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توب

Form 1 · Form 10  ·  5 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 87

Form 1تَابَ2 senses · 1 main
maṣdarتَوْبَةٌmuḍāriʿيَتُوبُ

Core sense — he repented, he returned unto God from sin; God became again forgiving to himgenerated

1.1he repented; he repented toward God—تاب إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ

maṣdar تَوْبَةٌ and تَوْبٌ, both with the same meaning. The ة in the first is added to mark the feminine gender, or, as some say, the first is an ism waḥda like ضَرْبَةٌ.

Akh says that تَوْبٌ is the plural [or ism jamʿ] of تَوْبَةٌ, as عَوْمٌ is of عَوْمَةٌ, or as لَوْزٌ is of لَوْزَةٌ; this is also Mbr's opinion.

Also تَابَةٌ, which stands for تَوْبَةٌ; and مَتَابٌ; and تَتْوِبَةٌ, of the measure تَفْعِلَةٌ, an irregular form, meaning the same as تَوْبَةٌ, mentioned in the Book of Sb.

Originally: he returned to God, مِنْ كَذَا and عَنْ كَذَا [from such a thing]; or he returned, [or returned to God,] from sin, or from his sin, or from disobedience to obedience.

he desisted from his sin—تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ
repentance of sin—تَوْبَةٌ
[Repentance is] a returning from sin—النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ

That is, grieving for the sin, or regretting it, with the confession of having no excuse for committing it.

So in a tradition.

The time of El-Islām is called زَمَنُ التَّوْبَةِ, as being the time of returning from [or repenting of] the belief in a plurality of gods.

A poet says: [I have repented toward You, and accept my repentance; and I have fasted, my Lord, and accept my fast]

shāhid
تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَتَقَبَّلْ تَابَتِىوَصُمْتُ رَبِّى فَتَفَبَّلْ صَامَتِى

; meaning تَوْبَتِى and صَوْمَتِى.

1.1.1God returned to forgiveness toward him; He became forgiving to him again—تَابَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ

Or He disposed him to repentance, or to returning from sin or disobedience; or He turned from severity to mildness toward him; or He returned to him with His favour, or grace, and His acceptance, becoming favourable to him again: all these meanings are correct.

Or God forgave him and saved him from acts of disobedience; or accepted his repentance; or returned toward him with mercy and acceptance of repentance.

Lane cites “Jel in ii. 35” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 2 shown of 56
20:122
ثُمَّ ٱجْتَبَـٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَىٰ

But his Lord chose him (for His Grace): He turned to him, and gave him Guidance.

25:71
وَمَن تَابَ وَعَمِلَ صَـٰلِحًا فَإِنَّهُۥ يَتُوبُ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ مَتَابًا

And whoever repents and does good has truly turned to Allah with an (acceptable) conversion;-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (T, A,) or تاب إِلَى ٱللّٰهِ , (S, M, K,) aor. يَتُوبُ , (Msb,) inf. n. تَوْبَةٌ and تَوْبٌ , (T, S, M, Msb, K,) both of these signifying the same, (T, S, M, Msb,) the ة in the former being added to denote the fem. gender, or, as some say, the former is a n. un. like ضَرْبَةٌ , (Msb,) or, as Akh says, تَوْبٌ is pl. [or a quasi-pl. n.] of تَوْبَةٌ , like as عَوْمٌ is of عَوْمَةٌ , (S,) or like as لَوْزٌ is of لَوْزَةٌ , and this is the opinion of Mbr, (M,) and تَابَةٌ , (M, K,) which is for تَوْبَةٌ , (M,) and مَتَابٌ (S, M, A, K) and تَتْوِبَةٌ , (S, * M, * K,) of the measure تَفْعِلَةٌ , (S, M,) an anomalous form, (TA,) syn. with تَوْبَةٌ , mentioned in the Book of Sb; (S;) [He repented; or repented toward God; as will be shown by what follows:] originally, he returned unto God, (T, TA,) مِنْ كَذَا and عَنْ كَذَا [from such a thing]: (TA:) or he returned, [or returned unto God,] (S, M, A, K,) from sin, (S,) or from his sin, (A,) or from disobedience (M, K) to obedience: (M:) or تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ signifies he desisted from his sin: (Msb:) تَوْبَةٌ signifies the repenting of sin; i. e. the grieving for it, or regretting it, with the confession of having no excuse for the commission thereof. (Kull.) It is said in a trad., النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ [Repentance is] a returning from sin. (S.) The time of El-Islám is termed زَمَنُ التَّوْبَةِ as being The time of returning from [or repenting of] the belief in a plurality of gods. (A.) A poet says, 1 [I have repented toward Thee, and accept Thou my repentance; and I have fasted, O my Lord, and accept Thou my fast]; meaning تَوْبَتِى and صَوْمَتِى . (M.) تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَتَقَبَّلْ تَابَتِى | وَصُمْتُ رَبِّى فَتَفَبَّلْ صَامَتِى تَابَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ God returned to forgiveness towards him; became again forgiving to him: (T:) or disposed, or adapted, him to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience: (S, K:) or reverted from severity to mildness towards him: or returned to him with his favour, or grace, and his acceptance, or approbation; became again propitious to him: (A, K:) all these meanings are correct: (TA:) or God forgave him, and saved him from acts of disobedience: (Msb:) or accepted his repentance: (Jel in ii. 35 &c.:) or returned towards him with mercy, and acceptance of repentance. (Bd ibid.)
Form 10استتابهُ1 sense

Core sense — he called on him to repent and return from singenerated

10.1

He proposed to him that he should return [to obedience to God], and repent of what he had committed.

Or he asked him to return from sin, or disobedience; or he asked him to desist from his sin.

Show Lane's original text
He proposed to him that he should return [to obedience unto God], (T, A,) and repent of that which he had committed: (T:) he asked him to return from sin, or disobedience: (S, K:) or he asked him to desist from his sin. (Msb.)

Derived nouns 3

Nounتَابُوتٌ1 sense

Core sense — a chest, or box; the ribs with what they contain; a bier, or coffingenerated

1a chest, or box—تَوَبُوتٌ

Originally of this form, the ت not being the mark of the feminine gender; of the measure فَعَلُوتٌ, and from التَّوْبُ, because what is taken out of it keeps returning to it.

Or originally تَابُوَةٌ, the و being made sākin and the ة changed into ت.

IAth also gives: the ribs, with what they contain, such as the heart and the liver, these being likened to a chest or box.

Also the chest, breast, or bosom; or [primarily] the ribs, with what they contain, such as the heart, and hence applied to a chest, or box. Also written تَبُوتٌ.

[Today it is generally applied to a bier, a coffin, or an oblong case placed over a grave; the plural is تَوَابِيتُ.]

El-Kásim Ibn-Maan says that it is the only word in the Qur'ān over which the dialects of Kureysh and the Anṣār differ, the former pronouncing it تَابُوتٌ and the latter تَابُوهٌ.

IB denies that its last letter is originally ة, the feminine ending; he holds the final ت to be a radical letter, the measure of the word to be فَاعُولٌ, and its proper place to be art. تبت. He says that the final ت is changed in a case of pause, but not generally, into ه, as is that of الفُرَات [the Euphrates], where the ت is not the feminine ending.

I have not put away in my chest anything of knowledge that I have lost—مَا أَوْدَعْتُ تَابُوتِى شَيْئًا فَقَدْتُهُ

So in art. تبت.

Show Lane's original text
, originally تَوَبُوتٌ , the ت not being the characteristic of the fem. gender, (Z, MF, TA,) of the measure فَعَلُوتٌ , and meaning A chest, or box, from التَّوْبُ , because what is taken out from it continually returns to it: (AAF, IJ, Z, MF, TA:) or originally تَابُوَةٌ ; (S, K; [in the CK تَأْبُوَةٌ ;]) the و being made quiescent, and the ة changed into ت : (S, K:) [in Chald. ?: in Hebr. ?:] it signifies also the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart and the liver &c.; as being likened to a chest, or box; (IAth, TA in art. تبت ;) the chest, breast, or bosom: (A in that art.:) or [primarily] the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart &c.: and [hence] applied to a chest, or box: (Towsheeh, MF, TA:) also written تَبُوتٌ . (K in art. تبت .) [It is generally applied in the present day to a bier: a coffin: and an oblong case that is placed over a grave: the pl. is تَوَابِيتُ .] El-Kásim Ibn-Maan says that it is the only word in the Kur-án in respect of which the dialects of Kureysh and the Ansár differ; the former pronouncing it تَابُوتٌ ; (S;) and the latter, تَابُوهٌ . (S, K.) But IB denies that its last letter is originally ة , the fem. termination; asserting the final ت to be a radical letter, the measure of the word to be فَاعُولٌ , and its proper place in art. تبت : he says that the final ت is changed in a case of pause, but not generally, into ه , as is that of الفُرَات [the Euphrates], in which the ت is not the fem. termination. (L, TA.) You say, مَا أَوْدَعْتُ تَابُوتِى شَيْئًا فَقَدْتُهُ , meaning I have not deposited in my bosom anything of knowledge, or science, that I have lost. (A in art. تبت .)
Nounتَوَّابٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one who repents much or often; one who often forgivesgenerated

1

Applied to a man: [one who repents much or often;] returning from disobedience to obedience [to God] much or often.

1.1

Applied to God: One who returns [much or often] to forgiveness toward His servant who returns to Him; or who [often] disposes to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience; or turns from severity to mildness; or returns with His favour or grace, etc., as in the last part of form 1.

Or One who forgives much, and saves from acts of disobedience.

Qur’ānic occurrences تَوَّاب 2 shown of 12
24:10
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُۥ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ حَكِيمٌ

If it were not for Allah's grace and mercy on you, and that Allah is Oft-Returning, full of Wisdom,- (Ye would be ruined indeed).

110:3
فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْهُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ تَوَّابًۢا

Celebrate the praises of thy Lord, and pray for His Forgiveness: For He is Oft-Returning (in Grace and Mercy).

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, applied to a man, [One who repents much or often;] returning from disobedience to obedience [to God] (M, K, TA) much or often. (TA.) And applied to God, One who returns [much or often] to forgiveness towards his servant who returns unto Him: (T:) or who [often] disposes, or adapts, to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience; or reverts from severity to mildness; or returns with his favour or grace, &c.: (A, K: [see 1, last sentence:]) or who forgives much, and save from acts of disobedience. (Msb.)
Nounتَائِبٌ1 sense

Core sense — repenting of sin, returning from disobedience to obedience to Godgenerated

1

[Repenting of sin; originally,] returning from disobedience to obedience to God.

Show Lane's original text
[Repenting of sin: (see 1:) originally,] returning from disobedience (M, K) to obedience to God. (M.)