خضع

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Form 1خَضَعَ9 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarخُضُوعٌ مُخَاضَعَةٌ خَضْعٌ

Core sense — he was lowly, humble, or submissive; he was soft in speech; he stooped his neckgenerated

1.1he was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive, to him—لَهُ

and خُضْعَانٌ or خِضْعَانٌ.

For instance, to his creditor, or to God.

اختضع [and انخضع, in art. خذأ] and اِخْضَوْضَعَ have the same meaning.

خُضُوعٌ is nearly the same as خُشُوعٌ, except that the latter is mostly used of the voice [or the eyes], while the former is used of the necks. Or the former is in the body and means the acknowledgment of humility and submission ('Eyn), while the latter is in the voice and in the eyes ('Eyn, in the same place).

[With submissiveness to his saying, or to what he said]—خُضْعَانًا لِقَوْلِهِ

Said in a tradition about the devils' hearing the words of the angels by stealth. According to one relation it is خِضْعَانًا, but that may be a plural of خَاضِعٌ; according to another it is خُضَّعًا, a plural of خَاضِعٌ.

1.1.1

He was, or became, still, and tractable, or submissive.

1.1.2he made his words soft to a woman—اخضع

Then be not soft in speech—فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالقَوْلِ

[He was soft to her in speech, and she was soft to him, and he became excited to feel an eager desire for her]—خَضَعَ لَهَا بِكَلَامِهِ وَخَضَعَتْ لَهُ وَتَطَمَّعَ فِيهَا

he was soft in his speech to her, she being soft in her speech to him—خَاضَعَها

Or it means: his speech was soft to a woman.

Qur'ān 33:32.

they two (a man and a woman) made soft talk together—خَضَعَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَدِيثًا

Each said what excited the other to feel an eager desire.

1.1.3he had a natural stooping of the neck; and he bent himself, or became bent—خَضَعَ

[or, as in two copies, خَضَعٌ, though the verb seems to be correctly خَضَعَ and not خَضِعَ].

اخضع has the same meaning.

he lowered his head to make a stoop, or to pounce down—اختضع

Said of a hawk.

1.1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredthe camels strove, or hastened, in their pace—خَضَعَتِ الإِبِلُ

Because, when they do so, they lower their necks.

he went quickly, or swiftly—اختضع

Said of a horse, for the same reason.

1.1.5figurative · مجازthe star, or asterism, inclined to the place of setting, or to setting—خَضَعَ النَّجْمُ

the sun inclined in the same way—خَضَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ

Like خَدَعَت and خَضَعَتْ أَيْدِى الكَوَاكِبِ, the stars inclined to setting — Aboo-'Adnán, in art. خشع.

1.2he, or it, rendered him still [and submissive]—خَضَعَهُ

The verb is both intransitive and transitive. See also Form 4.

1.2.1he, or it, caused him to have a stooping neck, that is, bent him—اخضعهُ

. Said of old age.

Jereer says: [God has prepared, for the poets, from me, thunderbolts which make the necks stoop to Him]

shāhid

أَعَدَّ ٱللّٰهُ لِلشُّعَرَآءِ مِنِّىصَوَاعِقَ يَخْضَعُونَ لَهُ الرِّقَابَا

1.2.2he, or it, invited such a one to that which was foul, abominable, or evil—خَضَعَ فُلَانًا إِلَى السَّوْءَةِ

Written الى السُّوءِ, but the form given above is the right one..

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

33:32

يَـٰنِسَآءَ ٱلنَّبِىِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ ۚ إِنِ ٱتَّقَيْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِٱلْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ ٱلَّذِى فِى قَلْبِهِۦ مَرَضٌ وَقُلْنَ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا

O Consorts of the Prophet! Ye are not like any of the (other) women: if ye do fear (Allah), be not too complacent of speech, lest one in whose heart is a disease should be moved with desire: but speak ye a speech (that is) just.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. خَضَعَ , inf. n. خُضُوعٌ (S, Msb, K) and خَضْعٌ and خُضْعَانٌ , or خِضْعَانٌ , (TA,) He was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive, (S, Msb, K,) لَهُ to him, (Msb, TA,) [for instance,] to his creditor, (Msb,) or to God; (TA;) as also اختضع , (S, K,) [and انخضع , (K in art. خذأ ,)] and اِخْضَوْضَعَ : (Sgh, K:) خُضُوعٌ is nearly the same as خُشُوعٌ , except that the latter is mostly used in relation to the voice [or the eyes]; but the former is used as meaning in the necks: (Msb:) or the former is in the body, ('Eyn and K in art. خشع ,) and signifies the acknowledgment of humility and submission; ('Eyn;) and the latter is in the voice and in the eyes. ('Eyn and K ubi suprà.) It is said in a trad. respecting the [devils'] hearing [the words of the angels] by stealth, خُضْعَانًا لِقَوْلِهِ [With submissiveness to his saying, or to what he said]; or, accord. to one relation, خِضْعَانًا ; but it may be a pl. of خَاضِعٌ ; and accord. to another relation, it is خُضَّعًا , which is a pl. of خَاضِعٌ . (TA.) He was, or became, still, (K, TA,) and tractable, or submissive. (TA.) He made his words soft to a woman; as also اخضع : (L:) or the latter signifies his speech was soft to a woman. (O, K.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 32], فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالقَوْلِ Then be ye not soft in speech. (TA.) And you say, خَضَعَ لَهَا بِكَلَامِهِ وَخَضَعَتْ لَهُ وَتَطَمَّعَ فِيهَا [He was soft to her in speech, and she was soft to him, and he became excited to feel an eager desire for her, or to lust after her]; (TA;) and in like manner, خَاضَعَها , (K, * TA,) inf. n. مُخَاضَعَةٌ , (TA,) [he was soft in his speech to her, she being soft in her speech to him.] And خَضَعَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَدِيثًا They two (a man and a woman) made soft discourse together, saying that which excited each to feel an eager desire for, or to lust after, the other. (TA from a trad.) خَضَعَ , aor. خَضَعَ , inf. n. خَضْعٌ , [or, as in two copies of the S, خَضَعٌ , though it seems that the verb is correctly خَضَعَ , not خَضِعَ ,] He had a natural stooping of the neck: (TA:) and he bent himself, or became bent; as also اخضع . (Zj.) And اختضع , said of a hawk, He lowered his head to make a stoop, or to pounce down. (Z, TA.) [Hence,] خَضَعَتِ الإِبِلُ The camels strove, or exerted themselves, or hastened, in their pace, or going; (K;) because, when they do so, they lower their necks. (TA.) And اختضع , (K,) said of a horse, (IAar,) [for the same reason,] He went quickly, or swiftly. (IAar, K.) خَضَعَ النَّجْمُ The star, or asterism, inclined (S, K, TA) to the place of setting, (S, TA,) or to setting: (K, TA:) and in like manner, خَضَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ the sun inclined &c.; like خَدَعَت : (TA:) and خَضَعَتْ أَيْدِى الكَوَاكِبِ the stars inclined to setting. (Aboo- 'Adnán, TA in art. خشع .) خَضَعَهُ He, or it, rendered him still (K, TA) [and submissive: see 1]: the verb being both intrans. and trans. (TA.) [See also 4.] Also, (K,) inf. n. خَضْعٌ and خُضُوعٌ , (TA,) He, or it, caused him to have a stooping neck; as also اخضعهُ ; (K;) i. e., bent him: (TA:) said of old age. (TK.) Jereer says, 1 [God hath prepared, for the poets, from me, thunderbolts which make the necks to stoop to Him]. (TA.) أَعَدَّ ٱللّٰهُ لِلشُّعَرَآءِ مِنِّى | صَوَاعِقَ يَخْضَعُونَ لَهُ الرِّقَابَا خَضَعَ فُلَانًا إِلَى السَّوْءَةِ ; in the K الى السُّوءِ , but the former is the right; inf. n. خُضُوعٌ ; (TA;) He, or it, invited such a one to that which was foul, abominable, or evil. (K, TA.)

Form 2خَضَّعَ1 sense

Core sense — he made him lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

2.1

See Form 4.

Show Lane's original text

see 4.

Form 3خَاْضَعَ1 sense

Core sense — he was soft in his speech to hergenerated

3.1

See Form 1, near the middle of the article.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, near the middle of the paragraph.

Form 4اخضع3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he made him lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

4.1

Intransitive: see Form 1, in two places.

4.2it (poverty) lowered, humbled, or abased him—اخضعهُ

[Its maṣdar is also خضّعهُ.]

the making someone lowly, humble, or submissive—تَخْضيعٌ

In Persian, فَرُوتَنْ كَرْدَانِيدَنْ. (Golius, from the same source, explains the verb as "Submissum humilemque se commonstravit.")

want, or need, made me lowly, humble, or submissive to you, or forced me to turn to you and ask your aid—أَخْضَعَتَنِى إِلَيْكَ الحَاجَةُ

4.2.1

See also Form 1, near the end of the article.

Show Lane's original text

, intrans.: see 1, in two places. اخضعهُ It (poverty) lowered, humbled, or abased, him; (Msb;) [as also خضّعهُ ; for its inf. n.] تَخْضيعٌ signifies the rendering lowly, humble, or submissive; in Persian, فَرُوتَنْ كَرْدَانِيدَنْ . (KL. [But Golius, from the same source, explains the verb as signifying “ Submissum humilemque se commonstravit. ”]) [Hence,] أَخْضَعَتَنِى إِلَيْكَ الحَاجَةُ (Zj, S, TA) Want, or need, [made me lowly, humble, or submissive, to thee; or] constrained me to have recourse to thee, and to require thine aid. (TA.) See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.

Form 7إِنْخَضَعَ1 sense

Core sense — he became lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

7.1

See Form 1, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, first sentence.

Form 8إِخْتَضَعَ1 sense

Core sense — he became submissive; he bent himself, or stoopedgenerated

8.1

See Form 1, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in three places.

Form 12اخضوضع1 sense

Core sense — he became lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

12.1

See Form 1, first sentence.

Show Lane's original text

: see 1, first sentence.

Derived nouns 7

Nounخَضِعٌ1 sense

Core sense — a plant bending from softness, or tendernessgenerated

A plant bending by reason of softness, or tenderness.

ISd holds it to be formed after the manner of a relative, or possessive, noun, because there is no verb [of the measure خَضِعَ] to which it may be referred. [The regular form, if it were an ism fāʿil, would be خَاضِعٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

A plant bending by reason of softness, or tenderness: ISd holds it to be formed after the manner of a relative, or possessive, noun, because there is no verb [of the measure خَضِعَ ] to which it may be referred. (TA.) [The regular form, if it were a part. n., would be خَاضِعٌ , q. v.]

Nounخَضْعَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — lowliness, humility, submissivenessgenerated

Or خَضَعَةٌ: see بَضَعَةٌ and بَاضِعٌ.

Show Lane's original text

, or خَضَعَةٌ : see بَضَعَةٌ and بَاضِعٌ .

Nounخَضَعَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — lowliness, humility, submissivenessgenerated

See what precedes.

Show Lane's original text

: see what next precedes.

Nounخُضَعَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one submissive to everyone; one who subdues and humbles his opponentsgenerated

A man who is lowly, humble, or submissive, to everyone.

1.1

And one who overcomes, or subdues, his adversaries, or opponents, and humbles and abases them.

Show Lane's original text

A man (S) who is lowly, humble, or submissive, to everyone. (S, Sgh, K,) And One who overcomes, or subdues, his adversaries, or opponents, (K, TA,) and humbles and abases them. (TA.)

Nounخَضُوعٌ1 sense

Core sense — very lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

See the next article, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see the next paragraph, in two places.

Nounخَاضِعٌ7 senses · 2 main

Core sense — lowly, humble, or submissive; lowering the neckgenerated

1lowly, humble, or submissive, like the headword—خَضُوعٌ

[Or rather it is an intensive adjective, meaning very lowly, and so on.]

The plurals of the headword are خَاضِعُونَ, خُضَّعٌ, and خُضْعَانٌ or خِضْعَانٌ (on the last two, see Form 1, second sentence).

a people, or company of men, very submissive in the necks—قَوْمٌ خُضُعُ الرِّقَابِ

خَضُوعٌ has the plural خُضُعٌ.

And their necks shall continue submissive—فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ

Qur'ān 26:3. The past tense is used in the sense of the muḍāriʿ, meaning تَدُومُ, submissive to it.

The original of the phrase is فَظَلُّوا لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ, and اعناق is inserted redundantly to show the place of خُضُوع, the predicate being left as it was.

Or, since the خضوع is only that of the اعناق, the predicate may be made to relate to [the pronoun هم, which is] the complement of the latter word.

Or, since the خضوع is ascribed to the necks but really belongs to the persons, the adjective takes the plural form proper to rational beings.

Or اعناقهم means their chiefs, or their companies. But there is another reading, literally grammatical, namely خَاضِعَةً.

1.1women who have been, or who are, soft in speech, and still—خُضَّعٌ

This is a plural. See Form 1.

1.2ostriches inclining their heads towards the ground in their places of pasture—نَعَامٌ خَوَاضِعُ

Plural of خَاضِعَةٌ.

gazelles doing the same—ظِبَآءٌ

1.3figurative · مجازcamels striving, or hastening, in their pace—إِبِلٌ خَوَاضِعُ

Because, when they do so, they lower their necks.

1.4a low, or depressed, shoulder-joint—مَنْكِبٌ خَاضِعٌ

a low, or depressed, shoulder-joint—أَخْضَعُ

1.5figurative · مجازstars inclining to setting, or to their places of setting—نُجُومٌ خَوَاضِعُ

Inviting to that which is foul, abominable, or evil.

Show Lane's original text

Lowly, humble, or submissive; (Msb;) and خَضُوعٌ signifies the same: (S, K:) [or rather the latter is an intensive epithet, signifying very lowly, &c.:] the pl. of the former is خَاضِعُونَ and خُضَّعٌ and خُضْعَانٌ , or خِضْعَانٌ : (TA:) [respecting the last two of which, see 1, second sentence:] and the pl. of خَضُوعٌ is خُضُعٌ ; (S, K;) as in the phrase قَوْمٌ خُضُعُ الرِّقَابِ [A people, or company of men, very submissive in the necks]. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xxvi. 3], فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ And their necks shall continue, the pret. being used in the sense of the aor., meaning تَدُومُ , (Jel,) submissive to it: (Jel, * TA:) the original of the phrase is فَظَلُّوا لَهَا خَاضِعِينَ ; and اعناق is redundantly inserted to show the place of خُضُوع , and the predicate is left in its original state: (Bd:) or as the خضوع is only that of the اعناق , it is allowable to make the predicate relate to [the pronoun هم , which is] the complement of the latter word: (Sb, Kh:) or since the خضوع is ascribed to the necks but really belongs to the persons, the epithet has that form of pl. which is proper to rational beings: (Jel: [and the like is said by Bd:]) or اعناقهم means their chiefs: or their companies: but there is another reading [which is literally grammatical], namely خَاضِعَةً . (Bd.) The pl. خُضَّعٌ is also applied to Women who have been [ or who are] soft in speech, and still. (IAar.) [See 1.] نَعَامٌ خَوَاضِعُ [pl. of خَاضِعَةٌ ] Ostriches inclining their heads towards the ground in their places of pasture; and in like manner, ظِبَآءٌ [gazelles]. (TA.) إِبِلٌ خَوَاضِعُ Camels striving, or exerting themselves, or hastening, in their pace, or going; because, when they do so, they lower their necks. (TA.) مَنْكِبٌ خَاضِعٌ and أَخْضَعُ A low, or depressed, shoulder-joint. (TA.) نُجُومٌ خَوَاضِعُ Stars inclining to setting, or to their places of setting. (A, TA.) Inviting to that which is foul, abominable, or evil. (TA.)

Nounأَخْضَعُ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — having a natural stooping of the neck; content with abasementgenerated

Content with abasement; feminine خَضْعَآءُ.

1.1

Having a natural stooping of the neck; applied to a man, and to a horse, a camel, an ostrich, and a gazelle.

1.2

See also خَاضِعٌ, near the end of the article.

Show Lane's original text

Content with abasement; fem. خَضْعَآءُ . (Lth, K.) Having a natural stooping of the neck; (S, K;) applied to a man, (TA,) and to a horse, (S, TA,) and a camel, and an ostrich, and a gazelle. (TA.) See also خَاضِعٌ , near the end of the paragraph.