حبر

Said of handwriting, of poetry, and the like; also of language or speech, of knowledge, of pronunciation, and of a recitation — with respect to the last, meaning the voice [with which he recited].

Of the headword: and of the second form, maṣdar تَحْبيرٌ, or that form has an intensive meaning.

.

See form 1, in two places.

See form 1.

See حُبُورٌ, in two places.

Also حِبْرٌ. As says he does not know whether it is the first or the second; IAar gives both; A 'Obeyd says that some of the lawyers say the first and some the second, and that in his opinion it is the first; AHeyth says it is the first only; Th mentions only the first; Fr says it is the second only. The second is [said to be] the more chaste, because its plural is of the measure أَفْعَالٌ and not فُعُولٌ [but a plural of the latter measure is also mentioned].

Or a Christian, Jewish, or Sabean subject of a Muslim government who pays a poll-tax for his freedom and toleration, or one who, having been such, has become a Muslim; or, according to A 'Obeyd, one skilled in making language beautiful; or, according to Kaab, a good, or righteous, man.

Plural حُبُورٌ [but this is seldom used] and أَحْبَارٌ.

Ink, with which one writes; synonymous with مَدَادٌ and نِقْسٌ.

So called, according to Mohammad Ibn-Zeyd, because it is one of the means of beautifying writings; or, according to Hr, because it beautifies handwriting and makes it clear; or because of the marks that it leaves.

Plural, of paucity, أَحْبَارٌ (IDrst), and, of multitude, حُبُورٌ.

Also, [like the Hebrew and the Chaldee words,] a like; an equal; a fellow.

See حُبُورٌ.

And see حِبْرٌ.

See حَبِيرٌ.

See حِبَرَةٌ.

This is the only noun of this form besides إِبِلٌ [and a few rare dialectal variants], حِبْرٌ, حَبْرٌ, حِبِرَةٌ, حَبْرَةٌ, and حُبْرَةٌ, or حِبِرٌ; without ة [as also حِبْرٌ and حَبْرٌ] it is a plural [or rather a collective noun], and with ة it is said to be an ism waḥda.

A yellowness that mingles with the whiteness of the teeth; a yellowness of the teeth; what is termed قَلَحٌ in the teeth.

Or قَلَحٌ is when they become green; and when the crust increases so as to encroach upon the gums and make the roots of the teeth appear, this is what is termed حَفْرٌ and حَفَرٌ. Plural حُبُورٌ.

See حُبُورٌ, in three places.

See also حِبِرٌ.

See حِبِرٌ.

See حُبُورٌ.

And see also the following entry, in two places.

This word and حَبَرَةٌ: a garment of the kind called بُرْد, or a sort of بُرْد, of the fabric of El-Yemen, striped (مُنَمَّرٌ [this word may perhaps mean spotted]); a kind of garment of the fabric of El-Yemen, of cotton or linen, striped.

Plural حِبَرٌ, حِبَرَاتٌ, حَبَرٌ, and حَبَرَاتٌ [or rather حِبَرٌ and حَبَرٌ are collective nouns].

According to Lth, حبرة is not a place, nor a known thing, but only means وَشْىٌ [see حِبْرٌ]; and one says بُرْدٌ حِبَرَةٌ, بُرُودٌ حِبَرَةٌ, بُرْدُ حِبَرَةٍ, and بُرُودُ حِبَرَةٍ, just as one says ثُوْبُ قِرْمِزٍ, the word قرمز meaning a certain dye.

[The term حَبَرَةٌ is now applied in Egypt to a lady's outer covering of silk, black for the married and white for the unmarried, worn when riding and walking abroad; the black one is worn also by concubine slaves. See also حَبِيرٌ.]

See حِبِرٌ.

A seller of ink.

حَبَّارٌ is also mentioned with the same meaning, and some say that analogy is sufficient authority for it; but F disallows it.

A seller of the garments called حِبَرٌ; not حَبَّارٌ, or that form is allowable on the ground of analogy. [See حِبَرَةٌ.]

This word, and حِبْرِيرٌ, حَبَرْبَرٌ, حُبُرْبُورٌ, يَحْبُورٌ [in the CK بَحْبُورٌ], and حُبُّورٌ: the young one of the حُبَارَى.

Plural حَبَارِيرُ and حَبَابِيرُ. [See also يَحْبُورٌ below.]

See the preceding entry.

See the preceding entry.

See the preceding entry.

See حِبْرٌ.

See حِبْرٌ, in three places.

This word, and حَبْرٌ, or حِبْرٌ with kesr, and حَبَرٌ — which last occurs in a verse of El-'Ajjáj for حَبْرٌ [by poetic licence] — and حَبْرَةٌ and حَبَرَةٌ: happiness, joy, or gladness.

Or the first means cheerfulness, that is, pleasure or delight, and an expansion of the heart that shows visibly in the face, as stated under سُرُورٌ.

The same word, and حَبْرَةٌ and حَبْرٌ: a state of ease and plenty, synonymous with نَعْمَةٌ (IAth, K: [in the CK and in a manuscript copy of the K, wrongly, نِعْمَة]); or a state of complete ease and plenty; and ampleness of the circumstances of life. [See form 1.]

A garment of the kind called بُرْد, variegated, that is, striped.

[See also حِبَرَةٌ.]

J says that its alif [written ى] is not the feminine alif nor the alif of quasi-coordination, [as F says of the alif of قَبَعْثَرًى, though he finds fault with J for saying this of the alif of حُبَارَى,] the name being only composed with it, so that it is as it were a part of the word itself, which is imperfectly declinable both when determinate and when indeterminate, that is, without tenween.

But its alif is the feminine alif; for otherwise the word would be perfectly declinable, and J himself says that it is imperfectly declinable. His saying that the alif is as it were a part of the word itself is a strange expression, for which it would be hard to give an answer, and which therefore calls for no excess of blame; but “it is enough excellence in a man that his faults can be counted.”

[A species of bustard;] a certain well-known bird, of the form of the goose, dust-coloured on the head and belly, and with the back and wings mostly of the colour of the quail; or a long-necked bird of an ash colour, of the form of the goose, with a somewhat long beak, that is preyed upon but does not itself prey.

Az says that it does not drink water, and that it lays its eggs in distant sands. [The truth is that it drinks seldom: the male bird has a pouch reaching from beneath the tongue to the breast, said to be large enough to hold seven quarts of water, and some have supposed that he fills it with water for the supply of himself and his mate.]

Az further says: We used, when we journeyed, to go on through the mountains of Ed-Dahnà, and sometimes we picked up in one day between four and eight of its eggs. It lays four eggs, of a bluish colour, more delicious in taste than those of the domestic hen and than those of the ostrich.

Others say that it brings its food from a greater distance than any other bird, sometimes from a journey of many days; also that it is constantly provided with a thin excrement, or dung, which it voids upon the hawk when pursued by it, so saving itself by preventing the hawk from continuing its flight and, as some say, making its feathers drop off. Hence the proverb أَسْلَحُ مِنْ حُبَارَى [see art. سلح].

حُبَارَى is applied alike to the male and the female, and used as singular and plural; but it has plural forms, namely حُبَارَيَاتٌ and حُبَارَاتٌ. According to Sb it has not حَبَارٍ [in the TA incorrectly written حَبَارِى, as though it had the article ال prefixed to it, or were prefixed to another noun,] nor حَبَائِرُ [though both of these are mentioned as plurals of it in several of the grammars of the Arabs,] so as to distinguish between حُبَارَى and nouns of the measures فَعْلَآءُ and فِعَالَةٌ and the like.

It is said in a proverb:

[And everything certainly loves its offspring: even the bustard; and it flies by its side]. [In the TA, وَيَدِفُّ عَنَدَهْ.]

It flies by the side of its young one to teach it to fly before its wings have grown, because of its stupidity; the حبارى is specially mentioned because it is proverbial for stupidity, and yet, despite that stupidity, loves its offspring and teaches it to fly.

Another proverb is فُلَانٌ مَيِّتْ كَمَدَ الحُبَارَى [Such a one is dying with the concealed grief of the bustard]: because the حبارى moults with the other birds, but its new feathers are slow in coming, so that when the other birds fly it cannot, and it dies of concealed grief. [See also حُبْرُورٌ and يَحْبُورٌ.]

See حِبْرِىٌّ.

See حُبْرُورٌ.

A sitting-place, or a company sitting together, of wicked persons [or revellers]; from حَبَرَهُ, “it made him happy,” and the like.

This is the most approved form; محْبَرَةٌ is also a correct form, since the word denotes an instrument, though the K calls it incorrect; and so are مَحْبُرَةٌ and مَحْبُرَّةٌ, the last used by poetic licence.

The place, or earthen pot, or glass bottle, in which ink is put. Plural مَحَابِرُ.

Also, the first of these words: a thing, or things, in which happiness, joy, or gladness is usually found; women are said to be such. [A cause of happiness, joy, or gladness, in agreement with analogy: of the same class as مَجْبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ.]

See the preceding entry.

See the preceding entry.

See the preceding entry.

A man having his skin marked by the bites of fleas.

Applied to a man: [very happy, joyful, glad, or cheerful;] of the measure يَفْعُولٌ, from الحُبُورُ; also a soft, tender, or delicate man. Plural يَحَابِيرُ.

A certain bird; or the male of the حُبَارَى, or its young one. See حُبْرُورٌ.