بهت

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 3 · Form 6 · 14 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 8

Form 1بُهِتَ4 senses · 2 main

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarبَهْتٌ

Core sense — he was confounded, perplexed, or amazed; he calumniated himgenerated

1.1He was, or became, confounded, perplexed, or amazed, and unable to see his right course, not knowing what to prefer nor what to postpone—بَهَتَ

This is the most chaste form of the verb in the sense that follows, and the commonest; it is the only form allowed by Th and IKt.

Also بَهِتَ, in which the ḍammeh is said to make the meaning more intense, as in قَضُوَ الرَّجُلُ, and بَهَتَ.

In art. اشر: he looked at a thing that he saw with a look of wonder; he was, or became, affected with wonder.

Explained also as انْقَطَعَ: he was cut short and became silent, being confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course.

Said of an adversary in a dispute or litigation: he was overcome by an argument, an allegation, or a plea.

All these forms occur in different readings of the saying in the Qur'ān [2:260], فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَرَ and فَبَهِتَ and the like, explained in the Wáʿee as meaning: And he who disbelieved remained in confusion, or perplexity, not seeing his right course, looking like one in wonder (Lb).

But according to the reader who reads فَبَهَتَ, the word الذى may stand as a noun in the accusative case.

1.2He, or it, made him become confounded, perplexed, or amazed, so that he did not see his right course—بَهَتَهُ

. So Zj and the Msb; Golius, on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof, assigns this meaning to بهّتهُ.

Or: he took him unawares, by surprise, or suddenly.

Zj cites as an example of the first meaning the saying in the Qur'ān [21:41], تَأْتِيهِمْ بَغْتَةً فَتَبْهَتُهُمْ, that is: It shall come upon them suddenly, or unawares, and make them become confounded, and so on; Bd and Jel explain it in the same way. Or: and shall overcome them.

J cites the same passage as an example of the second of the two meanings above; but this needs consideration, for the meaning he gives is taken from the word بغتة, not from البَهْتُ.

It is also said that مُبَاهَتَةٌ [maṣdar of باهتهُ] means the taking, or coming upon, one unawares, by surprise, or unexpectedly.

1.2.1He calumniated him; he accused him falsely; he said against him what he had not done—بَهَتَهُ

In the saying of Abu-n-Nejm [Revile the mother-in-law, and calumniate her, or forge lies against her]

shāhid

سُبِّى الحَمَاةَ وَٱبْهَتِى عَلَيْهَا

, على is [said by J to be] redundant, for one does not say بَعَتَ عَلَيْهِ but only بَهَتَهُ.

On this F says, in the K, that فَٱبْهَتِى عليها [so in the K] is a mistake, that J is in error, and that the right reading is فَٱنْهَتِى عليها with ن; but this claim of F's rests on the authority of those who relate the verse in which the word occurs.

IB says that ابهتى may be made transitive here by means of على, because it is synonymous with اِفْتَرِى, which is made transitive in that way, as happens in other instances too; he gives an example from the Qur'ān [24:63], يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ, meaning يَخْرُجُونَ عن امره. He adds that, according to J, عن in this example should be counted redundant, but that عن and على are not used redundantly like ب.

maṣdar بَهْتٌ, بَهَتٌ, and بُهْتَانٌ, or the last is a simple substantive.

[Or he did so in such a way as to make one confounded, or perplexed, or amazed, at the falsity of the charge, and unable to see his right course: see بُهْتَانٌ below.]

He also lied against him, and forged a lie, or lies, against him; the same as قَابَلَهُ بِالكَذِبِ [he accused him to his face falsely, or with falsehood].

البَهْتُ means اِسْتِقْبَالُكَ أَخَاكَ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ [your accusing your brother, or fellow, to his face, of what is not in him].

he accused her falsely of adultery, and forged a lie against her—بَهَتَهَا

. [See also اِغْتَابَهُ.]

1.2.2He removed the stallion from the she-camel so that a stallion of more generous race might cover her—بَهَتَ الفَحْلَ عَنِ النَّاقَةِ

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1

2:258

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِى حَآجَّ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمَ فِى رَبِّهِۦٓ أَنْ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمُ رَبِّىَ ٱلَّذِى يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا۠ أُحْىِۦ وَأُمِيتُ ۖ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِـۧمُ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْتِى بِٱلشَّمْسِ مِنَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ ٱلْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَرَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

Hast thou not Turned thy vision to one who disputed with Abraham About his Lord, because Allah had granted him power? Abraham said: "My Lord is He Who Giveth life and death." He said: "I give life and death". Said Abraham: "But it is Allah that causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth Allah Give guidance to a people unjust.

21:40

بَلْ تَأْتِيهِم بَغْتَةً فَتَبْهَتُهُمْ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ رَدَّهَا وَلَا هُمْ يُنظَرُونَ

Nay, it may come to them all of a sudden and confound them: no power will they have then to avert it, nor will they (then) get respite.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste form of the verb in the sense here following, (S, TA,) and that which most commonly obtains, and the only form allowed by Th and IKt; (TA;) and بَهِتَ , (S, L, Msb, K,) aor. بَهَتَ ; (Msb, K;) and بَهُتَ , (S, L, Msb, K,) in which the dammeh is said to give intensiveness to the signification, as in قَضُوَ الرَّجُلُ , (TA,) aor. بَهُتَ ; (Msb, K;) and بَهَتَ , aor. بَهُتَ (K) and بَهَتَ ; (TA;) inf. n. بَهْتٌ ; (JK, K;) He was, or became, confounded, perplexed, or amazed, and unable to see his right course; (JK, S, Msb, K;) not knowing what to prefer nor what to postpone: (TA in art. اشر :) he looked at a thing that he saw with a look of wonder: (A, TA:) he was, or became, affected with wonder: (JK:) he was, or became, cut short, ( انْقَطَعَ , K, TA,) and was silent, being confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course: (TA:) he (an adversary in a dispute or litigation) was overcome by an argument, an allegation, or a plea. (L.) All these forms occur in different readings of the saying in the Kur [ii. 260], فَبُهِتَ ٱلَّذِى كَفَرَ and فَبَهِتَ &c., (IJ, TA,) explained in the Wá'ee as meaning, And he who disbelieved remained in confusion, or perplexity, not seeing his right course, looking as one in wonder: (Lb, TA:) but accord. to him who reads فَبَهَتَ , the word الذى may hold the place of a noun in the accus. case [as will be seen from what follows]. (IJ, TA.) بَهَتَهُ , aor. بَهَتَ , (S, Msb,) inf. n. بَهْتٌ , (S, K,) He, or it, caused him to become confounded, perplexed, or amazed, not seeing his right course: (Zj, Msb: [Golius, on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof, assigns this meaning to بهّتهُ :]) or took him unawares, or by surprise, or unexpectedly, or suddenly. (S, K.) Zj cites as an ex. of the former meaning the saying in the Kur [xxi. 41], تَأْتِيهِمْ بَغْتَةً فَتَبْهَتُهُمْ , i. e., It shall come upon them suddenly, or unawares, and cause them to become confounded, &c.: (TA: and so Bd and Jel explain it:) or, and shall overcome them: (Bd:) J cites the same as an ex. of the latter of the two meanings in the preceding sentence; but his doing so requires consideration; for the meaning which he gives is taken from the word بغتة ; not from البَهْتُ . (MF, TA.) [But it is said also that] مُبَاهَتَةٌ [inf. n. of باهتهُ ] signifies The taking, or coming upon, [one] unawares, by surprise, or unexpectedly. (JK.) بَهَتَهُ , aor. بَهَتَ , (S, A, K, &c.,) inf. n. بَهْتٌ and بَهَتٌ and بُهْتَانٌ , (S, K,) or the last is a simple subst., (Msb,) He calumniated him; slandered him; accused him falsely; said against him that which he had not done: (S, A, K:) [or he did so in such a manner as to make one to be confounded, or perplexed, or amazed, at the falsity of the charge, and not to see his right course: (see بُهْتَانٌ , below:)] he lied against him; forged a lie, or lies, against him; and i. q. قَابَلَهُ بِالكَذِبِ [he accused him to his face falsely, or with falsehood]; (TA;) البَهْتُ signifies اِسْتِقْبَالُكَ أَخَاكَ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ [thy accusing thy brother, or fellow, to his face, of that which is not in him]: (JK:) and بَهَتَهَا , aor. بَهَتَ , inf. n. بَهْتٌ , he accused her falsely of adultery; and forged a lie against her. (Msb.) [See also اِغْتَابَهُ .] In the saying of Abu-n-Nejm, 1 [Revile thou the mother-in-law, and calumniate her, or forge lies against her], على is [said by J to be] redundant, or pleonastic; for one does not say, بَعَتَ عَلَيْهِ , but only بَهَتَهُ . (S.) Upon this, F says, in the K, that فَٱبْهَتِى عليها [thus in the K] is a mistake; that J is in error, and that the right reading is فَٱنْهَتِى عليها , with ن : but this assertion made by F depends upon the authority of relaters of the verse in which the word in question occurs. (MF.) IB says that ابهتى may be here rendered trans. by means of على because it is syn. with اِفْتَرِى , which is so rendered trans., in like manner as is done in other instances, of which he gives an ex. from the Kur [xxiv. 63], يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ , meaning يَخْرُجُونَ عن امره : he adds that, accord. to J, عن in this ex. should be considered redundant; but that عن and على are not used redundantly like ب . (TA.) سُبِّى الحَمَاةَ وَٱبْهَتِى عَلَيْهَا بَهَتَ الفَحْلَ عَنِ النَّاقَةِ He removed the stallion from the she-camel in order that a stallion of more generous race might cover her. (TA.)

Form 2بَهَّتَ1 sense

Core sense — he calumniated him; he confounded himgenerated

2.1

See form 1.

Show Lane's original text

see 1.

Form 3باهتهُ3 senses · 1 main

maṣdarمُبَاهَتَةٌ

Core sense — he calumniated him; he confounded him by what he forgedgenerated

3.1

. See form 1.

3.1.1[Between them two is mutual calumniation]—بَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاهَتَةٌ

[His custom is to engage with another in mutual scrutiny of secrets, or faults, or the like, and in mutual calumniation]—عَادَتُهُ أَنْ يُبَاحِثَ وَيُبَاهِتَ

[Do not calumniate one another, nor hate one another on account of any foul, or evil, affair]—لَا تَبَاهَتُوا وَلَا تَمَاقَتُوا

on this sense [Also: he engaged with him in mutual calumny, slander, or false accusation — a meaning indicated, though not expressed, in the A.]

3.1.2

And: he confounded, perplexed, or amazed him — that is, his hearer — by what he forged against him.

Show Lane's original text

, inf. n. مُبَاهَتَةٌ : see 1. [Also He engaged with him in mutual calumny, slander, or false accusation: a meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the A.] You say, بَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاهَتَةٌ [Between them two is mutual calumniation, &c.]: and عَادَتُهُ أَنْ يُبَاحِثَ وَيُبَاهِتَ [His custom is to engage with another in mutual scrutiny of secrets, or faults, or the like, and in mutual calumniation, &c.]: and لَا تَبَاهَتُوا وَلَا تَمَاقَتُوا [Calumniate ye not one another, &c., nor hate ye one another on account of any foul, or evil, affair]. (A.) And He confounded, perplexed, or amazed, him (namely, his hearer,) by what he forged against him. (TA.)

Form 6تَبَاْهَتَ1 sense

Core sense — they calumniated one anothergenerated

6.1

See form 3.

Show Lane's original text

see 3.

Derived nouns 10

Nounبَهْتٌ2 senses

Core sense — a calumny; a certain well-known kind of stonegenerated

See بُهْتَانٌ.

A certain well-known kind of stone.

Show Lane's original text

: see بُهْتَانٌ . A certain well-known kind of stone. (K.)

Nounبُهْتٌ2 senses

Core sense — a calumny; a reckoning of the daily motion of the starsgenerated

See بُهْتَانٌ, in two places.

A certain reckoning of the stars: the direct course of stars in a day. [In Persian, a planet's motion in any given time.] Az thought it was not Arabic.

Show Lane's original text

: see بُهْتَانٌ , in two places. A certain sidereal computation, or calculation; being [that of] the direct course of stars in a day: [in Persian, a planet's motion in any given time: (Johnson's Pers. Arab. and Engl. Dict.:)] thought by Az to be not Arabic. (TA.)

Nounبُهْتَانٌ1 sense

Core sense — a calumny, a slander, a false accusation; a liegenerated

1He accused him with, or of, calumny—رَمَاهُ بِالبَهِيتَةِ

This and بَهِيتَةٌ mean the same [when the former is used as a substantive, that is, a calumny, slander, or false accusation].

Or both mean — the former as Aboo-Is-hák explains it, and the latter as explained in the K — a falsehood that leaves one confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; and بُهْتٌ seems to be indicated as meaning the same.

Aboo-Is-hák: from البَهْتُ in the sense of being confounded, and the like.

The former is a substantive meaning also a false accusation of adultery against a woman, and a forging of a lie against her; and the latter, and the former too, simply a lying, or a lie, or falsehood; and so also بُهْتٌ and بَهْتٌ.

بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا in the Qur'ān 4:24 is said to mean falsely accusing of adultery and acting in a manifestly sinful or criminal way; or it means acting wrongfully, and the like.

O, come to my aid, or succour, on account of the calumny!—يَا ِللْبَهِيتَةِ

With kesr to the preposition ل; it is a phrase used in calling for aid, or succour.

O the calumny!—يَا َللْبَهِيتَةِ

With fet-h to the preposition ل; this is how you express wonder.

Qur’ān 4:20 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur iv. 24”

Qur’ān 4:20 Lane quotes this verse

وَإِنْ أَرَدتُّمُ ٱسْتِبْدَالَ زَوْجٍ مَّكَانَ زَوْجٍ وَءَاتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَىٰهُنَّ قِنطَارًا فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا۟ مِنْهُ شَيْـًٔا ۚ أَتَأْخُذُونَهُۥ بُهْتَـٰنًا وَإِثْمًا مُّبِينًا

But if ye decide to take one wife in place of another, even if ye had given the latter a whole treasure for dower, Take not the least bit of it back: Would ye take it by slander and manifest wrong?Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Qur’ānic occurrences بُهْتَٰن 1 shown of 6

4:156

وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَـٰنًا عَظِيمًا

That they rejected Faith; that they uttered against Mary a grave false charge;

Show Lane's original text

and بَهِيتَةٌ signify the same [when the former is used as a subst.; i. e. A calumny, slander, or false accusation]: (S, A, Msb: [see 1:]) or both signify, the former as explained by Aboo-Is-hák, and the latter as explained in the K, a falsehood by reason of which one is confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; (TA; [in which it seems to be indicated that بُهْتٌ signifies the same;]) from البَهْتُ as meaning “ the being confounded ” &c.: (Aboo-Is-hák, TA:) the former is a subst. signifying [also] a false accusation of adultery against a woman; and a forgery of a lie against her: (Msb:) and ↓ the latter, [and the former also, simply,] a lying, or lie, or falsehood; (K;) and so بُهْتٌ (K) and بَهْتٌ . (TA.) بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا , in the Kur iv. 24, is said to mean Falsely accusing of adultery, and acting in a manifestly sinful or criminal manner: (Bd:) or it means acting wrongfully &c. (Bd, Jel.) You say, رَمَاهُ بِالبَهِيتَةِ [He accused him with, or of, calumny, &c.]. (A.) And يَا ِللْبَهِيتَةِ , with kesr to the [prep.] ل , [i. e., O, come to my aid, or succour, on account of the calumny! &c.; for it is] a phrase used in calling for aid, or succour. (S.) [And if you would express wonder, you say, يَا َللْبَهِيتَةِ , with fet-h to the prep. ل , i. e. O the calumny! &c.]

Nounبَهُوتٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who calumniates much, a great slanderer or false accusergenerated

[A great, or frequent, calumniator, slanderer, or false accuser; and so also بَهَّاتٌ, mentioned in the S only as an adjective applied to one who calumniates, slanders, or accuses falsely;] an intensive adjective from البَهْتُ, that is, an intensive form of the ism fāʿil from البُهْتَان [maṣdar of بَهَتَهُ].

Or the same as مُبَاهِتٌ: one who confounds, perplexes, or amazes the hearer by what he forges against him; and one who falsely accuses a woman of adultery and forges a lie against her.

Plural بُهُتٌ and بُهْتٌ, and according to the K also بُهُوتٌ; but ISd and MF hold this last to be the plural of بَاهِتٌ, not of بَهُوتٌ. ISd observes that a word of the measure فَاعِلٌ is one of those that have a plural of the measure فُعُولٌ, but a word of the measure فَعُولٌ is not; and that A'Obeyd's saying that عُذُوبٌ is the plural of عَذُوبٌ is a mistake, for it is only the plural of عَاذِبٌ, the plural of عَذُوبٌ being عُذُبٌ. [But see art. عذب.]

Show Lane's original text

[A great, or frequent, calumniator, slanderer, or false-accuser; as also بَهَّاتٌ , mentioned in the S only as an epithet applied to him who calumniates, slanders, or accusely falsely;] an intensive epithet from البَهْتُ ; (IAth;) [i. e.] an intensive form of the act. part. n. from البُهْتَان [inf. n. of بَهَتَهُ ]: (Mgh:) or i. q. مُبَاهِتٌ ; (K;) i. e., one who confounds, or perplexes, or amazes, the hearer, by what he forges against him: (TA:) and one who falsely accuses a woman of adultery, and forges a lie against her: (Msb:) pl. بُهُتٌ (IAth, Mgh, Msb, K) and بُهْتٌ , and, accord. to the K, also بُهُوتٌ ; but ISd and MF hold it to be pl. of بَاهِتٌ , not of بَهُوتٌ ; the former observing, that a word of the measure فَاعِلٌ is one of those which have a pl. of the measure فُعُولٌ , but not so one of the measure فَعُولٌ ; and that, as to the saying of A'Obeyd, that عُذُوبٌ is pl. of عَذُوبٌ , it is a mistake; for it is only pl. of عَاذِبٌ , and the pl. of عَذُوبٌ is عُذُبٌ . (TA. [But see art. عذب .])

Nounبَهِيتٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who calumniates, a slanderergenerated

See مَبْهُوتٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

, see مَبْهُوتٌ , in two places.

Nounبَهِيتَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a calumny, a slander, a false accusationgenerated

See بُهْتَانٌ, in five places.

Show Lane's original text

: see بُهْتَانٌ , in five places.

Nounبَهَّاتٌ2 senses

Core sense — one who calumniates much, a great false accusergenerated

See بَهُوتٌ.

And see مَبْهُوتٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَهُوتٌ : and see مَبْهُوتٌ .

Nounبَاهِتٌ2 senses

Core sense — one who confounds another; one who calumniatesgenerated

See مَبْهُوتٌ, in two places.

Also the ism fāʿil [of بَهَتَهُ, meaning: causing to become confounded, and the like; and calumniating, and the like] from البُهْتَانُ.

بُهُوتٌ, mentioned above, is held by ISd and MF to be a plural of this word, not of بَهُوتٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see مَبْهُوتٌ , in two places. Also act. part. n. [of بَهَتَهُ ; signifying Causing to become confounded, &c.: and calumniating, &c.:] from البُهْتَانُ : (Mgh:) بُهُوتٌ , as mentioned above, is held by ISd and MF to be a pl. of this word; not of بَهُوتٌ , q. v. (TA.)

Nounمَبْهُوتٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — confounded, perplexed, or amazed; calumniatedgenerated

Confounded, perplexed, or amazed, and unable to see his right course. [Other similar meanings may be seen from the explanations of بُهِتَ.]

According to Ks, the S, Sgh and the K, one should not say بَاهِتٌ nor بَهِيتٌ; but there is no reason in analogy why one who says بَهَتَ, like نَصَرَ and مَنَعَ, should not say so.

Lb says, in the commentary on the Fs, that they said بَاهِتٌ and بَهَّاتٌ [the latter an intensive form] and بَهِيتٌ, which last may be taken as having the meaning of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, like مَبْهُوتٌ, or that of the measure فَاعِلٌ, like بَاهِتٌ; but the first is more agreeable with analogy, and more probable.

1.1

Also: calumniated, slandered, or falsely accused.

Show Lane's original text

Confounded, perplexed, or amazed, and unable to see his right course: (S, K:) [other (similar) meanings may be seen from explanations of بُهِتَ :] accord. to Ks and the S and Sgh and the K, one should not say بَاهِتٌ nor بَهِيتٌ ; but there is no reason in analogy why he who says بَهَتَ , like نَصَرَ and مَنَعَ , should not say thus: (TA:) Lb says, in the Expos. of the Fs, that they said بَاهِتٌ and بَهَّاتٌ [which latter is an intensive form] and بَهِيتٌ , which [last] may be considered as having the meaning of the measure مَفْعُولٌ , like مَبْهُوتٌ , or that of the measure فَاعِلٌ , like بَاهِتٌ ; but the former is the more agreeable with analogy, and the more probable. (MF, TA) Also Calumniated, slandered, or falsely accused. (S.)

Nounمُبَاهِتٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who engages with another in mutual calumnygenerated

See بَهُوتٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَهُوتٌ .