ثقف

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 6 · 19 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 6

Form 1ثَقُفَ7 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُثَقَافَةٌmaṣdarثَقَافَةٌ ثَقَفٌ ثَقْفٌ

Core sense — he became skilled, quick, and intelligent; he overtook himgenerated

1.1he (a man) became skilled; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious—ثَقُفَ

Maṣdar ثَقَافَةٌ and ثَقِفَ. There is also a form with.

1.1.1it was, or became, very acid—ثَقُفَ

. Said of vinegar.

it was, or became, very acid—ثَقِفَ

But I suspect this may have been taken from a manuscript in which خُلٌّ was wrongly put for رَجُلٌ. In the JK I find رَجُلٌ ثَقِيفٌ وَقَدْ ثَقُفَ ثَقَافَةً.

1.2

ثَاقَفَهُ فَثَقَفَهُ, muḍāriʿ of the latter ثَقُفَ: see 3.

1.2.1I was, or became, skilled in the thing—ثَقَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ

maṣdar ثَقَافَةٌ and ثُقُوفَةٌ.

1.2.2figurative · مجاز — inferredthe learning of a thing quickly—ثَقْفٌ

Its verb is ثَقَفَ or ثَقِفَ.

I acquired knowledge, or the science, quickly [in the shortest period]—ثَقَفْتُ العِلْمَ فِى أَوْحَى مُدَّةٍ

I acquired the art, or handicraft, quickly—الصِّنَاعَةَ

I understood the narration, or tradition, quickly—ثَقِفْتُ الحَدِيثَ

he perceived it, or attained it, by knowledge, or by deed—ثَقِفَهُ

Er-Rāghib: and hence, he reached him, or overtook him, in war, or fight. Or he found him; or he found him in the way of taking and overcoming; or he took him, or it, namely, a thing; or by implication, he gained the victory, or mastery, over him, or got possession of him.

but the former is better known. Or he perceived it, or attained it, by his sight, by expertness in vision.

And slay them wherever you find them—وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ

Said in the Qur'ān 2:187 and 4:93. Or wherever you take them, or overcome them, or overtake them.

on this sense Examples occur also in the Qur'ān 3:108, 8:59, 33:61 and 60:2. For another example, see Form 4 below.

Lane cites “Bd in ii. 187” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.2.3he thrust him, or pierced him, [with a spear or the like]—ثَقِفَهُ

Said of a man.

1.2.4

See also Form 2.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 6

2:191

وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُم مِّنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ۚ وَٱلْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ ٱلْقَتْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُقَـٰتِلُوهُمْ عِندَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ ۖ فَإِن قَـٰتَلُوكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ

And slay them wherever ye catch them, and turn them out from where they have Turned you out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the Sacred Mosque, unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you, slay them. Such is the reward of those who suppress faith.

3:112

ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ مَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَسْكَنَةُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ يَعْتَدُونَ

Shame is pitched over them (Like a tent) wherever they are found, except when under a covenant (of protection) from Allah and from men; they draw on themselves wrath from Allah, and pitched over them is (the tent of) destitution. This because they rejected the Signs of Allah, and slew the prophets in defiance of right; this because they rebelled and transgressed beyond bounds.

8:57

فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفَنَّهُمْ فِى ٱلْحَرْبِ فَشَرِّدْ بِهِم مَّنْ خَلْفَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

If ye gain the mastery over them in war, disperse, with them, those who follow them, that they may remember.

33:61

مَّلْعُونِينَ ۖ أَيْنَمَا ثُقِفُوٓا۟ أُخِذُوا۟ وَقُتِّلُوا۟ تَقْتِيلًا

They shall have a curse on them: whenever they are found, they shall be seized and slain (without mercy).

60:2

إِن يَثْقَفُوكُمْ يَكُونُوا۟ لَكُمْ أَعْدَآءً وَيَبْسُطُوٓا۟ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُم بِٱلسُّوٓءِ وَوَدُّوا۟ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ

If they were to get the better of you, they would behave to you as enemies, and stretch forth their hands and their tongues against you for evil: and they desire that ye should reject the Truth.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. ثَقُفَ , inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ ; and ثَقِفَ , aor. ثَقَفَ , inf. n. ثَقَفٌ (S, K) and ثَقْفٌ ; (K;) He (a man, S) became skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious. (S, K, TA.) ثَقُفَ , aor. ثَقَافَةٌ , is also said of vinegar ( خَلٌّ ), meaning It was, or became, very acid; and so ثَقِفَ . (TA. [But I suspect that this may have been taken from a MS. in which خُلٌّ has been erroneously put for رَجُلٌ . In the JK, I find رَجُلٌ ثَقِيفٌ وَقَدْ ثَقُفَ ثَقَافَةً .]) ثَاقَفَهُ فَثَقَفَهُ , aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ : see 3. ثَقَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ , aor. ثَقَفَ , inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ and ثُقُوفَةٌ , I was, or became, skilled in the thing. (Ham p. 772.) And ثَقْفٌ signifies The learning a thing quickly: [its verb is ثَقَفَ or ثَقِفَ :] you say, ثَقَفْتُ العِلْمَ فِى أَوْحَى مُدَّةٍ , and الصِّنَاعَةَ , I acquired knowledge, or the science, and the art, or handicraft, quickly [in the shortest period]: (TA:) and ثَقِفْتُ الحَدِيثَ I understood the narration, or tradition, &c., quickly. (Msb.) ثَقِفَهُ , aor. ثَقَفَ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ثَقْفٌ , (S, K, *) or ثَقَفٌ , (Msb,) [but the former is better known,] primarily signifies, He perceived it, or attained it, by knowledge, or by deed: (Bd ii. 187:) or he perceived it, or attained it, by his sight, by expertness in vision: and hence, (Er-Rághib, TA,) he reached him, or overtook him, (IF, Msb, K, and Er-Rághib,) in war, or fight: (Msb:) or (K) he found him: (S, K, and Bd in ii. 187 &c.:) or he found him in the way of taking and overcoming: (Ksh in ii. 187:) or (K) he took him, or it, (Lth, Msb, K,) namely, a thing: (Msb:) or (K) by implication, (Bd in ii. 187,) he gained the victory, or mastery, over him; overcame him; (IDrd, Msb, K, and Bd ubi suprà;) or got possession of him. (IDrd, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 187 and iv. 93], وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ And slay ye them wherever ye find them: (Ksh, Bd, Jel, TA:) or wherever ye take them, or overcome them, or overtake them. (TA.) And exs. occur also in the Kur [iii. 108 and] viii. 59 and xxxiii. 61 [and lx. 2]. (TA.) For another ex., see 4, below. ثَقِفَهُ also signifies He thrust him, or pierced him, [with a spear or the like,] namely, a man. (Ham p. 772.) See also 2.

Form 2ثقّفهُ3 senses · 1 main

maṣdarتَثْقِيفٌ

Core sense — he straightened it; he disciplined and educated him wellgenerated

2.1he straightened it, or made even what was crooked in it—تَثْقِيفٌ

Said of a spear, [and a bow, ] or a crooked thing; with the ثِقَاف. And so ثَقَفَهُ, according to an explanation of the maṣdar ثَقْفٌ in the KL.

تَثْقِيفُ السَّهْمِ عَلَى القَوْسِ as meaning the directing of the arrow upon the bow straight towards the object aimed at is not approved.

2.1.1figurative · مجاز[But for your disciplining, and amending, and your teaching, I had not been anything]—لَوْلَا تَثْقِيفُكَ وَتَوْقِيفُكَ مَا كُنْتُ شَيْئًا

Hence: he disciplined him, or educated him well, and amended him, or improved him.

2.1.2it makes food acid—يُثَقِّفُ الطَّعَامَ

Said of vinegar.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَثْقِيفٌ , (S, Mgh, K, KL,) He straightened it, or made it even, (S, Mgh, K, KL,) or straightened what was crooked thereof; (Msb;) namely, a spear, (S, KL,) [and a bow, (see ثِقَافٌ ,)] or a crooked thing; with the ثِقَاف : (Mgh:) [and so ثَقَفَهُ , accord. to an explanation of the inf. n. ثَقْفٌ in the KL.] تَثْقِيفُ السَّهْمِ عَلَى القَوْسِ , as meaning The directing the arrow upon the bow straightly towards the object aimed at, is not approved. (Mgh.) Hence, (Mgh,) He disciplined him, or educated him well, and amended him, or improved him. (Mgh, TA.) You say, لَوْلَا تَثْقِيفُكَ وَتَوْقِيفُكَ مَا كُنْتُ شَيْئًا [But for thy disciplining, or good educating, and amending, or improving, and thy teaching, I had not been anything]. (TA.) You say also, of vinegar, يُثَقِّفُ الطَّعَامَ , i. e. It makes food acid. (Har p. 227.)

Form 3ثَاْقَفَ2 senses · 1 main

maṣdarمُثَاقَفَةٌ

Core sense — he vied with him in skill; he contended with him with the swordgenerated

3.1he vied with him in skill, and intelligence, and in perceiving or attaining a thing and doing it, and he surpassed him in it—ثاقفهُ فَثَقَفَهُ

Maṣdar of the former مُثَاقَفَةٌ and ثِقَافٌ; muḍāriʿ of the latter ثَقُفَ.

Er-Rāghib says that this is figurative. [According to J,] المُثَاقَفَةُ is from ثَقُفَ in the first of the senses explained above.

3.1.1contending with another, and particularly in fight, or with the sword—ثِقَافٌ

[See also ثَقْفٌ below.] It also means the using of, or performing with, the sword; like ثِقَافَةٌ.

he played with him with the sword, or some other weapon—ثاقفهُ

Show Lane's original text

ثاقفهُ فَثَقَفَهُ , (K,) inf. n. of the former مُثَاقَفَةٌ and ثِقَافٌ , (TA,) and aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ , (K,) He vied with him, or strove to surpass him, in skill, (K, TA,) and intelligence, or sagacity, and the perceiving, or attaining, of a thing, and the doing thereof, (TA,) and he surpassed him therein. (K, TA.) Er-Rághib says that this is metaphorical. (TA.) [Accord. to J,] المُثَاقَفَةُ is from ثَقُفَ in the first of the senses explained above. (S.) ثِقَافٌ also signifies The contending with another: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: (K: [see also ثَقْفٌ , below:]) and the using of, or performing with, the sword; like ثِقَافَةٌ . (TA.) And ثاقفهُ , inf. n. مُثَاقَفَةٌ , He played with him with the sword, or some other weapon. (TA.)

Form 4أُثْقِفْتُهُ1 sense

Core sense — I was made to gain the mastery over himgenerated

4.1

[I was made to gain the mastery over him, or to overcome him: or, which is virtually the same,] he was appointed for me [that I might have the mastery over him].

'Amr Dhu-l-Kelb says: And if you [be made to] gain the mastery over me, that is, if it be appointed for you to meet me [and overcome me], then slay me; but if I meet [you and overcome], then you will see my condition.

shāhid

فَإِنْ أُثْقِفْتُمُونِى فَٱقْتُلُونِىوَإِنْ أَثْقَفْ فَسَوْفَ تَرَوْنَ بَالِى

But some relate it thus: وَمَنْ أَثْقَفْ, meaning but whom I meet, of you, I will slay him. [And J gives it thus:] فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفُونِى الخ [meaning And if you meet me, etc.].

Show Lane's original text

[I was made to gain the mastery over him, or to overcome him: or, which is virtually the same,] he was appointed for me [that I might have the mastery over him]. (Sgh, K.) 'Amr Dhu-l-Kelb says, 1 And if ye [be made to] gain the mastery over me, i. e. if it be appointed for you to meet me [and overcome me], then slay me: but if I meet [you and overcome], then shall ye see my condition: but some relate it thus: وَمَنْ أَثْقَفْ , meaning but whom I meet, of you, I will slay him: (Skr, Sgh, TA:) [and J gives it thus:] فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفُونِى الخ [meaning And if ye meet me &c.]. (S.) فَإِنْ أُثْقِفْتُمُونِى فَٱقْتُلُونِى | وَإِنْ أَثْقَفْ فَسَوْفَ تَرَوْنَ بَالِى

Form 5تثقّف1 sense

Core sense — he was disciplined, or educated well, and improvedgenerated

5.1figurative · مجاز[Was I, or have I been, disciplined, etc., save by your agency, or means?]—هَلْ تَثَقَّفْتُ إِلَّا عَلَى يَدِكَ

[He was, or became, disciplined, or educated well, and amended, or improved; quasi-passive of Form 2.]

Show Lane's original text

[He was, or became, disciplined, or educated well, and amended, or improved; quasipass. of 2, q. v.] You say, هَلْ تَثَقَّفْتُ إِلَّا عَلَى يَدِكَ [Was I, or have I been, disciplined, &c., save by thy agency, or means?]. (A, TA.)

Form 6تثاقفوا1 sense

Core sense — they contended one with another with swordsgenerated

6.1

They contended, or played, one with another, with swords, or other weapons.

Show Lane's original text

They contended, or played, one with another, with swords, or other weapons. (TA.)

Derived nouns 13

Nounثَقْفٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — skilled; quick, sharp; intelligent; contention with the swordgenerated

1a man who is a relater, a poet, an archer or a caster of the spear, etc.—رَجُلٌ ثَقْفٌ لَقْفٌ

Skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious; as also ثَقِفٌ and ثَقُفٌ and ثَقِيفٌ and ثِقِّيفٌ. Or ثَقِيفٌ means quick in understanding a narration; and ثَقَافٌ, applied to a woman, intelligent, or sagacious.

Or light, active, quick, or sharp, and skilful; or quick in understanding what is said to him, and in taking what is thrown to him; or skilful in his art, or handicraft; or a man who keeps, preserves, or guards, and manages well what he possesses. Lh adds ثَقِيفٌ لَقِيفٌ, and Ibn-'Abbād ثِقِّيفٌ لِقِّيفٌ.

a man who is a relater, a poet, an archer or a caster of the spear, etc.—ثَقِفٌ لَقِفٌ

1.1

A man quick in taking, or seizing, his opponents, or adversaries.

2contention, and particularly in fight, or with the sword—ثَقْفٌ

Or, as it is written in one place in the TA, ثَقَفٌ; like ثِقَافٌ [maṣdar of Form 3].

Show Lane's original text

Skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious; as also ثَقِفٌ and ثَقُفٌ (S, K) and ثَقِيفٌ and ثِقِّيفٌ : (K:) or ثَقِيفٌ signifies quick in understanding a narration: (Msb:) and ثَقَافٌ , applied to a woman, intelligent, or sagacious. (K.) You say also رَجُلٌ ثَقْفٌ لَقْفٌ and ثَقِفٌ لَقِفٌ , meaning A man who is a relater, a poet, an archer or a caster of the spear &c.: (Lth, JK, TA:) or light, active, quick, or sharp, and skilful: (S and K in art. لقف :) or quick in understanding what is said to him; and in taking what is thrown to him: or skilful in his art, or handicraft: (TA in that art.:) or a man who keeps, preserves, or guards, and manages, or orders, well, that which he possesses: (ISk, TA:) and Lh adds ثَقِيفٌ لَقِيفٌ : and Ibn-'Abbád, ثِقِّيفٌ لِقِّيفٌ . (TA.) A man quick in taking, or seizing, his opponents, or adversaries. (Ksh ii. 187.) ثَقْفٌ , or (as it is written in one place in the TA) ثَقَفٌ , also signifies Contention: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: like ثِقَافٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.)

Nounثَقَفٌ1 sense

Core sense — skilled, quick, and intelligentgenerated

See ثَقْفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ .

Nounثَقُفٌ1 sense

Core sense — skilled, quick, and intelligentgenerated

See ثَقْفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ .

Nounثَقِفٌ1 sense

Core sense — skilled, quick, and intelligentgenerated

See ثَقْفٌ in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ , in two places.

Nounثَقَافٌ1 sense

Core sense — skill, and intelligence, or sagacitygenerated

See ثَقْفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ .

Nounثِقَافٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — skill and intelligence; an instrument for straightening spears and bowsgenerated

Skill, and intelligence, or sagacity; as also ثُقُوفَةٌ.

Also an instrument with which spears are straightened, and bows also, and other crooked things; made of iron.

Or a strong piece of wood, a cubit long, with a hole at its end large enough to admit the bow, [or the spear], which is put into it and pinched and pressed in the part that needs it until it comes into the state wanted. But this is not done to bows or spears until they have been greased and prepared with fire, or exposed to fire so as to have changed colour.

The plural of paucity is أَثْقِفَةٌ, and of multitude ثُقُفٌ.

2.1

[Also the handle of a shield of the kind called حَجَفَة: see إِخَاذَةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

Skill, and intelligence, or sagacity; as also ثُقُوفَةٌ . (TA.) Also An instrument with which spears are straightened, (S, K, TA,) and bows also, (TA,) and [other] crooked things; (JK, Mgh, TA;) made of iron: (JK, TA:) or a strong piece of wood, a cubit in length, having at its extremity a hole large enough to admit the bow, [or the spear], which is inserted into it, and pinched and pressed in the part that requires this to be done until it becomes in the state that is desired; but this is not done to bows nor to spears until they have been greased, and prepared with fire, or exposed thereto so as to have become altered in colour: (AHn, TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَثْقِفَةٌ and [of mult.] ثُقُفٌ . (JK, TA.) [Also The handle of a shield of the kind called حَجَفَة : see إِخَاذَةٌ .]

Nounثَقِيفٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — skilled; very acid, said of vinegar; pierced with a speargenerated

See ثَقْفٌ in three places.

1.1figurative · مجازvinegar [itself]—أَبُو ثَقِيفٍ

Also very acid; applied to vinegar; and so ثِقِّيفٌ, like حِرِّيفٌ applied to the onion.

So named because it makes food acid.

1.2

Also, and مَثْقُوفٌ: a thing skilled in.

1.3

And both these words: a man thrust or pierced [with a spear or the like].

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ , in three places. Also Very acid; applied to vinegar; (K;) and so ثِقِّيفٌ , (S, K,) like حِرِّيفٌ applied to the onion. (S.) And أَبُو ثَقِيفٍ Vinegar [itself]; so named because it makes food acid. (Har p. 227.) Also, and مَثْقُوفٌ , A thing skilled in. (Ham p. 772.) And both these words, A man thrust or pierced [with a spear or the like]. (Ham ibid.)

Nounثِقَافَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the use of, or performance with, the swordgenerated

1[He is good in respect of performance with the sword]—هُوَ حَسَنُ الثِّقَافَةِ بِالسَّيْفِ

The use of, or performance with, the sword; like ثِقَافٌ [maṣdar of Form 3].

Show Lane's original text

The use of, or performance with, the sword; like ثِقَافٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الثِّقَافَةِ بِالسَّيْفِ [He is good in respect of performance with the sword]. (TA.)

Nounثُقُوفَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — skill, and intelligence, or sagacitygenerated

See ثِقَافٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثِقَافٌ .

Nounثِقِّيفٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — skilled, quick, and intelligentgenerated

See ثَقْفٌ in two places.

1.1

And see ثَقِيفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقْفٌ , in two places: and see ثَقِيفٌ .

Nounأَثْقَفُ1 sense

Core sense — more, or most, skilled, especially with the swordgenerated

More, and most, skilled, or skilful, [in a general sense, and particularly] in contending, or playing, with the sword, or other weapon.

Show Lane's original text

More, and most, skilled, or skilful, [in a general sense, and particularly] in contending, or playing, with the sword, or other weapon. (TA.)

Nounمُثَقَّفٌ1 sense

Core sense — a spear straightened, or made evengenerated

A spear straightened, or made even.

[According to Freytag, it is used in poetry for a spear itself; and so with ة.]

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A spear straightened, or made even. (TA.) [Accord. to Freytag, it is poetically used as signifying A spear itself; and so with ة .]

Nounمَثْقُوفٌ1 sense

Core sense — a man pierced with a spear; a thing skilled ingenerated

See ثَقِيفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see ثَقِيفٌ .