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جَهِلَ

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Form 1جَهِلَ2 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُجَََهَmaṣdarجَهْلٌ

Core sense — he was ignorant of it; he acted foolishlygenerated

1.1he was ignorant; he was ignorant of it, he did not know it—جَهِلَهُ

The same is said of جَهِلَ بِهِ [and مِنْهُ ].; maṣdar جَهْلٌ, جَهَالَةٌ, and جُهُولِيَّهٌ.

He was marked by جَهْل in any of the senses given to that word below. The opposite of عَلِمَهُ.

The like of me will not be ignorant of the like of you—مِثْلِى لَا يَجْهَلُ مِثْلَكَ
he acted in an ignorant, silly, or foolish manner towards another; and wrongly—جَهِلَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ
he was ignorant, or silly, or foolish, in his opinion or judgement—جَهِلَ فُلَانٌ رَأْيَهُ

The same as سَفِهَ رَأُيَهُ.

he neglected the truth, or the right, or a due; or he ignored it—جَهِلَ الحَقَّ

Synonymous with أَضَاعَهُ. See also Form 6.

1.1.1figurative · مجازthe cooking-pot boiled violently—جَهِلَتِ القِدْرُ

The opposite of تَحَلَّمَت.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 2 shown of 5
27:55
أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ ٱلرِّجَالَ شَهْوَةً مِّن دُونِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ ۚ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ

Would ye really approach men in your lusts rather than women? Nay, ye are a people (grossly) ignorant!

46:23
قَالَ إِنَّمَا ٱلْعِلْمُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُم مَّآ أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِۦ وَلَـٰكِنِّىٓ أَرَىٰكُمْ قَوْمًا تَجْهَلُونَ

He said: "The Knowledge (of when it will come) is only with Allah: I proclaim to you the mission on which I have been sent: But I see that ye are a people in ignorance!"..

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
; (S;) and جَهِلَهُ , (Sh, Msb, K,) and جَهِلَ بِهِ (JK) [and مِنْهُ (see جَاهِلٌ )]; aor. جَََهَ , (K,) inf. n. جَهْلٌ and جَهَالَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُهُولِيَّهٌ ; (TA;) He was ignorant; (S;) he was characterized by جَهْل in any of the senses assigned to this word below: (TA:) and he was ignorant of it; he did not know it; (Sh, JK, Msb, K;) contr. of عَلِمَهُ . (Msb, K.) You say, مِثْلِى لَا يَجْهَلُ مِثْلَكَ The like of me will not be ignorant of the like of thee. (Sh, TA.) And جَهِلَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ He acted in an ignorant or a silly or foolish manner towards another: and wrongly. (Msb.) And جَهِلَ فُلَانٌ رَأْيَهُ [i. q. سَفِهَ رَأُيَهُ , He was ignorant, or silly, or foolish, in his opinion, or judgment]. (Sh, TA.) And جَهِلَ الحَقَّ He neglected the truth, or the right, or due; [or he ignored it;] syn. أَضَاعَهُ . (Msb.) See also 6. جَهِلَتِ القِدْرُ The cooking-pot boiled vehemently; contr. of تَحَلَّمَت . (TA.)
Form 2جهّلهُ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَجْهِيلٌ

Core sense — he attributed ignorance to him; he made him fall into ignorancegenerated

2.1

He attributed to him جَهْل [or ignorance, etc.]..

2.1.1

And he caused him to fall into جَهْل.

Show Lane's original text
, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْهِيلٌ , (S, K,) He attributed to him جَهْل [or ignorance, &c.]. (S, Msb, K.) And He caused him to fall into جَهْل . (TA.)
Form 3مُجَاهَلَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — acting with levity, and foolishly, with someonegenerated

3.1

Acting with levity, and in an ignorant, silly, or foolish manner, with someone.

[One says جاهلهُ, meaning he acted in this way with him.]

Show Lane's original text
The acting with levity, and in an ignorant or a silly or foolish manner, with any one. (KL.) [You say, جاهلهُ , meaning He so acted with him.]
Form 6تجاهل1 sense

Core sense — he feigned ignorancegenerated

6.1he feigned ignorance [to him]—جَهِلَ عَلَيْهِ

He made a false show of جَهْل [or ignorance, etc.].

Show Lane's original text
He feigned, or made a false show of, جَهْل [or ignorance, &c.]. (S, K.) And جَهِلَ عَلَيْهِ He feigned ignorance [to him]. (K.)
Form 10استجهلهُ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he reckoned him ignorant; he stirred him to levitygenerated

10.1

He reckoned him, or esteemed him, جَاهِل [or ignorant, etc.].

10.1.1

He, or it, stirred him to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness.

10.1.2figurative · مجازthe wind put the branch into a state of commotion—اِسْتجْهَلَتِ الرِّيحُ الغُصْنَ
Show Lane's original text
He reckoned him, or esteemed him, جَاهِل [or ignorant, &c.]. (S, TA.) He, or it, excited him to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness. (S, K.) اِسْتجْهَلَتِ الرِّيحُ الغُصْنَ The wind put the branch into a state of commotion. (K, TA.)

Derived nouns 14

Nounجَهْلٌ1 sense

Core sense — ignorance; silliness, or foolishness; wrong conductgenerated

1[Doubt is ignorance enough]—كَفِى بِالشَّكِّ جُهْلًا

A maṣdar of Form 1: ignorance, the opposite of عِلْمٌ; [and silliness, or foolishness: and wrong conduct: (see Form 1:)].

Said in a proverb.

[Among the kinds of knowledge there is what is ignorance]—إِنَّ مِنَ العِلْمِ جَهْلًا

Said in a tradition.

This means learning what is not needed and neglecting what is needed; or a learned man's pretending to a knowledge of what he does not know.

on this sense It is of two kinds: simple, which is the absence of knowledge of what should be known; and compound, which is a firm belief that does not agree with the fact. So according to Ibn-El-Kemál.

on this sense Er-Rāghib: it is of three kinds — the mind's being empty of knowledge, which is the primary meaning; believing a thing to be other than it is; and doing a thing in a way other than it should be done.

on this sense El-Harállee: proceeding in doubtful affairs without knowledge.

Show Lane's original text
an inf. n. of 1: Ignorance; contr. of عِلْمٌ : (S, Msb, * K: *) [and silliness, or foolishness: and wrong conduct: (see 1:)] it is of two kinds; namely, simple, which is the non-existence of knowledge of that which should be known; and compound, which is a decisive belief not agreeable with the fact, or reality: so accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, it is of three kinds; namely, the mind's voidness of knowledge, which is the primary meaning; and the believing a thing to be different from what it is; and the doing a thing in a manner different from that in which it ought to be done: or, accord. to El-Harállee, the proceeding in dubious affairs without knowledge. (TA.) It is said in a prov., كَفِى بِالشَّكِّ جُهْلًا [Doubt is sufficient ignorance]. (Msb.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ العِلْمِ جَهْلًا [Verily there is, among the kinds of knowledge, what is ignorance]: this is one's learning what is not requisite, and neglecting what is requisite; or a learned man's affecting, or pretending, a knowledge of that which he does not know. (TA.)
Nounجَهِلَأءُ1 sense

Core sense — ignorant, foolishgenerated

1

See الجَاهِلِيَّةُ.

جَهُولٌ: see what follows.

Show Lane's original text
: see الجَاهِلِيَّةُ . : جَهُولٌ see what next follows.
Nounجَاهِلٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — ignorant; foolish in conduct; wrong in conductgenerated

1The ignorant of their [real] state [would reckon them possessed of competence]—يَحْسِبُهُمُ الجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَ

This word and جَهُولٌ, the latter with an intensive meaning: ignorant; silly, or foolish, in conduct; and wrong in conduct. [Marked by جَهْل in any of the senses given to that word above.]

Plural جُهَّالٌ, جُهْلٌ, جُهُلٌ, جُهَّلٌ, and جُهَلَآءُ; see جَاهِلِىٌّ.

he is ignorant of him, or it, or of his, or its, state or condition—هُوَ جَاهِلٌ مِنْهُ

The first of these two adjectives is mostly used in blame, but sometimes not.

As in the saying in the Qur'ān 2:274.

That is, هو جاهل بِهِ.

digitisation corrected يَحْسِبُهُمُ الجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَ for يَجْسِبُهُمُ الجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَQur'an 2:273, يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ. ج for ح is an undotted-letter error; يجسب is not a word. Lane's kasra on the sin is KEPT -- يَحْسِبُ is the reading of Ibn Kathir and Abu Amr, so only the ج is changed.
Qur’ān 2:273 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur ii. 274”
Qur’ān 2:273 Lane quotes this verse
لِلْفُقَرَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ ٱلْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَ مِنَ ٱلتَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُم بِسِيمَـٰهُمْ لَا يَسْـَٔلُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا ۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ

(Charity is) for those in need, who, in Allah's cause are restricted (from travel), and cannot move about in the land, seeking (For trade or work): the ignorant man thinks, because of their modesty, that they are free from want. Thou shalt know them by their (Unfailing) mark: They beg not importunately from all the sundry. And whatever of good ye give, be assured Allah knoweth it well.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1the lion that is ignorant of the prey—الجَاهِلُ

[In the CK, وَالجَاهِلُ الاَسَدُ is a mistake for وَالجَاهِلُ الأَسَدُ.]

Qur’ānic occurrences جَاهِل 2 shown of 10
7:199
خُذِ ٱلْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِٱلْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ ٱلْجَـٰهِلِينَ

Hold to forgiveness; command what is right; But turn away from the ignorant.

39:64
قُلْ أَفَغَيْرَ ٱللَّهِ تَأْمُرُوٓنِّىٓ أَعْبُدُ أَيُّهَا ٱلْجَـٰهِلُونَ

Say: "Is it some one other than Allah that ye order me to worship, O ye ignorant ones?"

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
and جَهُولٌ , [but the latter has an intensive signification,] Ignorant: (Msb, K:) and silly, or foolish, in conduct: and wrong in conduct: (Msb:) [characterized by جَهْل in any of the senses assigned to this word above:] pl. جُهَّالٌ (K, KL) and جُهْلٌ and جُهُلٌ and جُهَّلٌ and جُهَلَآءُ : (K:) see جَاهِلِىٌّ . The former epithet is mostly used in dispraise: but sometimes not in dispraise; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 274], يَجْسِبُهُمُ الجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَ i. e., The ignorant of their [real] state [would reckon them possessed of competence]. (TA.) هُوَ جَاهِلٌ مِنْهُ means هو جاهل بِهِ , (K, TA,) i. e., He is ignorant [of him, or it, or] of his, or its, state, or condition. (TA.) الجَاهِلُ The lion (K, TA) that is ignorant of the prey. (TA.) [In the CK, وَالجَاهِلُ الاَسَدُ is a mistake for وَالجَاهِلُ الأَسَدُ .]
Nounجَيْهَلُ2 senses

Core sense — a piece of wood for stirring coals; great, said of a smooth rockgenerated

1

See جَيْهَلَةٌ.

2

Also great, as an adjective applied to a smooth rock.

Show Lane's original text
: see جَيْهَلَةٌ . Also Great as an epithet applied to a smooth rock ( صَفَاةٌ ). (K.)
Nounجَيْهَلَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a piece of wood with which one stirs burning coals, or winegenerated

1

This word, and جَيْهَلٌ, مِجْهَلٌ, and مِجْهَلَةٌ: a piece of wood with which one stirs live, or burning, coals, or wine. Of the dialect of El-Yemen.

Show Lane's original text
(IDrd, JK, K) and جَيْهَلٌ and مِجْهَلٌ (IDrd, K) and مِجْهَلَةٌ (K) A piece of wood with which one stirs live, or burning, coals ( جَمْر ), (JK, K, TA,) or wine ( خَمْر ); (so in some copies of the K;) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.)
Nounجَاهِلِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — a pagan Arab; a pagan poet of the earliest classgenerated

1

[A pagan; a pagan Arab; one of those called collectively الجَاهِليَّةٌ, and sometimes مُخَضُرَمُون, plural of شَاهِدٌ; and particularly, a pagan poet;] a poet of the first, or earliest, of the four classes ranked in chronological order — the class next succeeded by the مُخَضْرَمُون.

Mz, 49th نوع. [See also شَاهِدٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
[A pagan; a pagan Arab; one of those who are called collectively الجَاهِليَّةٌ ; and sometimes مُخَضُرَمُون , pl. of شَاهِدٌ : and particularly, a pagan poet;] a poet of the first, or earliest, of the four classes which are ranked in chronological order; of the class which was succeeded next by the مُخَضْرَمُون . (Mz, 49th نوع .) [See also شَاهِدٌ .]
Nounالجَاهِلِيَّةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the time, or state, of paganism, or of intense ignorancegenerated

1

See the entry just before this.

1.1[That was in the time, or state, of paganism, or of intense ignorance]—كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى الجَاهِلِيَّةِ الجَهْلَآءِ

[Also, or] الجَاهِلِيَّةُ الجَهْلَآءُ, in which the second word is intensive, as in لَيْلَةٌ لَيْلَآءُ and the like: [the time, or state, of ignorance, or paganism; or of intense ignorance;] the time of the فَتْرَة [or the cessation of the mission of apostles and the effacement of the signs of their religion].

Show Lane's original text
: see what next precedes. [Also, or] الجَاهِلِيَّةُ الجَهْلَآءُ , (JK, S, K,) in which the latter word is a corroborative, (S, K,) as in لَيْلَةٌ لَيْلَآءُ &c., (S,) [The time, or state, of ignorance, or paganism; or of intense ignorance;] the time of the فَتْرَة [or cessation of the mission of apostles, and of the effacement of the signs of their religion]. (JK.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى الجَاهِلِيَّةِ الجَهْلَآءِ [That was in the time, or state, of paganism, or of intense ignorance]. (S.)
Nounمَجْهَلٌ1 sense

Core sense — a land in which there are no signs of the waygenerated

1a land in which there are no signs of the way—أَرْضٌ مَجْهَلٌ

Er-Rāghib: an affair, event, or case, a land, and a habit, property, quality, practice, or action, that leads a man to believe a thing to be other than it is.

A desert in which there are no signs of the way.

According to the K it has neither dual nor plural; but it has both, as 'Iyáḍ and others have stated.

Or a land in which one will not go aright except by the [signs of the way called] آرَام. Plural مَجَاهِلُ, which is the opposite of مَعَالِمُ.

Show Lane's original text
An affair, or an event, or a case, and a land, and a habit, a property, a quality, a practice, or an action, that induces a man to believe a thing to be different from what it is. (Er-Rághib, TA.) A desert ( مَفَازَةٌ ) in which are no signs of the way. (S.) And أَرْضٌ مَجْهَلٌ A land in which are no signs of the way: (TA:) or in which one will not go aright (K, TA) unless by means of the [signs of the way called] آرَام : (TA:) pl. مَجَاهِلُ , which is the contr. of مَعَالِمُ : (TA:) accord. to the K, it has neither dual nor pl.; but it has both, as 'Iyád and others have affirmed. (MF, TA.)
Nounمِجْهَلٌ1 sense

Core sense — a land in which there are no signs of the waygenerated

1

See جَيْهَلَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see جَيْهَلَةٌ .
Nounمَجْهَلَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a thing that incites one to foolish, or wrong, conductgenerated

1[Children are a cause of silly, or foolish, conduct]—الوَلَدُ مَجْهَلَةٌ

[A cause of, or an incitement to, ignorant, silly, foolish, or wrong, conduct;] a thing that incites one to الجَهْل.

Hence this saying.

Show Lane's original text
[A cause of, or an incitement to, ignorant, silly, foolish, or wrong, conduct;] a thing that incites one to الجَهْل . (S, K.) Hence the saying, الوَلَدُ مَجْهَلَةٌ [Children are a cause of silly, or foolish, conduct]. (S.)
Nounمِجْهَلَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a thing that incites one to foolish, or wrong, conductgenerated

1

See جَيْهَلَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see جَيْهَلَةٌ .
Nounمِجْهَالٌ1 sense

Core sense — a she-camel light, brisk, or quick in her pacegenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A she-camel light, brisk, or quick in her pace, or going.

Show Lane's original text
A she-camel light, brisk, or agile, in her pace, or going. (TA.)
Nounمَجْهُولٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — unknown; a she-camel never milked; the passive voicegenerated

1[I ventured upon crossing the desert in spite of its unknown character]—رَكِبْتُ المَفَازَةٌ عَلَى مَجْهُولِهَا

[Unknown.]

1.1

A man of unknown origin. A book of unknown authorship.

1.2

In grammar, the passive voice.

1.3figurative · مجازa she-camel that has never been milked—نَاقَةٌ مَجْهُولَةٌ

Or one that has no brand on her; and also a she-camel that has never conceived.

Show Lane's original text
[Unknown]. You say, رَكِبْتُ المَفَازَةٌ عَلَى مَجْهُولِهَا [I ventured upon traversing the desert notwithstanding its unknown character]. (S, TA.) [A man of unknown origin. A book of unknown authorship. In grammar, The passive voice.] نَاقَةٌ مَجْهُولَةٌ A she-camel that has never been milked: or that has no brand upon her: (K, TA:) and a she-camel that has never conceived. (Z, TA.)
Nounمُسْتَجْهِلٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who feigns ignorance, or who reckons another ignorantgenerated

1

Making himself like the جَاهِل [or ignorant; feigning himself ignorant]; or reckoning, or esteeming, جَاهِل.

Show Lane's original text
Making himself like the جَاهِل [or ignorant; feigning himself ignorant]: or reckoning, or esteeming, جَاهِل . (Har p. 572.)