جبن

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 8 · 16 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 1

Form 1جَبُنَ1 sense

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarجُبْنٌ

Core sense — he was, or became, cowardly, weak-heartedgenerated

1.1he held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice—جَبُنَ عَنْهُ

maṣdars جُبْنٌ, جُبُنٌ, جَبَانَةٌ, and جَبَنَ, with. He (a man) was, or became, such as is termed جَبَان and جَبِين, that is, cowardly, or weak-hearted.

Mentioned in art. عرس.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) aor. جَبُنَ , inf. n. جُبْنٌ (Msb, K) and جُبُنٌ (K) and جَبَانَةٌ ; (Msb, K;) and جَبَنَ , (S, ISd, Msb,) aor. جَبُنَ ; (Msb, TA;) He (a man) was, or became, such as is termed جَبَان (S, Msb, K) and جَبِين ; (S, K;) i. e. cowardly, (K,) or weak hearted. (Msb.) And جَبُنَ عَنْهُ He held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice. (TA in art. عرس .)

Form 2جبَنهُ1 sense

maṣdarتَجْبِينٌ

Core sense — he attributed cowardice to himgenerated

2.1he is accused of cowardice—هُوَ يُجَبَّنُ

. He attributed cowardice to him.

Its maṣdar is the same as above.

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. تَجْبِينٌ , He attributed to him cowardice ( جُبْن ). (S.) And هُوَ يُجَبَّنُ , inf. n. as above, He is accused of cowardice. (K.)

Form 4اجبنهُ1 sense

Core sense — he found him a coward, he reckoned him cowardlygenerated

4.1he found him a coward, or reckoned him a coward—اجتبنهُ

He found him to be such as is termed جَبَان, that is, a coward, or cowardly, or weak-hearted; or he reckoned him a coward.

Show Lane's original text

He found him to be such as is termed جَبَان ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. a coward, or cowardly, (K,) or weak-hearted: (Msb:) or he reckoned him a coward; (M, K;) as also اجتبنهُ . (K.)

Form 5تجبّن2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it became like cheese, said of milkgenerated

5.1

Said of milk: it became like جُبْن [i. e. cheese].

5.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

And hence, perhaps, said of a man: he became thick, gross, coarse, or big.

Show Lane's original text

It (milk) became like جُبْن [i. e. cheese]. (K.) And hence, perhaps, (TA,) He (a man) became thick, gross, coarse, or big. (S, TA.)

Form 8اجتبنهُ2 senses

Core sense — he made cheese of milkgenerated

8.1

He made cheese of it, that is, of milk.

8.2

Derived nouns 11

Nounجُبْنٌ2 senses

Core sense — cheese; cowardice, weak-heartednessgenerated

1a cheese, or a piece of cheese—جُبْنَةٌ

Also written جُبُنٌ and جُبُنٌّ; the form given first is the most approved and the last the most rare, and some say it is used only where poetry requires it. Cheese: a certain thing that is eaten, well known.

Ism waḥda, more specific than جُبْنٌ, meaning a قُرص [or round, flattened, loaf] of it; also جُبُنَةٌ and جُبُنَّةٌ.

2cowardice, weak-heartedness—جُبْنٌ

cowardice, weak-heartedness—جُبُنٌ

[Maṣdars of جَبُنَ used as simple nouns.] The quality denoted by جَبَانٌ.

Show Lane's original text

and جُبُنٌ and جُبُنٌّ , (S, Msb, K,) the first of which is the most approved, and the last the most rare, and said by some to be used only in a case of necessity in poetry, (Lth, Msb,) [Cheese;] a certain thing that is eaten, (S, Msb,) well known: (K:) n. un. جُبْنَةٌ , (TA,) a word having a more particular signification than جُبْنٌ , (S,) meaning a قُرص [or round, flattened, loaf] thereof, (Mgh,) [or a cheese, or piece of cheese,] as also جُبُنَةٌ (TA) and جُبُنَّةٌ . (S, TA.) Also جُبْنٌ and جُبُنٌ , [inf. ns. of جَبُنَ , used as simple substs.,] Cowardice; weak-heartedness;] the quality denoted by جَبَانٌ . (S.)

Nounجُبُنٌ1 sense

Core sense — cheesegenerated

See جُبْنٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُبْنٌ , in two places.

Nounجُبُنٌّ1 sense

Core sense — cheesegenerated

See جُبْنٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see جُبْنٌ .

Nounجُبْنِىٌّ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a seller of cheesegenerated

A seller of جُبْن [i. e. cheese].

1.1

And a relative noun from سُوقُ الجُبْنِ [the cheese-market] in Damascus.

Show Lane's original text

A seller of جُبْن [i. e. cheese]. (TA.) And a rel. n. from سُوقُ الجُبْنِ [The cheesemarket] in Damascus. (K.)

Nounجَبَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — a coward, cowardly, weak-heartedgenerated

1figurative · مجازa coward, cowardly, weak-hearted—جَبينٌ

An adjective from جَبَنَ, applied to a man and to a woman; in the latter case like حَصَانٌ and رَزَانٌ. Ibn-Es-Sarráj. With ة it is also applied to a woman.

From جَبُنَ, applied to a man and to a woman.

a coward, cowardly, weak-hearted—جَبَّانٌ

That is, given to dreading things, so as not to venture upon them boldly, by night or by day.

جَبَانٌ is the opposite of شُجَاعٌ, in art. شجع.

Plural masculine جُبَنَآءُ [properly of جَبِينٌ]; feminine جَبَانَاتٌ.

he is one whose dog is cowardly—هُوَ جَبَانُ الكَلْبِ

such a one is courageous in heart, mild in face—فُلَانٌ شُجَاعُ القَلْبِ جَبَانُ الوَجْهِ

Meaning he is extremely generous, because, with guests coming to him, his dog does not growl.

This is apparently the meaning; explained by اجنى الوجه, which seems to be a mistranscription.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) an epithet from جَبَنَ , (S,) applied to a man and to a woman, (S, Msb, K,) in the latter case like حَصَانٌ and رَزَانٌ , (Ibn-EsSarráj, S,) and with ة also applied to a woman; (M, Msb, K;) and جَبينٌ , (S, K,) from جَبُنَ , (S,) applied to a man and to a woman; and جَبَّانٌ ; (K;) A coward; or cowardly; i. e. wont to dread things, so as not to venture upon them boldly, (K, TA,) by night or by day; (TA;) weak-hearted: (Msb:) جَبَانٌ is contr. of شُجَاعٌ : (Msb in art. شجع :) pl. masc. جُبَنَآءُ , (Msb, K,) [properly of جَبِينٌ ] and fem. جَبَانَاتٌ . (Lth, Msb, TA.) هُوَ جَبَانُ الكَلْبِ [He is one whose dog is cowardly,] means he is extremely generous: (K, TA:) because, by reason of guests' coming to him, his dog does not growl. (TA.) And you say, فُلَانٌ شُجَاعُ القَلْبِ جَبَانُ الوَجْهِ [app. meaning Such a one is courageous in heart, mild in face]. (TA. [Expl. by اجنى الوجه , which seems to be a mistranscription.])

Nounجَبِينٌ2 senses

Core sense — the side of the forehead, above the templegenerated

See جَبَانٌ.

2the side of the forehead—جَبِينَانِ

Also the part above the temple, on the right of the forehead and on the left of it; the two together being so called.

It extends from the part opposite the place where the hair falls off, to the temple, on the right of the forehead and on the left of it: so say Az, IF and others.

The forehead is between the جَبِينَانِ.

Or the جَبِينَانِ are the two borders of the forehead, on either side of it, in the part between the two eyebrows (فِيمَا بَيْنَ الحَاجِبَيْنِ [so in the copies of the K, a mistake for فيما يَلِى الحاجبين, in the part next to the two eyebrows]), rising to the place where the growth of the hair ends; or the part between the place where the growth of the hair ends and the eyebrows.

Or the جبين is the borders (in the T, the border) of the forehead, between the two temples, joining the نَاصِيَة [or place where the hair grows in the fore part of the head, or the hair of that part].

It sometimes means the forehead: see an example under تَرِبَ, where it is used in this last sense and is feminine, perhaps because it is synonymous with جَبْهَة; but Lh says that it is always masculine.

Plural, of many, جُبُنٌ; of few, أَجْبِنَةٌ and أَجْبُنٌ.

Lane cites “Bd in xxxvii. 103” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

Qur’ānic occurrences جَبِين

37:103

فَلَمَّآ أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُۥ لِلْجَبِينِ

So when they had both submitted their wills (to Allah), and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice),

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

: see جَبَانٌ . Also The part above the temple, on the right of the forehead, and on the left thereof; the two being called جَبِينَانِ : (S:) the side of the forehead, [so Bd in xxxvii. 103,] from the part over against the place where the hair falls off, to the temple, on the right of the forehead, and on the left thereof: so say Az and IF and others: the forehead ( الجَبْتَة ) is between the جَبِينَانِ : (Msb:) or the جَبِينَانِ are the two borders of the forehead, on either side thereof, in the part between the two eyebrows ( فِيمَا بَيْنَ الحَاجِبَيْنِ [so in the copies of the K, a mistake for فيما يَلِى الحاجبين in the part next to the two eyebrows]), rising to the place where the growth of the hair terminates: (K:) or between the place where the growth of the hair terminates and the eyebrows: (TA:) or the جبين is the borders (in the T, the border, TA) of the forehead, between the two temples, uniting with the نَاصِيَة [or place where the hair grows in the fore part of the head, or the hair of that part]: (K, TA:) and it sometimes occurs as meaning the forehead: (MF, TA:) [see an ex. voce تَرِبَ , where it is used in this last sense, and is fem., perhaps because syn. with جَبْهَة , for] Lh says that it is always masc.: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] جُبُنٌ and [of pauc.] أَجْبِنَةٌ (Msb, K) and أَجْبُنٌ . (K.)

Nounجَبَّانٌ3 senses

Core sense — one who guards the produce of land in the desertgenerated

See جَبَانٌ.

Also one who keeps, or guards, the produce of land in the desert.

See also the word that follows.

Show Lane's original text

: see جَبَانٌ . Also One who keeps, or guards, the produce of land in the desert. (TA.) See also what next follows.

Nounجَبَّانَةٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a place of prayer in the desert; a burial-ground; land producing much herbagegenerated

1a place of prayer, or common place of prayer, in a desert tract—جَبَّانٌ

The headword form is the more common of the two. The desert tract meant is a صَحْرَآء.

1.1

A burial-ground.

It is sometimes called جبّانة, because the place of prayer is generally in the burial-ground.

According to Kh, these two words, in this sense, are from الجَبُّ and الجَبُوبُ, but others derive them from جبن. Mentioned in art. جب.

1.2

A [desert tract such as is termed] صَحْرَآء.

1.3

A place that produces much herbage; also level, elevated land; or level, elevated land that produces much herbage. Aboo-Kheyreh.

According to ISh, it is smooth, without trees, but it may have hills in it, and a tract abounding with trees.

Sometimes the جبّانة is level, without hills and without any tract abounding with trees; but it is not in sand nor in mountains, though it may be in [high grounds such as are termed] قِفَاف [plural of قُفٌّ] and in [what are termed] شَقَائِق [plural of شَقِيقَةٌ].

Show Lane's original text

(S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جَبَّانٌ , (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more common, (Msb,) A place of prayer, (Msb,) or common place of prayer, (Mgh,) in a صَحْرَآء [or desert tract]. (Mgh, Msb.) A burial-ground: (K:) this is sometimes called جبّانة because the place of prayer is generally in the burial-ground: (Msb:) accord. to Kh, these two words, in this sense, are from الجَبُّ and الجَبُوبُ ; but others derive them from جبن . (TA in art. جب .) A [desert tract such as is termed] صَحْرَآء . (S, K.) A place that produces much herbage: and level, elevated land: (AHn, K:) or the latter, level, elevated land, that produces much herbage: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) accord. to ISh, it is smooth, without trees; but it may have in it hills, and a tract abounding with trees: and sometimes the جبّانة is level, without hills and without any tract abounding with trees; but it is not in sand nor in mountains, though it may be in [high grounds such as are termed] قِفَاف [pl. of قُفٌّ ] and in [what are termed] شَقَائِق [pl. of شَقِيقَةٌ ]. (TA.)

Nounجَبّانِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — one who dwells in a desert tractgenerated

A dweller in the جَبَّان, meaning صَحْرَآء.

Show Lane's original text

A dweller in the جَبَّان , meaning صَحْرَآء . (TA.)

Nounأَجْبَنُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, cowardly, weak-heartedgenerated

1more cowardly than a whistling bird—أَجْبَنُ مِنْ صَافِرٍ

[More, and most, cowardly, or weak-hearted.]

In art. صفر; or, as some say, than a thief. See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 326.

Show Lane's original text

[More, and most, cowardly, or weakhearted]. (TA.) You say أَجْبَنُ مِنْ صَافِرٍ , i. e. [More cowardly] than a whistling bird: (S in art. صفر :) or, as some say, than a thief. (TA in that art. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 326.])

Nounمَجْبَنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a cause of cowardice, or weak-heartednessgenerated

1children are a cause of cowardice and a cause of niggardliness—الوَلَدُ مَجْبَنَةٌ مَبْخَلَةٌ

Because one loves continuance of life, and property, for their sake.

[A cause of cowardice, or weak-heartedness.]

Show Lane's original text

[A cause of cowardice, or weak-heartedness]. One says, الوَلَدُ مَجْبَنَةٌ مَبْخَلَةٌ [Children are a cause of cowardice and a cause of niggardliness]; because one loves continuance of life, and property, on account of them. (S, TA.)