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خشع

Form 1 · Form 5 · Form 6 · Form 8  ·  6 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 17

Form 1خَشَعَ10 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarخُشُوعٌ

Core sense — he was, or became, lowly, humble, submissive; he fearedgenerated

1.1figurative · مجازhe was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive—اختشع

.

تخشّع has the same meaning.

خُشُوعٌ is synonymous with خُضُوعٌ; or خشوع is nearly the same as خضوع. The former is mostly used of the voice, the latter of the necks; or the latter is in the body and the former in the voice and in the eyes. According to the 'Eyn, the former is nearly the same as the latter, except that the latter is in the body and means the acknowledging of humility and submission, while the former is in the voice and in the eyes; the Nh says the like [and so does the Msb in art. خضع].

the voices were, or shall be, still and low—خَشَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ
he lowered his eye—خَشَعَ بِبَصَرِهِ
he cast his eye towards the ground and lowered his voice—اختشع
he cast his eye towards the ground and lowered his voice—تخشّع

Or: low; or, as some say, still.

Lth says that you say اختشع فُلَانٌ, but not اختشع بِبَصَرِهِ.

his eye became contracted—خَشَعَ بَصَرُهُ
[the eyes were cast down before him, or it]—خَشَعَتْ دُونَهُ الأَبْصَارُ
being, or becoming, still; abasing, or lowering, oneself—خُشُوعٌ
he lowered, or bent down, his breast—اختشع
Qur’ān 20:108 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xx. 107”
Qur’ān 20:108 Lane quotes this verse
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلدَّاعِىَ لَا عِوَجَ لَهُۥ ۖ وَخَشَعَتِ ٱلْأَصْوَاتُ لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ فَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَّا هَمْسًا

On that Day will they follow the Caller (straight): no crookedness (can they show) him: all sounds shall humble themselves in the Presence of (Allah) Most Gracious: nothing shalt thou hear but the tramp of their feet (as they march).Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1he applied himself with his heart to his prayer and his supplication—خَشَعَ فِى صَلَاتِهِ

Also, with the same maṣdar: he feared — for instance, in prayer.

فِى دُعَائِهِ has the same meaning.

1.1.2figurative · مجازthe stars approached the place of setting—خَشَعَتِ الكَوَاكِبُ

Aboo-ʿAdnán. Or: they approached setting; or they sank and nearly disappeared in their setting-place (Aboo-Ṣáliḥ El-Kilábee).

[The corresponding phrase in Hebrew, occurring in Gen 37:9, probably has the same meaning.]

1.1.3figurative · مجازthe sun became eclipsed—خَشَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ
1.1.4figurative · مجازthe hump for the most part went away—خَشَعَ السَّنَامُ

Said of the hump of a camel. Or: it became lean, its fat going away and its height becoming lowered.

1.1.5

فُلَانٌ جِذْلٌ حِكَاكٌ خَشَعَتِ عَنْهُ الأُبَنُ is a saying of the Arabs, explained in art. حك.

1.1.6figurative · مجازthe leaves withered—خَشَعَ الوَرَقُ
1.1.7figurative · مجازthe earth, or land, dried up, not being rained upon—خَشَعَتِ الأَرْضُ
1.2such a one ejected the viscous saliva [or phlegm of his chest]—خَشَعَ فُلَانٌ خَرَاشِىٌّ صَدْرِهِ
1.2.1the viscous saliva [or phlegm of his chest] became ejected—خَشَعَتْ خَرَاشِىٌّ صَرِهِ

The verb is thus intransitive as well as transitive.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
20:108
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلدَّاعِىَ لَا عِوَجَ لَهُۥ ۖ وَخَشَعَتِ ٱلْأَصْوَاتُ لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ فَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَّا هَمْسًا

On that Day will they follow the Caller (straight): no crookedness (can they show) him: all sounds shall humble themselves in the Presence of (Allah) Most Gracious: nothing shalt thou hear but the tramp of their feet (as they march).

57:16
أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَـٰسِقُونَ

Has not the Time arrived for the Believers that their hearts in all humility should engage in the remembrance of Allah and of the Truth which has been revealed (to them), and that they should not become like those to whom was given Revelation aforetime, but long ages passed over them and their hearts grew hard? For many among them are rebellious transgressors.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, aor. خَشَعَ , inf. n. خُشُوعٌ , He was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive; (S, Msb, K;) as also اختشع (S, K) and تخشّع ; (Abu-lFet-h, Ham pp. 24 and 127;) خُشُوعٌ being syn. with خُضُوعٌ : (S, Msb, K:) or خشوع is nearly the same as خضوع : (Lth, K:) or the former is mostly used as meaning in the voice; and the latter, in the necks: (Msb:) or the latter is in the body; and the former is in the voice and in the eyes: (K:) or, as we read in the 'Eyn, the former is nearly the same as the latter, except that the latter is in the body, and signifies the acknowledging of humility and submission, and the former is in the voice and in the eyes; and the like is said in the Nh [and in the Msb in art. خضع ]. (TA.) You say, خَشَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ The voices were [or shall be (as in the Kur xx. 107]) still and low: (Msb:) or low: or, as some say, still. (TA.) And خَشَعَ بِبَصَرِهِ He lowered his eye. (S.) And اختشع and تخشّع He cast his eye towards the ground, and lowered his voice. (TA.) Lth says that you say, اختشع فُلَانٌ , but not اختشع بِبَصَرِهِ . (TA.) And خَشَعَ بَصَرُهُ His eye became contracted. (TA.) And خَشَعَتْ دُونَهُ الأَبْصَارُ [meaning The eyes were cast down before him, or it]. (TA.) خُشُوعٌ also signifies The being, or becoming, still: and the abasing oneself; or lowering oneself. (K, TA.) And اختشع , He lowered, or stooped, or bent down, his breast. (TA.) Also, inf. n. as above, He feared; for instance, in prayer: (TA:) or خَشَعَ فِى صَلَاتِهِ and فِى دُعَائِهِ signifies He applied himself with his heart to [or in] his prayer, and his supplication. (Msb.) خَشَعَتِ الكَوَاكِبُ , (Aboo-'Adnán,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The stars approached to the place of setting; (Aboo-'Adnán;) or approached to setting: (K:) or sank, and nearly disappeared in their setting-place. (Aboo- Sálih El-Kilábee.) [The corresponding phrase in Hebrew, occurring in Gen. xxxvii. 9, probably has the same meaning.] خَشَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ The sun became eclipsed. (TA.) خَشَعَ السَّنَامُ The hump for the most part went away; (O, K;) i. e. the hump of the camel: (TA:) or became lean; its fat going away, and its height becoming lowered. (L.) فُلَانٌ جِذْلٌ حِكَاكٌ خَشَعَتِ عَنْهُ الأُبَنُ is a saying of the Arabs, explained in art. حك . (TA in that art.) خَشَعَ الوَرَقُ The leaves withered. (TA.) خَشَعَتِ الأَرْضُ The earth, or land, dried up, not being rained upon. (TA.) خَشَعَ فُلَانٌ خَرَاشِىٌّ صَدْرِهِ Such a one ejected the viscous saliva [or phlegm of his chest]. (O, K.) And خَشَعَتْ خَرَاشِىٌّ صَرِهِ The viscous saliva [or phlegm of his chest] became ejected. (O, K.) The verb is thus intrans., as well as trans. (O.)
Form 5تخشّع1 sense

Core sense — he lowered, humbled, or abased, himselfgenerated

5.1

He lowered, humbled, or abased, himself; or he constrained himself to be, or to become, lowly, humble, or submissive, or to be so in voice or in the eyes.

See also Form 1, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
He lowered, humbled, or abased, himself: (Lth, K:) or he constrained himself to be, or to become, lowly, humble, or submissive; or to be so, or to become so, in voice, or in the eyes. (S.) See also 1, in two places.
Form 6تخاشع1 sense

Core sense — he feigned lowliness, humility, or submissivenessgenerated

6.1

[He feigned lowliness, humility, or submissiveness, in demeanour, or in voice, or in the eyes]. Mentioned in art. موت and elsewhere.

Show Lane's original text
[He feigned lowliness, humility, or submissiveness, in demeanour, or in voice, or in the eyes]. (TA in art. موت ; &c.)
Form 8إِخْتَشَعَ1 sense

Core sense — he was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissivegenerated

8.1

See Form 1, in four places.

Show Lane's original text
see 1, in four places.

Derived nouns 2

Nounخُشْعَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a low hill; a hill cleaving to the ground; rugged groundgenerated

1the earth was a low hill, &c., upon the water: then it was spread out—كَانَتِ الأَرْضُ خُشْعَةً عَلَى المَآءِ ثُمَّ دُحِيَتْ

A low hill; or a hill cleaving to the ground; and a piece of rugged ground; or elevated ground of the kind termed قُفّ that is mostly soft, that is, neither stone nor clay; and a rock growing in the sea.

Plural خُشَعٌ.

So in a tradition; but this tradition is related in various ways.

Show Lane's original text
A low hill: (S:) or a hill cleaving to the ground: (IAar, K:) and a piece of rugged ground: (IDrd, K:) or [elevated ground such as is termed] قُفّ that is for the most part soft, i. e. neither stone nor clay: (Lth:) and a rock growing in the sea: (TA:) pl. خُشَعٌ . (K.) It is said in a trad., كَانَتِ الأَرْضُ خُشْعَةً عَلَى المَآءِ ثُمَّ دُحِيَتْ [The earth was a low hill, &c., upon the water: then it was spread out]: (S:) but this trad. is variously related. (TA.)
Nounخَاشِعٌ7 senses · 1 main

Core sense — lowly, humble, or submissive, and still; bowing; fearinggenerated

1having their eyes cast down—خَاشِعَةً أَبْصَارُهُمْ

Lowly, humble, or submissive, and still; or lowly in the voice and in the eyes (see Form 1).

Plural خَاشِعُونَ and خُشَّعٌ; the latter also means men who lower, humble, or abase themselves, or who constrain themselves to be lowly, humble, or submissive, or to be so in voice or in the eyes, or who cast their eyes towards the ground and lower their voices.

Hence these two readings in the Qur 68:43 and 70:44; the accusative case is used as denotative of state.

having their eyes cast down—خَاشِعًا أَبْصَارُهُمْ
1.1

Bowing; or bending down the head and body.

1.2

Fearing.

1.3figurative · مجازa camel's foot cleaving to the ground—خُفٌّ
1.4figurative · مجاز

A wall that has cracked, and given notice of its falling, and then become even with the ground.

1.5figurative · مجاز

A herb dried up, and falling down upon the ground.

1.6figurative · مجاز

Applied to a place, and, with ة, to a بَلْدَة [or portion of country]: overspread with dust, and having in it no place of alighting or of abiding.

In the CK المُعَنْبَرُ is wrongly put for المُغَبَّرُ.

Applied to land: land whose surface the wind raises, because of its softness, so that its traces, or tracks, are effaced. Or in this case it is with ة, as in the Qur 41:39, and means altered (مُتَغَيِّرَة, probably a mistranscription for مُتَغَبِّرَة, overspread with dust), and having its herbage broken in pieces; or dried up and containing no herbage; or containing no green herbage; or low, or depressed, and still.

Without ة, applied to a place: one to which a person cannot find his way.

Plural خُشَّعٌ.

Qur’ān 41:40 approximate — somewhere between 41:24 and 41:54 Lane cites “Kur xli. 39”
Qur’ān 41:39 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَمِنْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦٓ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلْأَرْضَ خَـٰشِعَةً فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا ٱلْمَآءَ ٱهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَحْيَاهَا لَمُحْىِ ٱلْمَوْتَىٰٓ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

And among His Signs in this: thou seest the earth barren and desolate; but when We send down rain to it, it is stirred to life and yields increase. Truly, He Who gives life to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. For He has power over all things.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences خَاشِع 5 shown of 13
2:45
وَٱسْتَعِينُوا۟ بِٱلصَّبْرِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ۚ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلْخَـٰشِعِينَ

Nay, seek (Allah's) help with patient perseverance and prayer: It is indeed hard, except to those who bring a lowly spirit,-

23:2
ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى صَلَاتِهِمْ خَـٰشِعُونَ

Those who humble themselves in their prayers;

54:7
خُشَّعًا أَبْصَـٰرُهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَجْدَاثِ كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَادٌ مُّنتَشِرٌ

They will come forth,- their eyes humbled - from (their) graves, (torpid) like locusts scattered abroad,

79:9
أَبْصَـٰرُهَا خَـٰشِعَةٌ

Cast down will be (their owners') eyes.

88:2
وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَـٰشِعَةٌ

Some faces, that Day, will be humiliated,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
Lowly, humble, or submissive, (K, TA,) and still: (TA:) [or so in the voice and in the eyes: (see 1:)] pl. خَاشِعُونَ and خُشَّعٌ ; the latter also signifying men lowering, humbling, or abasing, themselves: or constraining themselves to be, or to become, lowly, humble, or submissive; or to be so, or to become so, in voice, or in the eyes: or casting their eyes towards the ground, and lowering their voices. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [lxviii. 43, and lxx. 44], accord. to different readings, خَاشِعَةً أَبْصَارُهُمْ and خَاشِعًا أَبْصَارُهُمْ [Having their eyes cast down]: the accus. case being used as denotative of state. (Zj, TA.) Bowing; or bending down the head and body. (K.) Fearing. (TA.) A camel's foot ( خُفٌّ ) cleaving to the ground. (TA.) A wall that has cracked, and given notice of its falling, and [then] become even with the ground. (TA.) A herb dried up, and falling down upon the ground. (TA.) Applied to a place, (S, K,) and, with ة , to a بَلْدَة [or portion of country], (S,) Overspread with dust, [in the CK المُعَنْبَرُ is erroneously put for المُغَبَّرُ ,] and having in it no place of alighting, or of abiding: (S, K:) and to land ( أَرْضٌ ), meaning of which the wind raises the surface, by reason of its softness, so as to efface its traces, or tracks: (L:) or in this case it is with ة , as in the Kur xli. 39, and means altered ( مُتَغَيِّرَة [probably a mistranscription for مُتَغَبِّرَة overspread with dust]), and having its herbage broken in pieces: (Zj, * TA:) or dried up, and containing no herbage: (Jel:) or containing no green herbage: or low, or depressed, and still: (TA:) and, without ة , applied to a place, to which one finds not his way: (Sgh, K:) pl. خُشَّعٌ . (TA.)