muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarتَعْسٌ
Core sense — he fell, having stumbled; he perished; he was degradedgenerated
1.1may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time—تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ
maṣdar تَعْسٌ and تَعسَ. Also تَعَسَ, but this last is not good Arabic.
Or the first is used in addressing a person, saying تَعَسْتَ, and the second in narration, according to Sh; but ISd says that this is strange.
He fell, having stumbled — the opposite of اِنْتَعَشَ; this is the primary meaning. Or he stumbled and fell upon his hands and mouth, or upon his face. Er-Rustamee: he fell upon his face. [And this may also be meant by one of the explanations of the maṣdar, which is نُكْسٌ فِى سَفَالٍ.] Or he fell in any manner.
The first two of these are said by way of imprecation.
[May he fall, having stumbled, or stumble and fall, &c., and not rise again; and may he be pricked with a thorn, and not extract the thorn]—تَعَسَ فَمَا ٱنْتَعَشَ وَشِيكَ فَلَا ٱنْتَقَشَ
he missed his proof in litigation, and the object of his search in seeking—تَعَسَ
According to certain of the Kilábees.
1.1.1may you perish—تَعَسْتَ
Said as though it meant this.
Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà: he perished.
1.1.2
He became far removed.
1.1.3[His fortune, or good fortune, fell: or may his fortune, or good fortune, fall]—تَعَسَ جَدُّهُ
He became lowered, or degraded.
Mentioned in the article عثر.
1.2God made him fall, having stumbled—تَعَسَهُ ٱللّٰهُ
The first of the two is unknown to Sb.
[.]
God made him fall, having stumbled—اتعسهُ
on this sense Or God made him stumble and fall upon his hands and mouth, or upon his face; or fall upon his face; or fall in any manner.
1.2.1
God destroyed him, or made him perish.
1.2.2
God made him become far removed.
1.2.3
God lowered, or degraded, him.
1.2.4may he fall upon his face—تَعْسًا لَهُ
Said by way of imprecation. Or: may he fall, having stumbled; or stumble and fall; or stumble and fall upon his hands and mouth, or upon his face; or may God make destruction cleave to him; [or may God destroy him.]
Aboo-Is-hák says, in explanation of the phrase فَتَعْسًا لَهُمْ in the Qur'ān 47:9, that it may be in the accusative case as meaning أَتْعَسَهُمُ ٱللّٰهُ.
may God throw you down upon your nostrils—تَعْسًا
A man says this by way of imprecation to his swift and excellent camel when it stumbles, showing his disapproval that a beast of such age and strength should stumble.
But if it is not a swift and excellent beast, and it stumbles, he says to it لَعًا.
[May God make his fortune, or good fortune, to sink!]—أَتْعَسَ ٱللّٰهُ جَدَّهُ
Qur’ān 47:9 approximate — somewhere between 47:4 and 47:38 Lane cites “Kur xlvii. 9”
Qur’ān 47:8 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَتَعْسًا لَّهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْBut those who reject (Allah),- for them is destruction, and (Allah) will render their deeds astray (from their mark).Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
Show Lane's original text
, aor. تَعَسَ , inf. n. تَعْسٌ ; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) and تَعسَ , aor. تَعَسَ ; (Sh, AHeyth, A, IAth, K;) but the latter is not chaste; (A, TA;) or the former is used in addressing a person, saying تَعَسْتَ ; and the latter, in narration; (K;) accord. to Sh; but ISd says that this is strange; (TA;) He fell, having stumbled; contr. of اِنْتَعَشَ : this is the primary signification: (S:) or he stumbled and fell (AHeyth, A, IAth, K) upon his hands and mouth, (AHeyth, TA,) or upon his face: (IAth, TA:) or he fell upon his face: (Er-Rustamee, Msb, TA:) [and this may also be meant by one of the explanations of the inf. n. in the TA, which is نُكْسٌ فِى سَفَالٍ :] or he fell in any manner. (TA.) You say, by way of imprecation, تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ , meaning May he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time. (Msb.) And تَعَسَ فَمَا ٱنْتَعَشَ وَشِيكَ فَلَا ٱنْتَقَشَ [May he fall, having stumbled, or stumble and fall, &c., and not rise again; and may he be pricked with a thorn, and not extract the thorn]. (TA.) And accord. to certain of the Kilábees, تَعَسَ signifies He missed his proof in litigation, and the object of his search in seeking. (TA.) He perished. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, S, K.) You say, تَعَسْتَ , as though meaning Mayest thou perish. (ISh, TA.) He became far removed. (A, K.) He became lowered, or degraded. (A, K.) You say also, تَعَسَ جَدُّهُ [His fortune, or good fortune, fell: or may his fortune, or good fortune, fall]. (K in art. عثر .) تَعَسَهُ ٱللّٰهُ , [aor. تَعَسَ , inf. n. تَعْسٌ ;] (A'Obeyd, A, Msb, K;) and اتعسهُ ; (AHeyth, S, A, Msb, K;) the former unknown to Sb; (Az, TA;) God made him to fall, having stumbled: (S:) or to stumble and fall (AHeyth, A, K) upon his hands and mouth, (AHeyth, TA,) or upon his face: (TA:) or to fall upon his face: (Msb:) or to fall in any manner. (TA.) God destroyed him; or made him to perish. (A'Obeyd, S, K.) God made him to become far removed. (A, K.) God lowered, or degraded, him. (A, K.) You say, by way of imprecation, تَعْسًا لَهُ May he [fall, having stumbled: or, stumble and fall: or, stumble and fall upon his hands and mouth: or, upon his face: or] fall upon his face: (Msb:) or may God make destruction to cleave to him: (S, TA:) [or may God destroy him.] Aboo-Is-hák says, in explanation of the phrase فَتَعْسًا لَهُمْ , in the Kur xlvii. 9, that it may be in the accus. case as meaning أَتْعَسَهُمُ ٱللّٰهُ . (TA.) A man also says, by way of imprecation, to his swift and excellent camel, when it stumbles, تَعْسًا , meaning May God throw thee down upon thy nostrils: expressing his disapproval of the stumbling of a beast of such age and strength: but if it be not a swift and excellent beast, and stumble, he says to it لَعًا . (TA.) You say also, أَتْعَسَ ٱللّٰهُ جَدَّهُ [May God make his fortune, or good fortune, to sink!] (A.)