جفأ

Form 1 · Form 4 · Form 8 · 4 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 1

Form 1جَفَأَ5 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarجَفْءٌ

Core sense — it cast forth froth; he turned the cooking-pot upside down; he threw him downgenerated

1it cast forth froth, or foam, and particles of rubbish—اجفأ

Said of a valley [flowing with water]. This verb is said in the O to be of weak authority.

the cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam, in boiling—جَفَأَتِ القِدْرُ

the cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam, in boiling—اجفأت

it cast forth its froth, or foam—جفأت بِزَبَدِهَا

Er-Rāghib: originally جَفَت and اجفت, without ء, in the article جفو.

2he swept off the scum and rubbish of the valley—جَفَأَ الوَادِى

Said of a man; also جَفَأَ الغُثَآءَ عَنِ الوَادِى. This is after the valley had flowed, or while it was flowing, with water.

he cleared off the froth, or foam, of the cooking-pot—جَفَأَ القِدْرَ

2.1he turned the cooking-pot upside down, or inclined it, and poured out what was in it—جَفَأَ القِدْرَ

Or: he emptied the cooking-pot and turned it upside down.

Maṣdar as above; so S, and Z in the Fāʾiq. Also أَجْفَأَهَاس, according to Z in the same place, but the former is the form commonly known; the latter is rare, or should not be said, though it occurs in a tradition according to one relation.

he turned the cooking-pot upside down upon the bowl—جَفَأَ البُرْمَةَ فِى القَصْعَةِ

2.2he threw him down on the ground—جَفَأَهُ

It is like حَفَأَهُ; said of a man.

he threw him down on the ground—جَفَأَ بِهِ الأَرْضَ

he threw him, or it, on the ground—اجفأ بِهِ

This may signify the same as the two above.

2.3

See also form 8.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, K,) aor. جَفَاَ , (K,) inf. n. جَفْءٌ , (S,) It (a valley [flowing with water]) cast forth froth, or foam, (S, K,) and particles of rubbish or refuse; (S;) as also اجفأ ; (K;) but this latter is said in the O to be of weak authority. (TA.) And جَفَأَتِ القِدْرُ , and اجفأت , The cooking-pot cast forth its froth, or foam, (S, K,) in boiling: (S:) or جفأت بِزَبَدِهَا it cast forth its froth, or foam: (Ham p. 132:) originally جَفَت and اجفت , without ء . (Er-Rághib, TA in art. جفو .) جَفَأَ الوَادِى , (K,) or جَفَأَ الغُثَآءَ عَنِ الوَادِى , (IAar, O,) He (a man, IAar, O) swept off the scum and rubbish of the valley [after it had flowed, or while it was flowing, with water]. (IAar, O, K.) And جَفَأَ القِدْرَ He cleared off the froth, or foam, of the cooking-pot. (K, TA.) Also جَفَأَ القِدْرَ , (S, Z in the Fáïk, TA,) inf. n. as above; (S, TA;) and أَجْفَأَهَاس ; (Z ubi suprà, TA;) but the former is that which is commonly known; (ISd, TA;) the latter is rare; (IAth, TA:) or the latter should not be said, though it occurs in a trad., (S, TA, *) accord. to one relation; (TA;) He turned the cooking-pot upsidedown, or inclined it, (S, Z ubi suprà, TA,) and poured out what was in it: (S:) or he emptied the cooking-pot, and turned it upside-down: (TA:) and جَفَأَ البُرْمَةَ فِى القَصْعَةِ He turned the cookingpot upside-down upon the bowl. (K.) جَفَأَهُ , (S, K,) [like حَفَأَهُ ,] and جَفَأَ بِهِ الأَرْضَ , (TA,) He threw him down, or prostrated him, on the ground: (S, K, TA;) namely, a man: (S:) and اجفأ بِهِ [signifies the same; or] he threw him, or it, (K, TA,) on the ground. (TA.) See also 8.

Form 4أَجْفَاَ1 sense

Core sense — it cast forth froth, or foam; he turned the cooking-pot upside downgenerated

4.1

See form 1, in four places.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in four places.

Form 8اجتفأ1 sense

Core sense — he pulled up, or uprooted, plants or trees; he cut a plantgenerated

8.1he pulled up, or uprooted, and threw away a thing, or plants, or trees—جَفَأَ

Of herbs such as are termed بَقْل; but see احتفى.

Muḍāriʿ and maṣdar as above.

Or both verbs signify: he cut a plant, or herb.

Show Lane's original text

He pulled, or plucked, up, or out, or he uprooted, (S, K,) and threw down, or away, a thing, (S,) or plants, or herbs, such as are termed بَقْل , (K,) and trees; (TA;) [but see احتفى ;] as also جَفَأَ , (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above: (TA:) [or] both signify he cut a plant, or herb. (IAar, Nh.)

Derived nouns 1

Nounجُفَآءٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — froth, or foam, cast forth by a torrent; something worthless; an empty shipgenerated

What is cast forth by a torrent [of froth, or foam, and particles of rubbish]: the froth, or foam, thrown out by a valley flowing with water, and by a cooking-pot in boiling.

1.1a thing that is worthless, useless, or unprofitable—بَاطِلٌ

now as to the froth, or scum, it passes away as a thing that is worthless, or unprofitable, and is thrown away—فَأَمَّا الزَّبَدُ فَيَذْهَبُ جُفَآءً

So used because it is likened to the froth, or foam, of the cooking-pot, of which no use is made.

In the Qur'ān 13:18; the meaning is بَاطِلًا.

the froth, or scum, passed away, driven from its water—ذَهَبَ الزَّبَدُ جُفَآءً

1.2the first, or foremost, of the men or people—جُفَآءٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ

Occurring in a tradition, and so explained by IAth, as سَرَعَانُهُمْ. But Bkh and Muslim read أَخِفَّآءُ, plural of خَفِيفٌ, instead of جفاء.

Also an empty ship, like جُفَايَةٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences جُفَآء

13:17

أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَسَالَتْ أَوْدِيَةٌۢ بِقَدَرِهَا فَٱحْتَمَلَ ٱلسَّيْلُ زَبَدًا رَّابِيًا ۚ وَمِمَّا يُوقِدُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِى ٱلنَّارِ ٱبْتِغَآءَ حِلْيَةٍ أَوْ مَتَـٰعٍ زَبَدٌ مِّثْلُهُۥ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضْرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْحَقَّ وَٱلْبَـٰطِلَ ۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلزَّبَدُ فَيَذْهَبُ جُفَآءً ۖ وَأَمَّا مَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ فَيَمْكُثُ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضْرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْأَمْثَالَ

He sends down water from the skies, and the channels flow, each according to its measure: But the torrent bears away to foam that mounts up to the surface. Even so, from that (ore) which they heat in the fire, to make ornaments or utensils therewith, there is a scum likewise. Thus doth Allah (by parables) show forth Truth and Vanity. For the scum disappears like forth cast out; while that which is for the good of mankind remains on the earth. Thus doth Allah set forth parables.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

What is cast forth [of froth, or foam, and particles of rubbish or refuse, (see 1,)] by a torrent: (ISk, S:) the froth, or foam, cast forth by a valley [flowing with water]; and by a cooking-pot, (K, TA,) in boiling. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to the froth, or foam, of the cooking-pot, of which no use is made, (Fr, TA,) i. q. بَاطِلٌ [meaning A thing that is worthless, useless, or unprofitable]. (Fr, K, TA.) It is said in the Kur [xiii. 18], فَأَمَّا الزَّبَدُ فَيَذْهَبُ جُفَآءً , meaning بَاطِلًا [i. e. Now as to the froth, or scum, it passeth away as a thing that is worthless, or useless, or unprofitable], (Fr, S, Jel, TA,) and thrown away. (Jel.) You say also, ذَهَبَ الزَّبَدُ جُفَآءً , meaning [The froth, or scum, passed away] driven from its water. (TA.) جُفَآءٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ , occurring in a trad., is explained by IAth as meaning The first, or foremost, of the men or people ( سَرَعَانُهُمْ ): but Bkh and Muslim read (instead of جفاء ) أَخِفَّآءُ , pl. of خَفِيفٌ . (TA.) Also, [like جُفَايَةٌ ,] An empty ship. (O, K.)