.)

Nounمَدْخَنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a place of smokegenerated

[A place of smoke.]

Show Lane's original text

[ A place of smoke.]

Nounمَدْخَنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a vessel for fumigationgenerated

See دَاخِنَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see دَاخِنَةٌ .

Nounمِدْخَنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a vessel for fumigation, made of baked claygenerated

A vessel for fumigation; the same as مِجْمَرَةٌ, or differing from the مِجْمَرَة [app. in being made only of baked clay,] and not disapproved, whereas the مجمرة is disapproved, because it is generally of silver; in art. جمر.

Plural مَدَاخِنُ.

Show Lane's original text

A vessel for fumigation; i. q. مِجْمَرَةٌ : (K:) or differing from the مِجْمَرَة , [app. in being made only of baked clay,] and not disapproved; whereas the مجمرة is disapproved, because generally of silver: (Mgh in art جمر :) pl. مَدَاخِنُ . (TA.)