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حصن

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5  ·  15 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 18

Form 1حَصُنَ3 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarحَصَانَةٌ حُصْنٌ إِحْصَانٌ حَصْنٌ

Core sense — it became inaccessible, fortified; she became continent, or chaste; she marriedgenerated

1.1it became inaccessible, unapproachable, or difficult of access—مَنُعَ

.

Said of a حِصْن [or fortress], or of a place.

The CK wrongly substitutes وَمَنَعَ after كَكَرُمَ, as though the verb were حَصُنَ and حَصَنَ.

That is, it was, or became, مَنِيع: unattainable because of its height; fortified, or protected against attack, so that one could not reach what was inside it.

1.1.1she was, or became, continent, or chaste—حَصُنَتْ

From the sense above.; maṣdar حُصْنٌ, حَصْنٌ, حِصْنٌ, and حَصَانَةٌ.

she was, or became, continent, or chaste—أَحْصَنَتْ

Maṣdar إِحْصَانٌ and تحصّنت.

Said of a woman: she abstained from what was not lawful or decorous; synonym عَفَّتْ. Or she was, or became, married; she had a husband — also حَصَنَتْ and أُحْصِنَتْ. Ham p. 101 mentions حَصُنَتْ in this sense as well.

she was, or became, pregnant—أَحْصَنَتْ

As though pregnancy protected her from a man's going in to her.

1.2he preserved, or guarded, him, or it, in places difficult of access—حَصَنَهُ

.

As in a حِصْن [or fortress]. See also forms 2 and 4.

Show Lane's original text
, (Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. حَصُنَ , (K, TA,) inf. n. حَصَانَةٌ , (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) said of a حِصْن [or fortress], (S,) or of a place, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) i. q. مَنُعَ , [for which the CK erroneously substitutes وَمَنَعَ , after كَكَرُمَ , as though the verb were حَصُنَ and حَصَنَ ,] (K, TA,) [i. e.] It was, or became, مَنِيع [meaning inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access]; it was, or became, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) it was fortified, or protected against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it. (Mgh.) Hence, (Mgh,) حَصُنَتْ , (S, Msb, K,) aor. حَصُنَ , (K,) inf. n. حُصْنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and حَصْنٌ and حِصْنٌ (K) and حَصَانَةٌ ; (S, * Msb, * TA;) and أَحْصَنَتْ , (S, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِحْصَانٌ ; (Mgh;) and تحصّنت ; (K;) said of a woman, She was, or became, continent, or chaste; or she abstained from what was not lawful nor decorous; syn. عَفَّتْ : (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or she was, or became, married; or she had a husband; (K;) as also حَصَنَتْ and أُحْصِنَتْ : (Ham p. 101, in which حَصُنَتْ is likewise mentioned in this sense:) or أَحْصَنَتْ signifies she was, or became, pregnant; (K;) as though pregnancy protected her from a man's going in to her. (TA.) حَصَنَهُ , inf. n. حَصْنٌ , He preserved, or guarded, him, or it, in places inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access, as in a حِصْن [or fortress]. (TA.) [See also 2 and 4.]
Form 2حصّنهُ3 senses · 2 main
maṣdarتَحْصِينٌ

Core sense — he made it inaccessible, he fortified it against attackgenerated

2.1he made a place inaccessible, or difficult of access; he fortified it—احصنهُ

Maṣdar of the first verb تَحْصِينٌ.

He made it unattainable because of its height; he protected it against attack, so that one could not reach what was inside it. Said of a place.

I built a wall around the town, or village—حَصَّنْتُ القَرْيَةَ
2.1.1

For the first of these verbs, see also form 4.

2.2

And see form 5.

Show Lane's original text
, [inf. n. تَحْصِينٌ ;] and احصنهُ ; He made it, or rendered it, inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; (Msb, K;) he made it, or rendered it, unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) he fortified it, or protected it against attack, so that one could not gain access to what was within it; (Mgh;) namely, a place. (Mgh, Msb.) حَصَّنْتُ القَرْيَةَ I built a wall around the town, or village. (S.) For the former verb, see also 4. And see 5.
Form 4احصنهُ9 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he protected him; he caused her to be chaste; he married hergenerated

4.1

See form 2.

4.1.1

Also: he (God), or it (a coat of mail or the like), protected, or defended, him.

4.1.2[Continence, or chastity, preserves from suspicion, or evil opinion]—العِفَّةُ تُحْصِنُ مِنَ الرِّيبَةِ
4.1.3who guarded her private parts from what is unlawful or indecorous—الَّتِى أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا

In the Kur 21:91 and in the last verse of chapter 66. The meaning is: who abstained from what is unlawful or indecorous; who was continent, or chaste.

4.1.4he (her husband) caused the woman to be continent, or chaste—احصن المَرْأَةَ

He caused her to abstain from what is unlawful or indecorous. Also حَصَّنَهَا in the same sense.

[Marriage caused him to abstain from that which is unlawful and the like]—احصنهُ التَّزَوُّجُ
4.1.5and when they are married—فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ

[Also he married the woman; that is, he gave her in marriage.] See أُحْصِنَتْ above, in the first paragraph.

So some read in the Kur 4:30.

And a poet says: They married [their mother to their slave: such are the deeds of the mean, the base]

shāhid
أَحْصَنُوا أُمَّهُمُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِمْتِلْكَ أَفْعَالُ القِزَامِ الوَكَعَهْ
Qur’ān 4:26 approximate — somewhere between 4:25 and 4:28 Lane cites “Kur iv. 30”
Qur’ān 4:25 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَـٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـٰنِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَـٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحَـٰتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَـٰحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah hath full knowledge about your faith. Ye are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This (permission) is for those among you who fear sin; but it is better for you that ye practise self-restraint. And Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

4.2

أَحْصَنَتْ used intransitively: see form 1, in two places.

4.2.1and when they have become Muslim women—فَإِذَا أَحْصَنَّ

So some read in the Kur 4:30; according to Ibn-Mesʿood this is said of female slaves.

According to Aboo-Ḥaneefeh, الإِحْصَانُ in a case of stoning involves six conditions: being a Muslim woman, free, of sound intellect, of the age of puberty, validly married, and having had the marriage consummated. In a case of charging with adultery: being a Muslim woman, free, of sound intellect, of the age of puberty, and continent, or chaste.

Qur’ān 4:26 approximate — somewhere between 4:25 and 4:28 Lane cites “Kur iv. 30”
Qur’ān 4:25 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَـٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـٰنِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَـٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحَـٰتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَـٰحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah hath full knowledge about your faith. Ye are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This (permission) is for those among you who fear sin; but it is better for you that ye practise self-restraint. And Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

4.2.2he (a man) married, or took a wife—أحْصَنَ

With the lawyers, إِحْصَانٌ means the consummation of a valid marriage; and according to Esh-Sháfiʿee, by a free man who has reached puberty, and in the case of a free woman who has reached puberty, among the Muslims and among those who believe in a plurality of gods — that is, in a case of valid marriage.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
4:25
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَـٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـٰنِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَـٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحَـٰتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَـٰحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah hath full knowledge about your faith. Ye are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This (permission) is for those among you who fear sin; but it is better for you that ye practise self-restraint. And Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

12:48
ثُمَّ يَأْتِى مِنۢ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ سَبْعٌ شِدَادٌ يَأْكُلْنَ مَا قَدَّمْتُمْ لَهُنَّ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّمَّا تُحْصِنُونَ

"Then will come after that (period) seven dreadful (years), which will devour what ye shall have laid by in advance for them,- (all) except a little which ye shall have (specially) guarded.

21:80
وَعَلَّمْنَـٰهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَّكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُم مِّنۢ بَأْسِكُمْ ۖ فَهَلْ أَنتُمْ شَـٰكِرُونَ

It was We Who taught him the making of coats of mail for your benefit, to guard you from each other's violence: will ye then be grateful?

21:91
وَٱلَّتِىٓ أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهَا مِن رُّوحِنَا وَجَعَلْنَـٰهَا وَٱبْنَهَآ ءَايَةً لِّلْعَـٰلَمِينَ

And (remember) her who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples.

66:12
وَمَرْيَمَ ٱبْنَتَ عِمْرَٰنَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا وَصَدَّقَتْ بِكَلِمَـٰتِ رَبِّهَا وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَكَانَتْ مِنَ ٱلْقَـٰنِتِينَ

And Mary the daughter of 'Imran, who guarded her chastity; and We breathed into (her body) of Our spirit; and she testified to the truth of the words of her Lord and of His Revelations, and was one of the devout (servants).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see 2. Also He, (God,) or it, (a coat of mail [or the like],) protected, or defended, him. (Fr, Mgh, * TA.) العِفَّةُ تُحْصِنُ مِنَ الرِّيبَةِ [Continence, or chastity, preserves from suspicion, or evil opinion]. (Mgh.) الَّتِى أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا , in the Kur [xxi. 91 and lxvi. last verse], means Who preserved her pudendum from that which is unlawful or indecorous; (Zj, Mgh, * TA;) who abstained from what is unlawful or indecorous; or was continent, or chaste. (Msb.) احصن المَرْأَةَ He (her husband) caused the woman to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; (S, Mgh, K; *) as also حَصَّنَهَا . (K.) And احصنهُ التَّزَوُّجُ [Marriage caused him to abstain from that which is unlawful &c.]. (K.) [Also He married the woman; i. e. gave her in marriage.] See أُحْصِنَتْ above, in the first paragraph. In the Kur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ , meaning And when they are married. (S, TA.) And a poet says, 1 i. e. They married [their mother to their slave: such are the deeds of the mean, the base]. (S.) أَحْصَنُوا أُمَّهُمُ مِنْ عَبْدِهِمْ | تِلْكَ أَفْعَالُ القِزَامِ الوَكَعَهْ أَحْصَنَتْ , intrans.: see 1, in two places. In the Kur iv. 30, some read فَإِذَا أَحْصَنَّ ; and accord. to Ibn-Mes'ood, this, said of female slaves, means And when they are Muslimehs. (TA.) Accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, الإِحْصَانُ in a case of stoning involves six conditions; The being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and validly married, and having had her marriage consummated: and in a case of charging with adultery, the being a Muslimeh, and free, and of sound intellect, and of the age of puberty, and continent, or chaste. (Mgh.) And أحْصَنَ He (a man, S, Msb) married, or took a wife. (S, Msb, K.) With the lawyers, إِحْصَانٌ means The act of coïtus conjugalis in a case of valid marriage; and accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, by a free man who has attained to puberty, and in the case of a free woman who has attained to puberty, among the Muslims and the believers in a plurality of gods; meaning, in a case of valid marriage. (Msb.)
Form 5تحصّن4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he fortified himself, he protected himself; he (a horse) became a stalliongenerated

5.1he entered the fortress—حِصْن

Said of the enemy: he fortified himself; or he protected himself by it; or he took it, or made it, as a place of abode.

5.1.1

And hence: he guarded, or protected, himself in any way.

5.1.2

See also form 1.

5.1.3he (a horse) became a stallion, or fit to cover—حِصَان

So the TA under رَاحَ; or he only affected to be so — and so حَصَّنَ or حُصِّنَ — for a horse in this case is said to bear evidence of التَّحَصُّن and التَّحْصِين.

Show Lane's original text
, said of the enemy, (S, TA,) [He fortified himself: or] he entered the [or a] حِصْن [or fortress]: or protected himself by it: or took it, or made it, as a place of abode. (TA.) And hence, He guarded, or protected, himself in any way. (TA.) See also 1. Also He (a horse, TA) became a حِصَان , (K,) i. e. a stallion, or fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ :) or affected to be so: (Az, TA:) [and so حَصَّنَ or حُصِّنَ ; for] a horse in this case is said to bear evidence of التَّحَصُّن and التَّحْصِين . (S, * K, TA.)

Derived nouns 11

Nounحِصْنٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a fortress, a fortified place; arms; the new moongenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A fortress; a fort; a fortified place; a place whose interior cannot be reached; any place that is fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot get at what is inside it; a place unattainable because of its height; a fortified city.

Plural (of many) حُصُونٌ and حِصَنَةٌ; (of few) أَحْصَانٌ.

For أَبُو الحِصْنِ, see أَبُو الحُصَينِ below.

Hence also: خَيْلُ العَرَبِ حُصُونُهَا ذُكُرُهَا وَإِنَاثُهَا [The horses of the Arabs are their حُصُون, the males of them and the females of them].

A man said to ʿAbd-Allah Ibn-El-Ḥasan, “My father has left the third of his property for the حُصُون,” and he replied, “Buy horses.” So in the A; in the M, “Buy horses with it, and mount men on them to fight in the cause of God.”

1.1figurative · مجازhe came bearing arms—جَآءَ يَحْمِلُ حِصْنًا

Hence also: arms, weapons.

1.2

Also the new moon, or the moon when it is called هِلَال.

In the K, الهَلَاكُ is wrongly put for الهِلَالُ.

Show Lane's original text
[A fortress; a fort; a fortified place;] a place of which the interior is inaccessible; (K;) any place that is fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (Mgh;) a place that is unattainable, by reason of its height; (Msb;) a fortified city: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] حُصُونٌ (S, Msb, K) and حِصَنَةٌ and [of pauc.] أَحْصَانٌ . (K.) [Hence,] أَبُو الحِصْنِ : see أَبُو الحُصَينِ , below. [Hence, also,] خَيْلُ العَرَبِ حُصُونُهَا ذُكُرُهَا وَإِنَاثُهَا [The horses of the Arabs are their حُصُون ; the males thereof and the females thereof]. (TA.) A man said to 'Abd-Allah Ibn-El-Hasan, “ My father has left the third of his property for the حُصُون : ” and he replied “ Buy thou horses: ” so in the A: in the M, “ Buy thou therewith horses, and mount [men] on them [to fight] in the cause of God. ” (TA.) [Hence, also,] Arms. (K, TA.) You say, جَآءَ يَحْمِلُ حِصْنًا He came bearing arms. (TA.) Also The [new moon; or the moon when it is termed] هِلَال : in the K, الهَلَاكُ is erroneously put for الهِلَالُ . (TA.)
Nounحَصْنَآءُ1 sense

Core sense — continent, or chaste, said of a woman; married, having a husbandgenerated

1

See the word that follows.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next follows.
Nounحَصَانٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — continent, or chaste; married, having a husband; a large pearlgenerated

1continent, or chaste, applied to a woman—حَاصِنٌ
continent, or chaste, applied to a woman—حَاصِنَةٌ
continent, or chaste, applied to a woman—حَصْنَآءُ
continent, or chaste, applied to a woman—مُحْصِنَةٌ
continent, or chaste, applied to a woman—مُحْصَنَةٌ

Sh and the TA explain the first of these adjectives as: abstaining from what is not lawful or decorous, or from what brings suspicion or evil opinion. Or: married, having a husband.

Or حَصَانٌ has both of these meanings.

According to Th, مُحْصَنَةٌ, with fet-h only, has the second meaning, and means caused by her husband to be continent, or chaste, or to abstain from what is unlawful or indecorous.

This adjective is also applied to a woman who has been set free, and to one who has become a Muslim.

[Certain particular applications of مُحْصِنَةٌ have been shown above by implication: see form 4.]

The plural of حَصَانٌ is حُصُنٌ and حَصَانَاتٌ; the plural of حَاصِنٌ and حَاصِنَةٌ is حَوَاصِنُ and حَاصَنَاتٌ, the first of these also meaning pregnant, applied to women.

The plural محصنات, where it first occurs in chapter 4 [verse 28] of the Kur, is read by all as مُحْصَنَات (A ʿObeyd), meaning having husbands (A ʿObeyd), because when such women are made captives their marriage-tie is cut. Elsewhere some read it in the same way, taking it in the sense just explained, and others read مُحْصِنَات, meaning that have become Muslims (A ʿObeyd).

In the Kur 4:29 it means free women; and in the Kur 5:7, continent, or chaste, women. In the Msb it is said to have the latter of these two meanings in 4:29 and the former in 5:7.

مُحْصَنَات is the more common in the language of the Arabs.

Qur’ān 4:25 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur iv. 29”
Qur’ān 5:4 approximate — somewhere between 5:1 and 5:31 Lane cites “Kur v. 7”
Qur’ān 4:25 Lane quotes this verse
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَـٰتِكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـٰنِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَـٰتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحَـٰتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَـٰحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتِ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ ٱلْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا۟ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah hath full knowledge about your faith. Ye are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This (permission) is for those among you who fear sin; but it is better for you that ye practise self-restraint. And Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1a pearl, or a large pearl—حَصَانٌ

Synonym دُرَّةٌ; so called because it is protected inside the shell that holds it.

Show Lane's original text
(S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حَاصِنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and حَاصِنَةٌ (K) and حَصْنَآءُ (S, K) and مُحْصِنَةٌ (Th, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and مُحْصَنَةٌ , (Th, S, Msb, K,) applied to a woman, Continent, or chaste; or abstaining from what is not lawful nor decorous, (Th, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or from that which induces suspicion or evil opinion: (Sh and TA in explanation of the first of these epithets:) or married; having a husband: (K:) or حَصَانٌ has both of these significations: (Ham p. 101:) and accord. to Th, (S,) مُحْصَنَةٌ , with fet-h only, has the latter signification; (S, Mgh, * Msb; *) and means caused to be continent or chaste, or to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, by her husband: (Mgh: [and the same is implied in the S:]) and this epithet is also applied to a woman emancipated: and to one having become a Muslimeh: (Az, TA:) [certain particular applications of مُحْصِنَةٌ have been implicatively shown above: see 4:] the pl. of حَصَانٌ is حُصُنٌ and حَصَانَاتٌ : and the pl. of حَاصِنٌ and حَاصِنَةٌ is حَوَاصِنُ and حَاصَنَاتٌ : the former of which ( حواصن ) also signifies pregnant, (K,) applied to women: (TA:) the pl. محصنات , in the first instance of its occurrence in ch. iv. [verse 28] of the Kur, is read by all مُحْصَنَات , (A 'Obeyd, TA,) meaning having husbands; (A 'Obeyd, Mgh, Msb, TA;) because when such women are made captives, their marriage-tie is cut: but in other instances, some read thus, understanding it in the sense last explained; and others read مُحْصِنَات , as meaning that have become Muslimehs: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) in the Kur iv. 29, it means free women: and in the Kur v. 7, continent, or chaste, women: (Mgh: [in the Msb, it is said to have the latter of these last two meaning in iv. 29, and the former of them in v. 7:]) مُحْصَنَات is the more common in the language of the Arabs. (Fr, TA.) حَصَانٌ also signifies A pearl, or a large pearl; syn. دُرَّةٌ : (K:) because it is protected in the interior of the shell that contains it. (TA.)
Nounحِصَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — a generous, high-bred horse; a stallion, one fit to covergenerated

1

A generous, or high-bred, horse, whose seed one is sparing of; or a male horse; or this last is a secondary meaning, arising from frequency of use; or a stallion horse, or one fit to cover.

The حِصَان is so called because he preserves his rider; or because his back is like a حِصْن to his rider, which is why horses are called حُصُونٌ; or because one is sparing of his seed, so that he is made to cover only a generous mare.

Plural حُصُنٌ.

Show Lane's original text
A generous, or high-bred, horse, (Msb, K,) of whose seed one is niggardly: (K:) or a male horse: (Mgh, K:) or this latter is a secondary meaning, originating from frequency of usage: (S, Msb:) or a stallion horse; or one fit to cover: (TA voce رَاحَ :) the حِصَان is. so called because he preserves his rider: (TA:) or because his back is like the حِصْن to his rider; (Mgh, Msb;) wherefore horses are called حُصُونٌ : (Mgh:) or because one is niggardly of his seed, so that he is not made to cover any but a generous mare: (S, Mgh, Msb:) pl. حُصُنٌ . (Mgh, Msb, K.)
Nounحَصِبينٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — inaccessible, difficult of access, fortified; firmly made, said of a coat of mailgenerated

1

Applied to a place, or to a حِصْن [or fortress]: inaccessible, unapproachable, or difficult of access; synonym مَنِيعٌ.

That is, unattainable because of its height; fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot reach what is inside it; see حَصُنَ, of which it is the ism fāʿil.

A building that protects anyone who takes refuge in it.

1.1

For هُوَ الحَصِينُ أَنْ يُرَامَ meaning أَحْصَنُ مِنْ أَنْ يُرَامَ, see the first paragraph of the article ال, near its end.

1.2a firmly, strongly, or compactly made coat of mail—دِرْعٌ
a firmly, strongly, or compactly made coat of mail—حَصِينَةٌ

Or: trusty, or trusted in, with the rings close together, so that weapons have no effect upon it. For الخلق in the L and TA I read الحَلَق.

Er-Rāghib: so called because it is [as] a حِصْن to the body.

Show Lane's original text
, applied to a place, (Msb, TA,) or to a حِصْن [or fortress], (S,) Inaccessible, or unapproachable, or difficult of access; syn. مَنِيعٌ ; (Msb, K; *) [unattainable, by reason of its height; fortified, or protected against attack, so that one cannot gain access to what is within it; (see حَصُنَ , of which it is the part. n.;)] a building that protects him who has recourse to it for refuge. (Sb, TA.) هُوَ الحَصِينُ أَنْ يُرَامَ , meaning أَحْصَنُ مِنْ أَنْ يُرَامَ : see (near its end) the first paragraph in art. ال . دِرْعٌ (K) and حَصِينَةٌ (Sh, K) A coat of mail firmly, strongly, or compactly made: (K:) or trusty, or trusted in, having the rings [for الخلق in the L and TA, I read الحَلَق ,] near together; such that weapons produce no effect upon it: (Sh, L, TA:) so called because it is [as] a حِصْن to the body. (Er-Rághib, TA.)
Nounحُصَيْنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a little fortress; the foxgenerated

1

A diminutive of حِصْنٌ.

1.1the fox—أَبُوالحُصَيْنِ

Hence this use. Synonym الثَّعْلَبُ; so called because he protects himself from causes of harm by his sharpness. Also الحِصْنِ أَبُو.

Show Lane's original text
[ dim. of حِصْنٌ . Hence,] أَبُوالحُصَيْنِ The fox; syn. الثَّعْلَبُ ; (S, K;) so called because of his protecting himself from causes of harm by his acuteness; (Har p. 663;) as also الحِصْنِ أَبُو . (M, K.)
Nounحَاصَنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — continent, or chaste, said of a woman; a man's wifegenerated

1

This and حَاصِنَةٌ: see حَصَانٌ, in four places.

1.1

The second of these also means a man's wife; and so does حَاضِنَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
and حَاصِنَةٌ : see حَصَانٌ , in four places. The latter also signifies A man's wife: and so حَاضِنَةٌ . (TA.)
Nounأَحْصَنُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, strongly fortified, or protected against attackgenerated

1

[More, and most, strongly fortified, or protected against attack.] TA in the article لوم.

See also حَصِينٌ.

Show Lane's original text
[More, and most, strongly fortified, or protected against attack]. (TA in art. لوم .) See also حَصِينٌ .
Nounمُحْصَنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a married man, made chaste by marriage; wheat stored upgenerated

1

Wheat stored up. TA in the article عسى.

1.1

A man made, by marriage, to abstain from what is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent, or chaste; explained by قَدْ أَحْصَنَهُ التَّزَوُّجُ.

And a man married, or having a wife; also مُحْصِنٌ. The first of the two is irregular [if أُحْصِنَ is not allowable as meaning, like أَحْصَنَ, “he married,” or “took a wife”: but see forms 1 and 4].

For the feminine, مُحْصَنَةٌ, and its plural, مُحْصَنَاتٌ, see حَصَانٌ, in four places.

Show Lane's original text
Wheat stored up. (TA in art. عسى .) A man caused, by marriage, to abstain from that which is unlawful or indecorous, or to be continent or chaste; expl. by قَدْ أَحْصَنَهُ التَّزَوُّجُ . (K.) And A man married, or having a wife; (S, Msb, K;) as also مُحْصِنٌ : (Zj, Msb:) the former anomalous [if أُحْصِنَ be not allowable as meaning, like أَحْصَنَ , “ he married, ” or “ took a wife: ” but see 1 and 4]. (S, Msb.) For the fem., مُحْصَنَةٌ , and its pl., مُحْصَنَاتٌ , see حَصَانٌ , in four places.
Nounمُحْصِنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a married man, one having a wife; one who keeps himself chastegenerated

1

See مُحْصَنٌ; and for the feminine, مُحْصِنَةٌ, and its plural, مُحْصِنَاتٌ, see حَصَانٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see مُحْصَنٌ : and for the fem., مُحْصِنَةٌ , and its pl., مُحْصِنَاتٌ , see حَصَانٌ , in three places.
Nounمِحْصَنٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a lock; an iron piece on a horse's nose; a basketgenerated

1a lock—قُفْلٌ
1.1

The piece of iron that runs up the nose of a horse, with its base in the كِعَامَة, which is the iron thing that clasps the horse's muzzle. IDrd, in his book on the Saddle and Bridle, pp. 8-9.

[Jac. Schultens, as cited in Freytag's Lex., explains it as Ferramentum quoddam in fræno equi et frænum ipsum.]

1.2

A basket of the kind called زَبِيل. One should not say مِحْصَنَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
A lock; syn. قُفْلٌ . (K.) The piece of iron that extends upwards upon the nose of the horse, having its base in the كِعَامَة , which is the iron thing that embraces, or clasps, ( تَلْتَقِمُ ,) the muzzle of the horse. (IDrd in his book on the Saddle and Bridle, pp. 8-9.) [Jac. Schultens, as cited in Freytag's Lex., explains it as Ferramentum quoddam in fræno equi et frænum ipsum.] A [basket of the kind called] زَبِيل : (K:) one should not say مِحْصَنَةٌ . (TA.)