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ترف

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 5 · Form 10  ·  9 entries  ·  Qur'ānic frequency 8

Form 1تَرِفَ2 senses · 1 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarتَرَفٌ

Core sense — he lived a plentiful, easy, and delicate life; it became luxuriant, said of a plantgenerated

1.1he lived a plentiful, pleasant, and delicate life; a life of ease and plenty—تترّف

. The verb of this entry and this verb have the same meaning.

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Of the first verb, said of a plant or herbage: it was luxuriant, flourishing, and sappy; or bright and fresh from plentiful watering.

Show Lane's original text
, aor. تَرَفَ , (Sgh, K,) inf. n. تَرَفٌ , (M, TA,) He enjoyed, or led, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life; or a life of ease and plenty; (M, Sgh, K;) as also تترّف . (K.) And the former verb, It (a plant, or herbage,) was, or became, luxuriant, flourishing, succulent, or sappy; or bright and fresh, by reason of plentiful irrigation. (M, TA.)
Form 2تَرَّفَ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he made him lead a life of ease; he made the man submissive, or kinggenerated

2.1

See form 4, in two places.

2.1.1good feeding—تَتْرِيفٌ

Apparently as the maṣdar of the passive verb, تُرِّفَ also has this meaning.

2.1.2he made the man submissive; and he made the man king, or prince—ترّف الرَّجُلَ

اترفهُ has both these meanings too, like رَفَّلَهُ.

Show Lane's original text
see 4, in two places. تَتْرِيفٌ [app. as the inf. n. of the pass. verb, تُرِّفَ , also signifies] Good feeding. (M.) And ترّف الرَّجُلَ , and اترفهُ , He rendered the man submissive; or made him to submit: and he made the man king, or prince: [in both senses] like رَفَّلَهُ . (M.)
Form 4أَتْرَفَتْهُ النِّعْمَةٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — wealth made him behave excessively; it made him lead a life of ease and plentygenerated

4.1it made him exult greatly, and behave insolently and ungratefully—تَرَّفَتْهُ

[Wealth, or what God bestowed upon him,] made him behave excessively; be excessively disobedient or rebellious; exalt himself and go to extremes in unbelief; or be extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing. سَعَةُ العَيْشِ [plentifulness and easiness of life] has the same effect.

And [wealth, or what God bestowed upon him,] made him lead a plentiful, pleasant, and delicate life; a life of ease and plenty. تَرَّفَتْهُ has the same meaning.

4.1.1he gave the man the object of his eager desire, or of his longing—اترف الرَّجُلَ
4.1.2

See also form 2.

4.2he persisted in, or resolved upon, transgression, wrongdoing, or turning from the right way—اترف

So says El-'Ozeyzee.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
11:116
فَلَوْلَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْقُرُونِ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ أُو۟لُوا۟ بَقِيَّةٍ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْفَسَادِ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّمَّنْ أَنجَيْنَا مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَٱتَّبَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مَآ أُتْرِفُوا۟ فِيهِ وَكَانُوا۟ مُجْرِمِينَ

Why were there not, among the generations before you, persons possessed of balanced good sense, prohibiting (men) from mischief in the earth - except a few among them whom We saved (from harm)? But the wrong-doers pursued the enjoyment of the good things of life which were given them, and persisted in sin.

21:13
لَا تَرْكُضُوا۟ وَٱرْجِعُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰ مَآ أُتْرِفْتُمْ فِيهِ وَمَسَـٰكِنِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْـَٔلُونَ

Flee not, but return to the good things of this life which were given you, and to your homes in order that ye may be called to account.

23:33
وَقَالَ ٱلْمَلَأُ مِن قَوْمِهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِلِقَآءِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ وَأَتْرَفْنَـٰهُمْ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا مَا هَـٰذَآ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يَأْكُلُ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَشْرَبُ مِمَّا تَشْرَبُونَ

And the chiefs of his people, who disbelieved and denied the Meeting in the Hereafter, and on whom We had bestowed the good things of this life, said: "He is no more than a man like yourselves: he eats of that of which ye eat, and drinks of what ye drink.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[Wealth, or what God bestowed upon him,] made him to behave exorbitantly; to be excessively disobedient or rebellious; to exalt himself, and be inordinate in infidelity; or to be extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing: (S, K:) and so سَعَةُ العَيْشِ [plentifulness and easiness of life]: and in like manner, تَرَّفَتْهُ it caused him to exult, or to exult greatly, or excessively, and to behave insolently and unthankfully, or ungratefully. (TA.) And [Wealth, or what God bestowed upon him,] made him to enjoy, or lead, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life; or a life of ease and plenty; as also تَرَّفَتْهُ . (K.) اترف الرَّجُلَ He gave the man the object of his eager desire; or of his yearning, or longing, or appetency. (Lh, M.) See also 2. اترف also signifies He persevered in, or persisted in, or resolved upon, transgression, wrongdoing, or deviation from the right way. (El-'Ozeyzee, K.)
Form 5تَتَرَّفَ1 sense

Core sense — he lived a life of ease and plentygenerated

5.1

See form 1.

Show Lane's original text
see 1.
Form 10استترف1 sense

Core sense — he behaved proudly and insolently; he behaved excessively and rebelliouslygenerated

10.1

He magnified himself; he behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently. He behaved excessively; he was excessively disobedient or rebellious; he exalted himself and went to extremes in unbelief; or he was extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing.

Show Lane's original text
He magnified himself; or behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently: he behaved exorbitantly; was excessively disobedient or rebel-lious; exalted himself, and was inordinate in infidelity; or was extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing. (Z, Sgh, K.)

Derived nouns 4

Nounتُرْفَةٌ5 senses · 3 main

Core sense — a life of ease and plenty; good, pleasant food; a novel and pleasing giftgenerated

1

Plentifulness, pleasantness or easiness, and softness or delicacy of life; a life of delicacy and of ease, comfort, or affluence; ease and plenty. Synonymous with نَعْمَةٌ and سَعَةُ العَيْشِ; or the same as نِعْمَةٌ [that is, wealth; or what God bestows upon one].

I think this last a mistranscription, for نَعْمة.

1.1

Good, sweet, or pleasant food.

1.2a new, or strange, thing that one gives specially to a friend, or by which one distinguishes a friend—شَىْءٌ طَرِيفٌ

In some copies of the K, ظَرِيف is put in the place of طَرِيف.

any novel, or rare, and pleasing present—طُرْفَة

That is, a gift not given to anyone before; or one of which the recipient did not possess the like, and which pleases him.

2

A thing protuberant, by nature, in the middle of the upper lip.

3

A مِسْقَاة with which one drinks; see that word.

Show Lane's original text
Plentifulness, and pleasantness or easiness, and softness or delicacy, of life; a life of softness or delicacy, and ease, comfort, or affluence; or ease and plenty; syn. نَعْمَةٌ , (T, K, TA,) and سَعَةُ العَيْشِ : (TA:) or i. q. نِعْمَةٌ [i. e. wealth; or what God bestows upon one; &c.]. (Mgh, and so in the CK. [But this I think a mistranscription, for نَعْمة .]) Good, sweet, or pleasant, food. (IDrd, M, K.) A new, or strange, thing, ( شَىْءٌ طَرِيفٌ , [in some copies of the K, ظَرِيف is put in the place of طَرِيف ,]) that one appropriates, or peculiarly assigns, [as a gift] to a friend; or by [the gift of] which one distinguishes a friend: (K:) any طُرْفَة [i. e. gift not given to any one before; or of which the recipient did not possess the like, and which pleases him; or novel, or rare, and pleasing, present]. (M, TA.) A thing protuberant in the middle of the upper lip, by nature. (Lth, * T, * S, M, K.) A مِسْقَاة [q. v.] with which one drinks. (M, TA.)
Nounأَتْرَفُ1 sense

Core sense — having a natural protuberance in the middle of his upper lipgenerated

1

Having a natural protuberance in the middle of his upper lip, called تُرْفَة.

Show Lane's original text
Having a natural protuberance in the middle of his upper lip, called تُرْفَة . (Lth, * T, * M, K.)
Nounمُتْرَفٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — one left to do as he will; one leading a life of ease and plentygenerated

1

[Ism mafʿūl of form 4.]

Ibn-'Arafeh: one left to do what he will, and not prevented from doing so.

1.1one whose means of subsistence are made ample, or plentiful—مُتَرَّفٌ
one who magnifies himself; one who behaves proudly, haughtily, or insolently—جَبَّارٌ

And hence, according to Ibn-'Arafeh, one leading a plentiful, pleasant, and delicate life; a life of ease and plenty; luxurious, indulging himself largely in the pleasures of the present life and in its eager desires; one who is not prevented from enjoying himself; and one whose means of subsistence are made ample.

Also one whom a life of ease and plenty and softness, or whom wealth, or what God has bestowed upon him, causes to exult greatly and to behave insolently and ungratefully.

So says Katádeh, in explaining the phrase أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا in the Qur'ān 17:17 [see أَمَرَ].

Or, according to some, مترفيها here means the worst of its chiefs, and the leaders in evil.

1.2

This word, or else مُتَرَّفٌ: a boy made soft, or delicate, in body, and rendered submissive.

Qur’ānic occurrences مُتْرَفِين 3 shown of 5
23:64
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَخَذْنَا مُتْرَفِيهِم بِٱلْعَذَابِ إِذَا هُمْ يَجْـَٔرُونَ

Until, when We seize in Punishment those of them who received the good things of this world, behold, they will groan in supplication!

34:34
وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِى قَرْيَةٍ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا بِمَآ أُرْسِلْتُم بِهِۦ كَـٰفِرُونَ

Never did We send a warner to a population, but the wealthy ones among them said: "We believe not in the (Message) with which ye have been sent."

56:45
إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ

For that they were wont to be indulged, before that, in wealth (and luxury),

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
[pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.] One left to do what he will; not prevented from doing so. (Ibn- 'Arafeh, K.) And hence, (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA,) One enjoying, or leading, a plentiful; and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life; or a life of ease and plenty: (Ibn-'Arafeh, M, K, TA:) luxurious, or indulging himself largely in the pleasures, or delights, of the present life, and in its appetites, or eager desires: (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA:) one who is not prevented from enjoying himself: (K, TA:) and one whose means of subsistence are made ample, or plentiful; as also مُتَرَّفٌ : (M:) one whom plentifulness, and pleasantness or easiness, and softness or delicacy, of life, or whom a life of ease and plenty, (T,) or whom wealth, or what God has bestowed upon him, and plentifulness and easiness of life, (Mgh,) causes to exult, or to exult greatly, or excessively, and to behave insolently and unthankfully, or ungratefully: (T, Mgh:) and i. q. جَبَّارٌ [i. e. one who magnifies himself; or behaves proudly, haughtily, or insolently; &c.]: (K:) so says Katádeh, in explaining the phrase أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا , in the Kur [xvii. 17: see أَمَرَ ]: or, accord. to some, مترفيها here means the worst of its chiefs; and the leaders in evil. (TA.) Also, (TA,) or مُتَرَّفٌ , (T,) A boy made soft, or delicate, in body, and rendered submissive. (T, TA.)
Nounمُتَرَّفٌ1 sense

Core sense — one made to lead a soft, delicate life of ease and plentygenerated

1

See مُتْرَفٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
: see مُتْرَفٌ , in two places.