حبس

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Form 1حَبَسَهُ2 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarحَبْسٌ

Core sense — he confined him, restrained him; he bequeathed it unalienably in the cause of Godgenerated

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredyour milch animals shall not be confined, or kept from pasturing—لَا يُحْبَسُ دَرُّكُمْ

He confined, restricted, kept in, shut up, imprisoned, detained, restrained, withheld, hindered, or prevented, him or it.; maṣdar حَبْسٌ and مَحْبَسٌ.

The opposite of خَلَّاهُ; synonymous with مَنَعَهُ and أَمْسَكَهُ, and also with احتبسهُ; and it means the same as ضَبَطَهُ or ضَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ [he took, held, or retained, him or it, strongly or firmly].

Its meaning is لَا تُحْبَسُ ذَوَاتُ الدَّرِ.

he confined, or restricted, the property to him, by will or otherwise—حَبَسَ المِلْكَ عَلَيْهِ

Mentioned in art. وقف.

he restricted himself to such a thing—حَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى كَذَا

Mentioned under تحبّس.

he restrained, or withheld, him from his course, purpose, or object—حَبَسَهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ

Mentioned in art. الت.

he withheld, or debarred, him from the thing he wanted—حَبَسَهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ

Mentioned in art. بيت.

1.1.1figurative · مجازhe bequeathed, or gave, it (namely, a horse) unalienably, to be used in the cause of God, or religion—حَبَسَهُ

Maṣdar حَبْسٌ and احبسهُ, and إِحْبَاسٌ and حبّسهُ, and تَحْبِيسٌ; in one copy احتبسهُ, which is perhaps allowable. فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللّٰهِ is used in the same sense.

That is, given to the warriors, to ride it in war against unbelievers and the like.

IDrst: the chaste forms are said to be احبسهُ and حبّسهُ; or the second of the two is sometimes used, but with an intensive meaning, or applied to several objects. حَبَسهُ is said to be a bad form, used by the common people, though allowable. احبسهُ is preferred for the bequeathing or giving of horses and other property that may not afterwards be sold or given away, so as to distinguish what is so forbidden from what is not.

The reverse holds for وَقَفَهُ, أَوْقَفَهُ and وَقَّفَهُ: the first of the three is the most chaste, and the last is disapproved and rare.

he made a thing remain in itself unalienable, not to be inherited, sold, or given away—حبّس شَيْئًا

Maṣdar تَحْبِيسٌ. The profit arising from it is assigned to be used in the cause of God, or religion.

make the property itself remain unalienable, in perpetuity—حَبِّسِ الأَصْلَ وَسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَةَ

Muhammad is related to have said this to 'Omar about some palm-trees belonging to him, which he wished to give in charity.

It is not to be inherited, sold, or given away, and its profit is to be assigned for use in the cause of God, or religion.

See حَبِيسٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

5:106

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ شَهَـٰدَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلْمَوْتُ حِينَ ٱلْوَصِيَّةِ ٱثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ أَوْ ءَاخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَأَصَـٰبَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۚ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنۢ بَعْدِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِٱللَّهِ إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِى بِهِۦ ثَمَنًا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۙ وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَـٰدَةَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّآ إِذًا لَّمِنَ ٱلْـَٔاثِمِينَ

O ye who believe! When death approaches any of you, (take) witnesses among yourselves when making bequests,- two just men of your own (brotherhood) or others from outside if ye are journeying through the earth, and the chance of death befalls you (thus). If ye doubt (their truth), detain them both after prayer, and let them both swear by Allah: "We wish not in this for any worldly gain, even though the (beneficiary) be our near relation: we shall hide not the evidence before Allah: if we do, then behold! the sin be upon us!"

11:8

وَلَئِنْ أَخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابَ إِلَىٰٓ أُمَّةٍ مَّعْدُودَةٍ لَّيَقُولُنَّ مَا يَحْبِسُهُۥٓ ۗ أَلَا يَوْمَ يَأْتِيهِمْ لَيْسَ مَصْرُوفًا عَنْهُمْ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ

If We delay the penalty for them for a definite term, they are sure to say, "What keeps it back?" Ah! On the day it (actually) reaches them, nothing will turn it away from them, and they will be completely encircled by that which they used to mock at!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. حَبِسَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. حَبْسٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَحْبَسٌ , (Lth, Sb, K,) He confined, restricted, limited, kept in, prevented from escape, kept close, kept within certain bounds or limits, shut up, imprisoned, held in custody, detained, retained, arrested, restrained, withheld, debarred, hindered, impeded, or prevented, him or it; contr. of خَلَّاهُ ; (S, TA;) syn. مَنَعَهُ , (A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) and أَمْسَكَهُ ; (TA;) as also احتبسهُ : (S, K: *) and i. q. ضَبَطَهُ (Sb, TA in this art) or ضَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ (TA in art. ضبط ) [he took, held, or retained, him or it, strongly, vehemently, or firmly; &c.]. You say, لَا يُحْبَسُ دَرُّكُمْ meaning, لَا تُحْبَسُ ذَوَاتُ الدَّرِ [Your milch animals shall not be confined, or restrained from pasturing]. (TA.) And حَبَسَ المِلْكَ عَلَيْهِ [He confined, or restricted, the property to him, by will or otherwise]. (Mgh in art. وقف .) And حَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى كَذَا [He confined, or restricted, himself to such a thing]. (S and K voce تحبّس .) And حَبَسَهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [He restrained, or withheld, him from his course, purpose, or object]. (S in art. الت ; &c.) And حَبَسَهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ [He withheld, or debarred, him from the thing that he wanted]. (K in art. بيت ; &c.) [Hence,] حَبَسَهُ , (IDrst, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. حَبْسٌ ; (TA;) and احبسهُ , (S, IDrst, Mgh, Msb, K, [in one copy of the S, and in one of the A, احتبسهُ , which is perhaps allowable,]) inf. n. إِحْبَاسٌ ; (TA;) and حبّسهُ , (IDrd, Mgh,) inf. n. تَحْبِيسٌ ; (IDrd, TA;) فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللّٰهِ ; (S, IDrst, A, Mgh;) He bequeathed it, or gave it, (namely, a horse, S, IDrst, A, Mgh, K,) unalienably, (S, IDrst, Mgh, Msb, K,) to be used in the cause of God, or religion; (S, IDrst, A, Mgh, K;) i. e., to the warriors, to ride it in war against unbelievers and the like: (TA:) it is said that the chaste forms are احبسهُ and حبّسهُ : (TA:) or the latter of these two is sometimes used; (Mgh;) but has an intensive signification [or is applied to several objects]: (Msb:) حَبَسهُ is said to be a bad form; (TA;) it is used by the vulgar, but is allowable: احبسهُ is used in preference, to signify the bequeathing or giving of horses and other articles of property that are forbidden to be [afterwards] sold or given, to distinguish between that which is so forbidden and that which is not: (IDrst, TA:) the reverse is the case with respect to وَقَفَهُ and أَوْقَفَهُ and وَقَّفَهُ ; for the first of these three is the most chaste, and the last of them is disapproved and rare: (TA:) حبّس شَيْئًا , inf. n. تَحْبِيسٌ , signifies He made a thing to remain in itself unalienable, (K, * TA,) not to be inherited nor sold nor given away, (TA,) assigning the profit arising from it to be employed in the cause of God, or religion. (K, TA.) Mohammad is related to have said to 'Omar, respecting some palm-trees belonging to the latter, (Mgh, TA,) which he (the latter) desired to give in charity, (TA,) حَبِّسِ الأَصْلَ وَسَبِّلِ الثَّمَرَةَ Make thou the property itself to remain unalienable, (Mgh, TA,) in perpetuity, (Mgh,) not to be inherited nor sold nor given away, (TA,) and assign thou the profit arising therefrom to be employed in the cause of God, or religion. (Mgh, TA.) [See حَبِيسٌ .]

Form 2حَبَّسَ1 sense

Core sense — he bequeathed it unalienably, to be used in the cause of Godgenerated

2.1

See 1, in four places.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in four places.

Form 3حابس صَاحِبَهُ1 sense

maṣdarمُحَابَسَةٌ

Core sense — he confined his companion, each restraining the othergenerated

3.1he confined his companion, or restricted him—حَبَسَ

Or, more probably and in keeping with analogy: he confined his companion, and his companion did the same to him.

Show Lane's original text

, (K,) inf. n. مُحَابَسَةٌ , (TK,) i. q. حَبَسَ [He confined his companion, or restricted him, &c.]: or [more probably, and agreeably with analogy,] he confined his companion, &c., the latter doing the same to him. (TK.)

Form 4أَحْبَسَ1 sense

Core sense — he bequeathed it unalienably, to be used in the cause of Godgenerated

4.1

See 1, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in three places.

Form 5تحبّس عَلَى كَذَا1 sense

Core sense — he restrained himself, he held backgenerated

5.1he held back from the riders—تحبّس عَنِ الرُّكْبَانِ

He confined, restricted, restrained, or withheld, himself to such a thing.

he withheld himself, or held back, in the affair—تحبّس فِى الأَمْرِ

Mentioned in art. حوز.

Show Lane's original text

He confined, restricted, limited, restrained, or withheld, himself ( حَبَسَ نَفْسَهُ ) to such a thing. (S, K.) تحبّس عَنِ الرُّكْبَانِ He held back from the riders. (TA.) تحبّس فِى الأَمْرِ [He withheld himself, or held back, in, or respecting, the affair]. (TA in art. حوز .)

Form 7إِنْحَبَسَ1 sense

Core sense — he, or it, was, or became, confined, or restrainedgenerated

7.1

See 8.

Show Lane's original text

see 8.

Form 8احتبس4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he, or it, was confined, restrained; he appropriated it to himselfgenerated

8.1

Quasi-passive of حَبَسَهُ: he, or it, was, or became, confined, restricted, or limited; and he confined, or restricted, himself.

[Also انحبس, but this latter is probably post-classical.]

8.1.1

Said of urine [as meaning: it became suppressed].

Mentioned in art. حقب.

8.2

احتبسهُ is synonymous with حَبسَهُ; see that word, in two places.

8.2.1

He appropriated it to himself, restricting it to his own special possession.

Or he made, or constituted, it what is termed حَبِيس.

Show Lane's original text

quasi-pass. of حَبَسَهُ ; He, or it, was or became, confined, restricted, limited, &c.; and he confined, restricted, limited, &c., himself; (S, A, K;) [as also انحبس ; but this latter is probably post-classical.] Said of urine [as meaning It became suppressed]. (S and Msb in art. حقب ; &c.) احتبسهُ syn. with حَبسَهُ , which see, in two places. (S, K.) Also He appropriated it to himself; restricted it to his own special possession: (A, TA:) or he made, or constituted, it ( اِتَّخَذَهُ ) what is termed حَبِيس . (TA.)

Derived nouns 14

Nounحَبْسٌ2 senses

Core sense — a place of confinement, a prisongenerated

A place of confinement, restriction, or imprisonment; a prison; a jail.

Also مَحْبَسٌ, which is also a maṣdar; or, by analogy, مَحْبِسٌ.

Plural of the first حُبُوسٌ, and of the second [and third] مَحَابِسُ.

See also حِبْسٌ.

Show Lane's original text

A place of confinement, restriction, imprisonment, or the like; a prison; a jail; (A, Msb;) as also مَحْبَسٌ , (Lth, A, TA,) which is also an inf. n.; (Lth, TA;) or, accord. to analogy, مَحْبِسٌ : (Sb, TA:) pl. of the first, حُبُوسٌ ; (Msb;) and of the second [and third], مَحَابِسُ . (A.) See also حِبْسٌ .

Nounحُبْسٌ1 sense

Core sense — things bequeathed, or given, unalienably in the cause of Godgenerated

A contraction of حُبُسٌ, which is the plural of حَبِيسٌ [q. v.].

Show Lane's original text

a contraction of حُبُسٌ , which is pl. of حَبِيسٌ [q. v.]. (IAth, TA.)

Nounحِبْسٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a dam of wood or stones holding water back; water collectedgenerated

A dam built of wood or stones in a water-channel, to hold the water back so that people may drink from it and water their beasts. El-'Ámiree: also حَبْسٌ; plural أَحْبَاسٌ and حِبَاسٌ.

Or a dam by which the water-course of a valley is blocked, wherever the water is confined.

Or stones put in the mouth of a river or rivulet or the like, keeping the water from overflowing.

Or a مَصْنَعَة for water; [that is, a thing like a حَوْض, or watering-trough for beasts and the like, in which the rain-water is collected;] also حَابِسٌ. Or a thing like a مَصْنَعَة for water. Plural أَحْبَاسٌ and حُبَاسَةٌ.

حِبَاسَةٌ means the same as حِبْسٌ.

Or, according to Lth, the حباسات in a piece of land are what surround a [portion of ground such as is called] دَبْرَةٌ, which is the same as a مَشَارَة, in which the water is held until they are full, and is then made to flow to other parts.

Or a حِبْس is what is surrounded by dams [or by ridges of earth] that hold the water back [for irrigation]; also مَشَارَةٌ and دَبْرَةٌ.

Mentioned in art. شور.

1.1

Ibn-'Abbád: water that is collected and has no supply to increase it.

It is called by the name of the thing by which it is confined.

Show Lane's original text

A dam constructed of wood or stones, in a channel of water, to confine the water, (S, K,) that people may drink from it and water their beasts; (S, TA;) as also حَبْسٌ : (El-'Ámiree, K:) pl. أَحْبَاسٌ (S, TA) and حِبَاسٌ : (Meyd, in Golius:) or a dam by which the water-course of a valley is obstructed, in any place where it is confined: (TA:) or stones put in the mouth of a river or rivulet or the like, preventing the overflowing of the water: (IAar, TA:) or a مَصْنَعَة for water; [i. e. a thing like a حَوْض , or water-ing-trough for beasts &c., in which the rain-water is collected;] (S;) as also حَابِسٌ : (TA:) or a thing like a مَصْنَعَة for water: (AA, K:) pl. أَحْبَاسٌ : (AA, TA:) and حُبَاسَةٌ and حِبَاسَةٌ signify the same as حِبْسٌ : or, accord. to Lth, the حباسات in a piece of land are what surround a [portion of ground such as is called] دَبْرَةٌ , which is the same as a مَشَارَة , in which the water is confined until they are full, when it is made to flow to other parts: (TA:) or a حِبْس is what is surrounded by dams [or by ridges of earth] which confine, or retain, the water [for irrigation]; as also مَشَارَةٌ and دَبْرَةٌ . (R, TA in art. شور .) Also Water collected, and having no supply to increase it: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) thus called by the name of that by which it is confined. (TA.)

Nounحُبْسَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a state of confinement; a difficulty or hesitation in speechgenerated

1speechlessness is a state of restriction—الصَّمْتُ حُبْسَةٌ

A noun from اِحْتِبَاسٌ, [meaning a state of confinement, restriction, or limitation].

1.1

A difficulty of utterance that keeps one from speaking clearly. Mbr: a difficulty of speech, and hesitation, when one wants to speak; a hesitation in speech.

Show Lane's original text

a subst. from اِحْتِبَاسٌ [signifying A state of confinement, restriction, limitation, &c.]: you say, الصَّمْتُ حُبْسَةٌ [Speechlessness is a state of restriction]. (S, TA.) [Hence,] A difficulty of utterance which prevents one's speaking distinctly; (A;) a difficulty of speech, (Mbr, K,) and hesitation, (Mbr, TA,) when one desires to speak; (Mbr, K;) a hesitation in speech. (Msb.)

Nounحَبِيسٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — confined, restricted; anything bequeathed unalienably for the sake of Godgenerated

The same as مَحْبُوسٌ [ism mafʿūl of Form 1]: confined, restricted, or limited.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Anything bequeathed, or given, unalienably for the sake of God, whether an animal, land, or a house; also مَحْبُوسٌ, مُحَبَّسٌ and مُحْبَسٌ. Plural of the first حُبُسٌ, and, by contraction, حُبْسٌ.

حَبِيسٌ is used both as a singular and as a plural; it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, and is sometimes used in place of the ism mafʿūl of حَبَّسَ.

It is also applied particularly to a horse bequeathed, or given, unalienably to be used in the cause of God, or religion — that is, to the warriors, to ride it in war against unbelievers and the like; also مُحْبَسٌ, مَحْبُوسٌ and حُبْسٌ.

Or حُبُسٌ applies to what is bequeathed, or given, unalienably, not to be sold or inherited, of palm-trees or vines and the like, as land and anything that is a source of profit: the thing itself remains unalienable, and the profit from it is to be used in the cause of God, or religion.

But the حُبُس which Muhammad is related to have made common property were what the pagan Arabs bequeathed, or gave, unalienably for (عَلَى [so in the TA, and I regard this as the true reading, rather than مِن, which is the reading in the Mgh and L]) the [camels called] سَوَائِب and بَحَائِر, and such as was called حَامٍ.

Hr, in the Ghareebeyn, gives the reading حُبْس, which, IAth says, if correct is a contraction of حُبُس.

[From حُبْس, used as a noun, there has been formed, apparently in post-classical times, the plural أَحْبَاسٌ; see De Sacy's “Chrest. Ar.,” second edition, volume 1, page 189.]

حَبِيسَةٌ, [used as a noun,] also means a thing bequeathed, or given, unalienably by way of beneficence; its plural is حَبَائِسُ.

Show Lane's original text

i. q. مَحْبُوسٌ , [pass. part. n. of 1,] Confined; restricted; limited; &c. (TA.) Anything bequeathed, or given, unalienably, (Lth, Mgh, Msb,) for the sake of God; whether an animal or land or a house; (Mgh;) as also مَحْبُوسٌ and مُحَبَّسٌ and مُحْبَسٌ : (Msb:) pl. of the first حُبُسٌ , (Mgh, Msb,) and, by contraction, حُبْسٌ : (Msb:) حَبِيسٌ is used as a sing. and as a pl.: (Msb:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ ; and is sometimes used in the place of the pass. part. n. of حَبَّسَ : (TA:) it is also particularly applied to a horse bequeathed, or given, unalienably, to be used in the cause of God, or religion; (S, A, * Mgh, K;) i. e., to the warriors, to ride it in war against unbelievers and the like; (TA;) as also مُحْبَسٌ (S, Mgh, K) and مَحْبُوسٌ : (K:) and حُبْسٌ , (S,) or حُبُسٌ , (K,) to what is, or are, bequeathed, or given, unalienably, (S, K,) not to be sold nor inherited, (TA,) of palm-trees, or vines, &c., (K,) as land, and anything that is a source of profit, (TA,) itself to remain unalienable, and the profit arising therefrom to be employed in the cause of God, or religion: (K, TA:) but the حُبُس which Mohammad is related to have made common property were what the pagan Arabs bequeathed, or gave, unalienably, for ( عَلَى [so in the TA, and this I regard as the true reading, rather than مِن , which is the reading in the Mgh and L,]) the [camels called] سَوَائِب and بَحَائِر , and such as was called حَامٍ : (Mgh, L, TA:) Hr, in the Ghareebeyn, gives the reading حُبْس , which, says IAth, if correct, is a contraction of حُبُس . (TA.) [From حُبْس , used as a subst., has been formed, app. in postclassical times, the pl. أَحْبَاسٌ : see De Sacy's “ Chrest. Ar., ” sec. ed., vol. i. p. 189.] حَبِيسَةٌ , also, [used as a subst.,] signifies A thing that is bequeathed, or given, unalienably, in the way of beneficence: and its pl. is حَبَائِسُ . (TA.)

Nounحُبَاسَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a dam that holds water backgenerated

And حِبَاسَةٌ, plural حُبَاسَاتٌ: see حِبْسٌ.

Show Lane's original text

and حِبَاسَةٌ : pl. حُبَاسَاتٌ : see حِبْسٌ .

Nounحَبِيسَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a thing bequeathed unalienably by way of beneficencegenerated

See حَبِيسٌ, last sentence.

Show Lane's original text

: see حَبِيسٌ , last sentence.

Nounحَبَّاسٌ1 sense

Core sense — a jailergenerated

[A jailer.]

Show Lane's original text

[ A jailer.]

Nounحَابِسٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — confining, restricting, holding backgenerated

1the Restrainer of the Elephant—حَابِسُ الفِيلِ

[Ism fāʿil of حَبَسَ: confining, restricting, or limiting.] Plural حُبَّسٌ.

An epithet applied to God, alluding to the case of Abrahah. [See Kur ch. 105.]

a skin that retains the water [and the like]—زِقٌّ حَابِسٌ

herbage that is abundant and retains the water—كَلَأْ حَابِسٌ

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