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جنف

Form 1 · Form 3 · Form 4  ·  10 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 2

Form 1جَنَفٌ2 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُmaṣdarجَنَفٌ جُنُوفٌ

Core sense — deviating from the right course; acting unjustly; depression in one side of the chestgenerated

1.1inclining, or declining, in speech and in all matters; deviating from the right course; acting wrongfully or unjustly—جُنُوفٌ

The headword is the maṣdar of جَنِفَ, and the other word the maṣdar of جَنَفَ.

Like حَيْفٌ, which some wrongly claim is said of a judge only.

he inclined, or declined; he deviated from the right course; he acted wrongfully or unjustly—جَنِفَ

and apparently also جَنَفَ; and اجنف.

عَلَيْهِ against him.

an inclining to a wrong course, or a declining from the right course—فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا

In the Qur'ān 2:178: and he who fears — or, as said in the K under art. خوف, knows — on the part of the testator, an inclining or a declining. Er-Rāghib: an inclining to a wrong course, or a declining from the right course; or a clear inclining or declining.

he inclined, or declined, in his testament—جَنِفَ فِى وَصِيَّتِهِ

and so اجنف.

he deviated from what was right—اجنف
he declined from the right course, or acted wrongfully or unjustly, in his judgment—اجنف فِى حُكْمِهِ

Or اجنف belongs only to the case of a testament, while جَنِفَ means, without restriction, he declined, or deviated, from what was right.

he turned away from his course, or way; he deviated from it—جَنِفَ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ

also جَنَفَ; the belongs to the first verb and جُنُوفٌ to the second.

1.1.1depression in one of the two sides of the chest, the other side being even—جَنَفٌ

The "Or" that introduces this is apparently a mistake for "and".

The depression is دُخُولٌ and اِنْهِضَامٌ; the side of the chest is الزَّوْرِ.

The verb is جَنِفَ; the ism fāʿil is جَنِفٌ and أَجْنَفُ, the feminine of the latter being جَنْفَآءُ.

Show Lane's original text
(T, S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and جُنُوفٌ , (K,) the former being inf. n. of جَنِفَ and the latter of جَنَفَ , (TA,) The act of inclining, or declining (T, S, Mgh, K, TA) in speech and in all affairs: (TA:) and declining, or deviating, from the right course; acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (T, Msb, * K, TA;) like حَيْفٌ , which some erroneously assert to be the act of a judge only. (T, TA.) You say, جَنِفَ , (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. جَنَفَ , inf. n. جَنَفٌ ; (S, Msb;) [and app. جَنَفَ , aor. جَنِفَ , inf. n. جُنُوفٌ ;] and اجنف ; (T, Msb, TA;) He inclined or declined [in speech and in any affair]: (T, S, TA:) and he declined, or deviated, from the right course; acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (T, Mgh, Msb, TA;) عَلَيْهِ against him. (Mgh.) Hence, in the Kur [ii. 178], فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا (S, TA,) i. e. [And he who feareth, (or, as is said in the K in art. خوف , knoweth,) from, or on the part of, the testator,] an inclining [to a wrong course], or a declining [from the right course]: (TA:) or a manifest inclining or declining. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, جَنِفَ فِى وَصِيَّتِهِ , aor. جَنَفَ ; [He inclined, &c., in his testament;] and so اجنف . (K.) And اجنف signifies He deviated from that which was right. (K.) And اجنف فِى حُكْمِهِ [He declined from the right course, or acted wrongfully or unjustly, in his judgment]. (TA.) Or اجنف relates peculiarly to the case of a testament: and جَنِفَ signifies absolutely He declined, or deviated, from that which was right. (K.) And you say, جَنِفَ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ , aor. جَنَفَ ; and جَنَفَ , aor. جَنِفَ ; inf. n. جَنَفٌ , (K, TA,) which is of the former verb, (TA,) and جُنُوفٌ , (K, TA,) which is of the latter verb; He turned away from his course, or way; deviated therefrom. (TA.) Or [app. a mistake for “and ”] جَنَفٌ signifies Depression ( دُخُولٌ and اِنْهِضَامٌ ) in one of the two sides of the breast, or chest, ( الزَّوْرِ ,) with evenness of the other side: (K:) the verb is جَنِفَ : and the part. n. is جَنِفٌ and أَجْنَفُ , fem. [of the latter] جَنْفَآءُ . (TA.)
Form 3جنَافٌ1 sense

Core sense — persisting in keeping oneself at a distance from one's familygenerated

3.1he persisted in keeping himself at a distance from his family—لَجَّ فِى جِنَافٍ قَبِيحٍ

A maṣdar whose verb is not mentioned.

Abu Zeyd's contemporary Aboo-Saʿeed says this is like جِنَابٍ قَبِيحٍ.

Show Lane's original text
[an inf. n. of which the verb ( جانف ) is not mentioned]. You say, لَجَّ فِى جِنَافٍ قَبِيحٍ He persisted in removing himself to a distance, or estranging himself, from his family; (Aboo-Sa'eed, K;) like جِنَابٍ قَبِيحٍ . (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.)
Form 4اجنف3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he inclined to a wrong course, he declined from the right course, acting unjustlygenerated

4.1

He committed an act of inclining to a wrong course, or of declining from the right course, or of acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; just as one says أَلَامَ, meaning "he did a thing for which he should be blamed".

See also form 1, in five places.

4.2he found him to deviate from the right way in his judgment—اجنفهُ
he carried himself in a proud and self-conceited manner in his gait—تجانف فِى مِشْيَتِهِ

That is, one who acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically in it.

In the text the middle characters of this word are unclear.

[Affecting an inclining of the body from side to side.]

[And he inclined on one side in his gait: said of one who is lame in one leg: see مَحْرُوقٌ.]

4.2.1he purposely declined, or deviated, from his course, or way—تجانف عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ

Synonym تَمَايَلَ.

he intentionally inclined to the thing—تجانف إِلَى الشَّىْءِ
he inclined to a sin, intending to commit an act of disobedience—تجانف لِإِثْمٍ
Show Lane's original text
He committed an act of inclining [to a wrong course], or declining [from the right course, or acting wrongfully or unjustly or injuriously or tyrannically]; like as you say, أَلَامَ , meaning “he did a thing for which he should be blamed.” (S.) See also 1, in five places. اجنفهُ He found him to be one who deviated from the right way in his judgment; who acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, therein. (K.) تجانف فِى مِشْيَتِهِ In the text, the characters between ت and ن are unclear. He carried himself in a proud and self-conceited manner, [affecting an inclining of the body from side to side,] in his gait. (TA.) [And He inclined on one side in his gait: said of one who is lame of one leg: see مَحْرُوقٌ .] تجانف عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ He affected a declining, or deviating, from his course, or way; he purposely declined, or deviated, therefrom; (K, * TA;) syn. تَمَايَلَ . (K.) And in like manner, تجانف إِلَى الشَّىْءِ [He affected an inclining to the thing; intentionally inclined to it]. (TA.) You say, تجانف لِإِثْمٍ He inclined to a sin, (S, Mgh,) [or affected an inclining to it, (see the part. n., below,)] intending, or purposing, the commission of an act of disobedience. (Mgh.)

Derived nouns 7

Nounجَنَفَ1 sense

Core sense — inclining to a wrong course; acting wrongfully or unjustlygenerated

1

An adjective like دَنَفَ, used of a singular and of a plural; it is also a maṣdar [of جَنِفَ].

Abu-l-ʿIyál El-Hudhalee says: [Why did you not repel the adversaries, when you saw them inclining, or acting wrongfully, against me with tongues and eyes?]

shāhid
أَلَّا دَرَأْتَ الخَصْمَ حِينَ رَأَيْتُهُمْجَنَفًا عَلَىَّ بِأَلْسُنٍ وَعُيُونِ

Or, according to one reading, جُنُفًا, which is a plural of جَانِفٌ.

Or, as some say, جَنَفًا is a plural — or rather an ism jamʿ — of جَانِفٌ, as رَوَحَ is of رَائِحٌ; or it may stand for ذَوِي جَنَفٍ.

Qur’ānic occurrences جَنَف
2:182
فَمَنْ خَافَ مِن مُّوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَآ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

But if anyone fears partiality or wrong-doing on the part of the testator, and makes peace between (The parties concerned), there is no wrong in him: For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
is [an epithet] like دَنَفَ , applying to a sing. and a pl., [being] also an inf. n. [of جَنِفَ , q. v.]: Abu-l-'Iyál El-Hudhalee says, 1 [Wherefore didst not thou repel the adversaries, when thou sawest them inclining, or acting wrongfully, against me with tongues and eyes?]: or, accord. to one reading, جُنُفًا [which is a pl. of جَانِفٌ ]: (Skr p. 128:) [or, as some say,] جَنَفًا is a pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] of جَانِفٌ , like as رَوَحَ is of رَائِحٌ : or it may be for ذَوِي جَنَفٍ . (TA.) أَلَّا دَرَأْتَ الخَصْمَ حِينَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ | جَنَفًا عَلَىَّ بِأَلْسُنٍ وَعُيُونِ
Nounجَنِفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — inclining to a wrong course; deviating from what is rightgenerated

1

See أَجْنَفُ, in two places.

1.1

And see also form 1, last sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see أَجْنَفُ , in two places: and see also 1, last sentence.
Nounجُنَافِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who carries himself proudly, with an inclining of the body from side to sidegenerated

1

One who carries himself in a proud and self-conceited manner, with an inclining of the body from side to side.

Golius, copied here by Freytag, appears to have read مُحْتَال, with the unpointed ح.

Or one who affects an inclining of the body from side to side in his gait, and carries himself proudly and self-conceitedly in it.

Show Lane's original text
One who carries himself in a proud and self-conceited manner, ( مُخْتَال , [for which Golius, here copied by Freytag, appears to have read مُحْتَال , with the unpointed ح ,]) with an inclining [of the body from side to side]: (Sh, K:) or one who affects an inclining [of the body from side to side] ( يَتَجَانَفُ ) in his gait, and carries himself in a proud and self-conceited manner therein. (TA.)
Nounجَانِفٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who inclines to a wrong course, deviating from what is rightgenerated

1

See أَجْنَفُ; and see also جَنَفٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see أَجْنَفُ ; and see also جَنَفٌ , in two places.
Nounأَجْنَفُ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — inclining to a wrong course, acting unjustly in his testament; big, said of a bowlgenerated

1he found him to deviate from the right way in his judgment, acting wrongfully in it—صَادَفَهُ جَنِفًا فِى حُكْمِهِ

Feminine جَنْفَآءُ.

Inclining to a wrong course, or declining from the right course, or acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically — either without restriction, as also جَنِفٌ, جَانِفٌ and مِجْنَفٌ, or particularly in his testament.

an adversary who inclines to a wrong course, or who acts wrongfully or unjustly—خَصْمٌ مِجْنَفٌ
1.1

Inclining, or pendulous; applied to a penis.

1.2

Having a bending back; said of a man.

1.3

See also form 1, last sentence.

1.4

Big, or large; said of a bowl.

Show Lane's original text
[fem. جَنْفَآءُ ] Inclining [to a wrong course], or declining [from the right course], or acting wrongfully or unjustly, [absolutely, as also جَنِفٌ and جَانِفٌ and مِجْنَفٌ , or peculiarly] in his testament. (K.) You say, صَادَفَهُ جَنِفًا فِى حُكْمِهِ [He found him to be one who deviated from the right way in his judgment; who acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, therein]. (K.) And خَصْمٌ مِجْنَفٌ An adversary who inclines [to a wrong course], or declines [from the right course]; (K;) who acts wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically. (TA.) Inclining; [or pendulous;] applied to a penis. (TA.) Having a bending back; (S, K;) applied to a man. (S.) See also 1, last sentence. Big, or large; applied to a bowl ( قَدَح ). (TA.)
Nounمِجْنَفٌ1 sense

Core sense — inclining, or deviating, from the right coursegenerated

1

See أَجْنَفُ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see أَجْنَفُ , in two places.
Nounغَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ1 sense

Core sense — not inclining to sin, not intending itgenerated

1

In the Qur'ān 5:5, this means: not affecting an inclining to sin; not intending or purposing it.

Show Lane's original text
, in the Kur [v. 5], means Not affecting an inclining to sin; intending, or purposing, it. (Msb, TA.)