جرف

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Form 1جَرَفَهُ4 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarجَرْفٌ

Core sense — he took away the whole of it; he swept it away; he scooped it upgenerated

1.1carrying away wholly—تَجْرِيفٌ

He took away, carried away, or removed the whole of it, or the greater part of it, or much of it.; maṣdar جَرْفٌ and جَرْفَةٌ.

[In like manner جرّفهُ is used as its maṣdar.]

he took the whole of it—اجترفهُ

In art. جفت.

1.1.1figurative · مجازhe swept the mud away from the surface of the earth—جرّفهُ

He swept it away, namely mud, from the surface of the earth.

Maṣdar تَجْرِيفٌ and تجرّفهُ.

clearing away mud or the like well—تَجْرِيفٌ

In Persian, نيك رنديدن.

[Golius, apparently misled by a miscopying, has explained the verb جرّف, on the authority of the KL, by “bene effudit”.]

he swept the thing away from the surface of the earth—اجترف الشَّىْءَ

The thing swept away is جَرَفَهُ.

the torrents swept it away, namely a portion of land—جَرَفَتْهُ السُّيُولُ

Also جرّفتهُ; maṣdar تَجْرِيفٌ and تجرّفتهُ.

Or swept it partly away, or wore it away.

See جُرُفٌ.

[It swept away, or destroyed, men, like the sweeping away of the torrent]—جَرَفَ النَّاسَ كَجَرْفِ السَّيْلِ

Said of a death that commonly prevails.

[It sweeps away, or destroys, the cattle of the people]—يَجْتَرِفُ مَالَ القَوْمِ

1.1.2[He scooped it up with both his hands]—جَرَفَهُ بِكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ

[He shovelled it, or scooped it, up or out.]

Of something dry, such as flour or sand.

In art. حفن.

1.1.3it was eaten up completely—جُرِفَ

Said of herbage.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) aor. جَرُفَ , (S, Msb,) inf. n. جَرْفٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَرْفَةٌ , (Lh, K,) He took away, carried away, or removed, the whole of it, (S, Msb, K,) or the greater part of it, (S,) or much of it: (S, K:) and [in like manner جرّفهُ ; for its inf. n.] تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of carrying away wholly: (KL:) and اجترفهُ he took the whole of it. (TA in art. جفت .) Also, (inf. n. جَرْفٌ , TA,) He swept it away, namely, mud, (S, K,) from the surface of the earth; (TA;) and so جرّفهُ , (K,) inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ ; (TA;) and تجرّفهُ : (K:) or تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of clearing away mud or the like well; in Persian, نيك رنديدن : (KL: [Golius, app. misled by a mistranscription, has explained the verb, جرّف , as on the authority of the KL, by “ bene effudit: ”]) and اجترف الشَّىْءَ he swept away the thing ( جَرَفَهُ ) from the surface of the earth. (TA.) You say also, جَرَفَتْهُ السُّيُولُ , (Msb,) or جرّفتهُ , inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ ; (S;) and تجرّفتهُ ; (S, K;) The torrents swept it away; (TA;) [or swept it partially away; or wore it away;] namely, a portion of land. (S, Msb, K. See جُرُفٌ .) And, of a death commonly prevailing, جَرَفَ النَّاسَ كَجَرْفِ السَّيْلِ [It swept away, or destroyed, men, like the sweeping away of the torrent]: (TA:) and يَجْتَرِفُ مَالَ القَوْمِ [It sweeps away, or destroys, the cattle of the people]. (S, TA.) [He shovelled it, or scooped it, away, or up, or out.] You say, جَرَفَهُ بِكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ [He scooped it up, or out, with both his hands]; i. e. something dry, as flour, and sand, and the like. (S in art. حفن .) جُرِفَ It (herbage) was eaten up utterly. (TA.)

Form 2جرّفهُ2 senses · 1 main

maṣdarتَجْرِيفٌ

Core sense — he swept it away; misfortune destroyed his property and left him poorgenerated

2.1

. See 1, in four places.

2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredtime, or misfortune, destroyed his property, or cattle, and reduced him to poverty—جرّفهُ الدَّهْرُ

A poet of the Benoo-Teiyi says: [And if misfortunes have destroyed my property, or cattle, and reduced me to poverty, I have not seen anyone in a state of ruin like the two sons of Ziyād]

shāhid

فَإِنْ تَكُنِ الحَوَادِثُ جَرَّفَتْنِىفَلَمْ أَرَ هَالِكًا كَٱبْنَىْ زِيَادِ

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ : see 1, in four places. جرّفهُ الدَّهْرُ Time, or fortune, or misfortune, destroyed, or exterminated, his property, or cattle, and reduced him to poverty. (TA.) A poet (of the Benoo-Teiyi, TA) says, 1 [And if misfortunes have destroyed my property, or cattle, and reduced me to poverty, I have not seen any one in a state of perdition like the two sons of Ziyád]. (S, TA.) فَإِنْ تَكُنِ الحَوَادِثُ جَرَّفَتْنِى | فَلَمْ أَرَ هَالِكًا كَٱبْنَىْ زِيَادِ

Form 4اجرف1 sense

Core sense — it was invaded by a sweeping torrent, said of a placegenerated

4.1

Said of a place: it was invaded by a torrent of the kind called جُرَاف.

Show Lane's original text

It (a place) was invaded by a torrent such as is termed جُرَاف . (K.)

Form 5تَجَرَّفَ1 sense

Core sense — it was swept away, it was carried awaygenerated

5.1

See 1, in two places; and see جُرُفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in two places; and see جُرُفٌ .

Form 8إِجْتَرَفَ1 sense

Core sense — he swept it away, he carried it away whollygenerated

8.1

See 1, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in three places.

Derived nouns 15

Nounجُرْفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — an abrupt, water-worn bank; a smooth side of a mountaingenerated

See جُرُفٌ.

1.1

Aboo-Kheyreh: a smooth side of a mountain.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُرُفٌ . Also A smooth side of a mountain. (A boo-Kheyreh, K.)

Nounجِرْفٌ1 sense

Core sense — an abrupt, water-worn bank or ridgegenerated

See the next paragraph.

Show Lane's original text

: see the next paragraph.

Nounجُرُفٌ1 sense

Core sense — an abrupt, water-worn bank of a valley or rivergenerated

1[An abrupt, water-worn, bank or ridge]—جُرْفٌ

The latter is a contraction of the former.

A bank of a valley, the lower part of which the water has excavated and the torrents have hollowed out, so that it remains loose, unsound, or weak.

A bank, or slope, of the water-course of a valley or the like, when the water has carried away its lower part and undermined it, so that it has become like what is called a دَحْل, with its upper part overhanging.

A portion of land — or of sand, in art. تهر — which the torrents have partly swept away, or worn away, and eaten.

a bank, or ridge, that remains rising abruptly by the bed of a torrent or stream—جِرْفٌ

A portion of the lower part of the side of a valley, or of a river, eaten by the torrent.

The side of the bank of a river that the water has eaten, so that some part of it falls every little while.

And the latter, [or each,] a place which the torrent does not take away.

Plural of paucity أَجْرَافٌ, like أَطْنَابٌ, plural of طُنُبٌ; and of multitude (of جُرْفٌ, though the K implies that it is of جُرُفٌ) جِرَفَةٌ, like جِحَرَةٌ, plural of جُحْرٌ and جُرُوفٌ.

Lane cites “Jel in ix. 110” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

Qur’ānic occurrences جُرُف

9:109

أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَـٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ تَقْوَىٰ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنٍ خَيْرٌ أَم مَّنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَـٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٍ فَٱنْهَارَ بِهِۦ فِى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

Which then is best? - he that layeth his foundation on piety to Allah and His good pleasure? - or he that layeth his foundation on an undermined sand-cliff ready to crumble to pieces? and it doth crumble to pieces with him, into the fire of Hell. And Allah guideth not people that do wrong.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

and جُرْفٌ , (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) [An abrupt, water-worn, bank or ridge;] a bank ( جَانِبٌ Ksh and Jel in ix. 110) of a valley, the lower part of which is excavated by the water, and hollowed out by the torrents, so that it remains uncompact, unsound, or weak; (Ksh ib.;) a bank, or an acclivity, of a water-course of a valley and the like, when the water has carried away from its lower part, and undermined it, so that it has become like what is termed a دَحْل , with its upper part overhanging; (L;) a portion of land (or sand, S in art. تهر ) which the torrents have partially swept away, or worn away, ( تَجَرَّفَتْهُ , S, K, or جَرَفَتْهُ , Msb,) and eaten; (S, Msb, K;) a portion of the lower part of the side of a valley, and of a river, eaten by the torrent; (M, TA;) the side of the bank of a river, that has been eaten by the water, so that some part of it every little while falls: (Har p. 47:) and the latter, [or each,] a place which the torrent does not take away; as also جِرْفٌ ; (K;) [i. e. a bank, or ridge, that remains rising abruptly by the bed of a torrent or stream:] pl. [of pauc.] (of جُرُفٌ , TA) أَجْرَافٌ , (K,) like أَطْنَابٌ pl. of طُنُبٌ , (TA,) and [of mult.] (of جُرْفٌ , though it is implied in the K that it is of جُرُفٌ , TA) جِرَفَةٌ , like جِحَرَةٌ (S, K) pl. of جُحْرٌ , (S,) and جُرُوفٌ . (ISd, TA.)

Nounجُرَافٌ5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a torrent that carries everything away; a very greedy man; a measure of capacitygenerated

1a torrent that carries everything away—جُحَافٌ

a torrent that sweeps away whatever it passes, from its abundance, carrying everything away—جَوْرَفٌ

a torrent that sweeps away whatever it passes, carrying everything away—جَارُوفٌ

sweeping everything away, said of rain—جَارِفٌ

on this sense A torrent that carries away everything.

1.1figurative · مجاز

A very greedy man; a man who devours all the food; one who eats violently, leaving nothing.

1.2figurative · مجاز

A man who marries often and is brisk, lively, or active; also جَارُوفٌ.

1.3figurative · مجاز

A sword that sweeps everything away.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

A kind of measure of capacity; also جِرَافٌ, a certain large measure of capacity.

Show Lane's original text

A torrent that carries away everything; (S, Msb;) i. q. جُحَافٌ applied to a torrent; as also جَوْرَفٌ ; (K;) and جَارُوفٌ a torrent that sweeps away that by which it passes, by reason of its copiousness, carrying away everything, and so جَارِفٌ applied to rain. (TA.) A very voracious man: (K, TA:) a man who devours all the food: (S:) one who eats vehemently, leaving nothing remaining. (M, TA.) A man who marries much, or often, and is brisk, lively, sprightly, or active; as also جَارُوفٌ . (K, TA.) A sword that sweeps away everything. (TA.) A sort of measure of capacity; as also جِرَافٌ : (S, K:) a certain large measure of capacity. (ISk, TA.)

Nounجِرَافٌ1 sense

Core sense — a torrent that carries everything awaygenerated

See what comes just before.

Show Lane's original text

: see what next precedes.

Nounنَيْطَلٌ جَرُوفٌ1 sense

Core sense — a capacious bucketgenerated

[A capacious bucket: see 3 in art. نهز.]

In art. نهز.

Show Lane's original text

[A capacious bucket: see 3 in art. نهز ]. (S in art. نهز .)

Nounجُرَّافَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a broom; a thing for sweeping away mudgenerated

See مِجْرَفَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see مِجْرَفَةٌ .

Nounجَارِفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a widely prevailing death; a plague; a misfortune that sweeps people awaygenerated

See جُرَافٌ.

1.1figurative · مجازa plague, or pestilence, that happened in the time of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr—الجَارِفُ

A death commonly prevailing, that sweeps away, or destroys, the cattle of the people. Also plague, or pestilence.

the plague, or pestilence, that struck the people of El-'Irāq—الطَّاعُونُ الجَارِفُ

Lth: it spread wide and swept the people away like the sweeping away of the torrent, [in the year of the Flight 69].

on this sense Also evil fortune, or an affliction, that sweeps away a people, or the cattle of a people.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُرَافٌ . Also A death commonly, or generally, prevailing, (S, K, TA,) that sweeps away, or destroys, ( يَجْتَرِفُ ,) the cattle of the people. (S, TA.) And Plague, or pestilence. (K.) الجَارِفُ means A plague, or pestilence, that happened in the time of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; (S;) or, as Lth says, الطَّاعُونُ الجَارِفُ means the plague, or pestilence, that befel the people of El- 'Irák [in the year of the Flight 69], spreading wide, and sweeping away the people like the sweeping away of the torrent. (TA.) And Evil fortune, or an affliction, that sweeps away, or destroys, (Lth, K, TA,) a people, (K,) or the cattle of a people. (Lth, TA.)

Nounجَوْرَفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a torrent that sweeps everything away; a swift hack; an assgenerated

See جُرَافٌ.

1.1figurative · مجازa quick, or swift, [hack, etc.]—بِرْذَون

So called as being likened to the torrent of that name.

Also an ass; [apparently a wild ass, because of its swiftness.]

Abu-l-'Abbās: according to some it is a male ostrich, but this is a miscopying for جَوْرَقٌ, with ق.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُرَافٌ . Hence, as being likened to the torrent thus termed, (TA,) A quick, or swift, بِرْذَون [or hack, &c.]. (K.) And An ass; [app. meaning a wild ass, because of his swiftness.] (Sgh, K.) And, accord. to some, A male ostrich: (as in the K:) but this is a mistranscription for جَوْرَقٌ , with ق . (Abu-l-' Abbás, T, Sgh, L, TA.)

Nounجَارُوفٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a sweeping torrent; greedy; an unfortunate mangenerated

See جُرَافٌ, in two places.

1.1figurative · مجاز

Greedy; having an excessive appetite for food.

1.2figurative · مجاز

An unfortunate man.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُرَافٌ , in two places. Also Greedy; having an inordinate desire, or appetite, for food. (K, TA.) And An unfortunate man. (K, * TA.)

Nounمِجْرَفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a broom, or shovel, for sweeping away mudgenerated

See مِجْرَفَةٌ.

1.1[Fingers, or fingers' ends,] that take much food—بَنَانٌ مِجْرَفٌ

Show Lane's original text

: see مِجْرَفَةٌ . [Hence,] بَنَانٌ مِجْرَفٌ [Fingers, or fingers' ends,] that take much food. (IAar, TA.)

Nounمِجْرَفَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a broom; a thing for sweeping away mud; a shovelgenerated

1a broom; a thing for sweeping away mud—مِجْرَفٌ

the same, in vulgar use—جُرَّافَةٌ

A broom; a thing with which mud is swept away from the surface of the ground. [In the present day applied to a shovel, a hoe, and a rake.]

[Now applied by many to a drag for dragging rivers and the like.] Its plural is جَرَارِيفُ.

Show Lane's original text

A broom, or besom; (K;) a thing with which mud is swept away from the surface of the ground: (S, * TA:) [applied in the present day to a shovel: and a hoe: and a rake:] as also مِجْرَفٌ : vulgarly, جُرَّافَةٌ ; [now applied by many to a drag for dragging rivers &c.;] of which the pl. is جَرَارِيفُ . (TA.)

Nounمُجَرَّفٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man whose property has been destroyed, leaving him poorgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A man who has had his property, or cattle, destroyed, and who has been reduced to poverty by time, or fortune, or misfortune.

Show Lane's original text

A man who has had his property, or or cattle, destroyed, or exterminated, and who has been reduced to poverty, by time, or fortune, or misfortune. (TA.)

Nounمُجَرِّفٌ1 sense

Core sense — lean, or emaciatedgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Lean, or emaciated. [See what follows next.]

Show Lane's original text

Lean, or emaciated. (M, TA.) [See what next follows.]

Nounمُتَجَرِّفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a ram that has lost its fatness; lean, or emaciatedgenerated

1figurative · مجاز

Ibn-'Abbād: a ram whose general fatness has gone; and likewise a camel.

1.1figurative · مجازhe came in a lean and lax state—جَآءَ مُتَجَرِّفًا

Lean, or emaciated; also مُتَجَلِّفٌ. In art. جلف.

Ibn-'Abbād: said of a man; هَزِيلًا مُضْطَرِبًا.

Show Lane's original text

A ram whose general fatness has gone; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) and so a camel. (TA.) Lean, or emaciated; as also مُتَجَلِّفٌ . (TA in art. جلف .) You say, جَآءَ مُتَجَرِّفًا He (a man, Ibn-'Abbád, TA) came in a lean and lax state ( هَزِيلًا مُضْطَرِبًا ). (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)