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ثخن

Form 1 · Form 4 · Form 8 · Form 10  ·  10 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 2

Form 1ثَخُنَ1 sense
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarثَخَانَةٌ

Core sense — it was, or became, thick, dense, or hardgenerated

1.1

Muḍāriʿ ثَخُنَ and ثَخَنَ; El-Ahmar also gives. Maṣdar ثَخَانَةٌ, ثُخُونَةٌ, ثِخَنٌ, and ثُخْنٌ.

Said of a thing: it was, or became, thick, big, or coarse; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong; thick, dense, or compact.

[Said of a garment, or piece of cloth: it was thick, or close, in texture: see ثَخِينٌ.]

Er-Rāghib: said of a semiliquid of any kind, it became thick, so that it did not flow, and did not keep passing away.

Show Lane's original text
, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ثَخُنَ ; (K;) and ثَخَنَ , (El-Ahmar, ISd, Msb, TA,) aor. ثَخُنَ ; (TA;) inf. n. ثَخَانَةٌ (T, S, Msb, K, &c.) and ثُخُونَةٌ (ISd, Msb, K) and ثِخَنٌ (Z, Msb, K) and ثُخْنٌ ; (TA;) It (a thing, S, Msb) was, or became, thick, big, gross, or coarse; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong: (S, K:) it was, or became, thick, dense, or compact: (M, TA:) [it (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was thick, or close, in texture: (see ثَخِينٌ :)] it [a semiliquid of any kind] was, or became, thick, so that it did not flow, nor continue in its passing away. (Er-Rághib, TA.)
Form 4اثخنهُ8 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he made it thick; he made him heavy, or weakened him; he made much slaughtergenerated

4.1

In its primary sense: he, or it, made it ثَخِين, that is, thick, and the like.

4.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredhe made him heavy by beating—اثخنهُ ضَرْبًا

Or: he beat him much, or violently, or excessively.

I weakened him, made him languid, by the wound, or wounds—أَثْخَنْتُهُ بِالجِراحَةِ

on this sense And so: he, or it, made him heavy; or weakened him, made him languid, or enervated him. Said of a man, of a wound, and of disease.

Lane cites “Bd in viii. 68” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
4.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredwhen you have made much slaughter among them—إِذَا أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ

In the Qurʾān 47:4. Or: when you have made a great and violent slaughter of them.

Abu-l-ʿAbbās: or when you have overcome them and wounded them much, inflicting many wounds on them, so that they give with their hands.

Qur’ān 47:4 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xlvii. 4”
Qur’ān 47:4 Lane quotes this verse
فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَضَرْبَ ٱلرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا۟ ٱلْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّۢا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ ٱلْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَٱنتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَا۟ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ

Therefore, when ye meet the Unbelievers (in fight), smite at their necks; At length, when ye have thoroughly subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): thereafter (is the time for) either generosity or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens. Thus (are ye commanded): but if it had been Allah's Will, He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself); but (He lets you fight) in order to test you, some with others. But those who are slain in the Way of Allah,- He will never let their deeds be lost.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

4.1.3figurative · مجازhe made a great slaughter, or a great wounding, among the enemy—اثخن فِى العَدُوِّ
4.1.4figurative · مجاز — inferredhe made much slaughter in the land—اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ

Or: he went against the enemy and made a wide slaughter of them in the land; or he fought violently in the land.

In the S, اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ قَتْلًا, which means the same.

Lane cites “Bd in viii. 68” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Lane cites “Jel in viii. 68” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
4.1.5figurative · مجاز — inferredhe went beyond the usual, or the just, bounds in the affair; he strove hard in it, or did his utmost in it—اثخن فِى الأَمْرِ
4.1.6figurative · مجاز — inferredhis saying had an effect on him; it distressed him—اثخنهُ قُوْلُهُ
4.1.7figurative · مجازI knew such a one thoroughly, or very well—أَثْخَنْتُ فُلَانًا مَعْرِفَةً
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
8:67
مَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَسْرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثْخِنَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

It is not fitting for a prophet that he should have prisoners of war until he hath thoroughly subdued the land. Ye look for the temporal goods of this world; but Allah looketh to the Hereafter: And Allah is Exalted in might, Wise.

47:4
فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَضَرْبَ ٱلرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا۟ ٱلْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّۢا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ ٱلْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَٱنتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لِّيَبْلُوَا۟ بَعْضَكُم بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ

Therefore, when ye meet the Unbelievers (in fight), smite at their necks; At length, when ye have thoroughly subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): thereafter (is the time for) either generosity or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens. Thus (are ye commanded): but if it had been Allah's Will, He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself); but (He lets you fight) in order to test you, some with others. But those who are slain in the Way of Allah,- He will never let their deeds be lost.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[in its primary sense, He, or it, rendered it ثَخِين , i. e. thick, &c. And hence,] He, or it, (a man, JK, T, Mgh, Msb, and a wound, S, Mgh, and disease, Bd in viii. 68,) rendered him heavy: (JK, T, Bd ubi suprà, TA:) or weakened him, rendered him languid, or enervated him. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) You say, اثخنهُ ضَرْبًا He rendered him heavy by beating: (JK:) or he beat him much, or vehemently, or excessively. (TA.) And أَثْخَنْتُهُ بِالجِراحَةِ I weakened him, rendered him languid, or enervated him, by the wound, or wounds. (Msb.) إِذَا أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ , in the Kur xlvii. 4, means When ye have made much slaughter among them: (Jel:) or when ye have made a great and vehement slaughter of them: (Bd:) or when ye have overcome them, and wounded them much, or inflicted many wounds upon them, (Abu-l-'Abbás, K, TA,) so that they give with their hands. (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA.) اثخن فِى العَدُوِّ He made a great, or vehement, slaughter, (A,) or a great, or vehement, wounding, (K,) among the enemy. (A, K.) اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ , He made much slaughter in the earth, or land: (Bd in viii. 68, Mgh, TA: in the S, اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ قَتْلًا , which means the same: TA:) or he went against the enemy, and made a wide, or large, slaughter of them [in the land]: (Msb:) or he fought vehemently in the earth, or land. (Jel in viii. 68.) اثخن فِى الأَمْرِ He exceeded the usual, or the just, bounds, or degree, in the affair; strove, or exerted himself, vigorously, or strenuously, therein; or did his utmost therein. (TA.) اثخنهُ قُوْلُهُ His saying took, or had, an effect upon him; or distressed, or afflicted, him. (TA.) أَثْخَنْتُ فُلَانًا مَعْرِفَةً I knew such a one, or was acquainted with him, thoroughly, or very well. (TA.)
Form 8اثّخن1 sense

Core sense — he became heavy, or weakened, by woundsgenerated

8.1

In the saying of El-Aʿshā: [He acted deliberately in war until he became heavy, or weakened, languid, or enervated, by wounds]

shāhid
تَمَهَّلَ فِى الحَرْبِ حَتَّى ٱثَّخَنَ

. Here the verb is contracted by idghām from اثْتَخَنَ.

Show Lane's original text
, in the saying of El-Asshà, 1 [He acted deliberately in war until he became heavy, or weakened, or languid, or enervated, by wounds], is contracted by idghám from اثْتَخَنَ . (S, TA.) تَمَهَّلَ فِى الحَرْبِ حَتَّى ٱثَّخَنَ
Form 10استثخن مِنْهُ النَّوْمُ1 sense

Core sense — sleep overcame himgenerated

10.1figurative · مجازhe became overcome by disease and fatigue—استثخن بَيْنَ المَرَضِ وَالإِعْيَآءِ

Literally: between disease and fatigue.

Sleep overcame him.

Show Lane's original text
Sleep overcame him. (JK, K, TA.) استثخن بَيْنَ المَرَضِ وَالإِعْيَآءِ He became overcome by [lit. between] disease and fatigue. (A, TA.)

Derived nouns 6

Nounثُخْنٌ1 sense

Core sense — thickness, closeness of texturegenerated

1[A garment, or piece of cloth, having thickness, or closeness, of texture]—ثُوْبٌ لَهُ ثُخْنٌ

A maṣdar of ثَخُنَ, [commonly used as a simple noun, meaning Thickness, and the like].

Show Lane's original text
an inf. n. of ثَخُنَ : [commonly used as a simple subst., meaning Thickness, &c.:] one says ثُوْبٌ لَهُ ثُخْنٌ [A garment, or piece of cloth, having thickness, or closeness, of texture]. (TA.)
Nounثَخَنٌ1 sense

Core sense — a heaviness in the chest or body; heaviness and languorgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Same as نقلة [apparently a mistranscription for ثَقْلَةٌ or ثَقَلَةٌ, meaning A heaviness in the chest or body, or a heaviness and languor, or a heaviness on the heart]; and so also ثَخَنَةٌ.

El-ʿAjjāj says: [apparently meaning: So that he who cries out cries out because of heaviness, and the like]

shāhid
حَتَّى يَعِجَّ ثَخَنًا مَنْ عَجْعَجَا

.

This saying is also cited in the S, in the article عج, but there, in one copy, I find ثَخِنًا, and in another, ثِخَنًا, and in both, مِنْ instead of مَنْ.

And from this he received the surname العَجَّاج; so says IDrd.

[Golius explains ثَخَنٌ as meaning “crassities, spissitudo,” on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof and Ibn-Beytár; but I suspect that he found ثَخَنٌ in their works written for ثُخْنٌ or ثِخَنٌ, both maṣdars of ثَخُنَ.]

Show Lane's original text
i. q. نقلة [app. a mistranscription for ثَقْلَةٌ or ثَقَلَةٌ , meaning A heaviness in the chest or body, or a heaviness and langour, or a heaviness on the heart]; as also ثَخَنَةٌ : El-'Ajjáj says, 1 [app. meaning So that he who cries out cries out by reason of heaviness, &c.]: (TA: [this saying is also cited in the S, in art. عج ; but there, in one copy, I find ثَخِنًا ; and in another, ثِخَنًا ; and in both, مِنْ instead of مَنْ :]) and hence he received the surname of العَجَّاج : (S and TA in art. عج :) so says IDrd. (TA in that art.) [Golius explains ثَخَنٌ as meaning “ crassities, spissitudo; ” on the anthority of Ibn-Maaroof and Ibn-Beytár; but I suspect that he found ثَخَنٌ in their works written for ثُخْنٌ or ثِخَنٌ , both inf. ns. of ثَخُنَ .] حَتَّى يَعِجَّ ثَخَنًا مَنْ عَجْعَجَا
Nounثَخَنَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a heaviness in the chest or bodygenerated

1

See ثَخُنٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see ثَخُنٌ .
Nounثَخِينٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — thick, close in texture; completely armed; forbearing, grave, calmgenerated

1a garment, or piece of cloth, thick, or close, or full, in texture—ثَوْبٌ ثَخِينٌ

Ism fāʿil of ثَخُنَ: thick, big, coarse, or gross; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong; [thick, dense, or compact: and so on: see 1: plural ثِخَانٌ.]

Az adds: and full in the warp.

1.1

Applied to a man: completely armed; or it is ثَخِينُ السِّلَاحِ that has this meaning.

1.2figurative · مجاز

Also: forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm.

[In some copies of the K, الحَكِيمُ is wrongly put for الحَلِيمُ.]

In the M: heavy in his sitting-place.

Show Lane's original text
part. n. of ثَخُنَ ; (S, Msb;) Thick, big, coarse, or gross; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong: (S:) [thick, dense, or compact: &c.: see 1: pl. ثِخَانٌ .] You say ثَوْبٌ ثَخِينٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, thick, or close, or full, in texture, and, as Az adds, in warp. (TA.) Applied to a man, Completely armed: (KL:) or ثَخِينُ السِّلَاحِ has this meaning. (S.) Also (JK, TA) Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm: (JK, K, * TA: [in some copies of the K, الحَكِيمُ is erroneously put for الحَلِيمُ :]) in the M, heavy in his sitting-place. (TA.)
Nounمُثْخَنٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — weakened, much wounded; forbearing, grave, calmgenerated

1[I left him weakened, languid, enervated, or much wounded; beaten until he was at the point of death]—تَرَكْتُهُ مُثْخَنًا وَقِيذًا

[Ism mafʿūl of form 4.]

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm, in mind, or intellect. [See also ثَخِينٌ.]

1.2figurative · مجاز

Used metonymically by the people of Syria for one who makes people laugh; one who is quick, brisk, or lively in his movements.

Show Lane's original text
[pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. You say, تَرَكْتُهُ مُثْخَنًا وَقِيذًا [I left him weakened, languid, enervated, or much wounded; beaten until he was at the point of death]. (TA.) Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm, in mind, or intellect. (TA.) [See also ثَخِينٌ .] Metonymically applied by the people of Syria to One who causes laughter; who is quick, brisk, or lively, in his motions. (TA.)
Nounمُثْخِنٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who does his utmost in narration; a large, corpulent womangenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

One who goes beyond the usual, or the just, bounds, or who does his utmost, in narration and in the rehearsal of sayings.

1.1figurative · مجاز

And, with ة: a large, corpulent, fleshy woman.

Show Lane's original text
One who exceeds the usual, or the just, bounds, or who does his utmost, in narration, and in the rehearsal of sayings. (TA.) And, with ة , A large, corpulent, fleshy, woman. (JK, A, K.)