بكر

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Form 1بَكَرَ4 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarبُكُورٌ إِبْكَارٌ بكر

Core sense — he went forth early in the morning; he hastened to itgenerated

1.1he (a traveller) went forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day, or between the prayer of daybreak and sunrise—ابكر

the same—ابتكر

the same—باكر

Both words properly relate to the beginning of the day. Of the first verb: muḍāriʿ بَكُرَ; and بكّر, maṣdar تَبْكِيرٌ. All signify the same. Synonym خَرَجَ فِى البُكْرَةِ.

he entered upon that time—ابكر

One should not say بَكُرَ or بَكِرَ in the sense of بكّر.

1.1.1he came to him, or to it, early in the morning, in the first part of the day—بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ

the same—عَلَيْهِ

the same—فِيهِ

he did it at that time—بكّر

These mean أَتَاهُ بُكْرَةٌ: [or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; and بَكَرَ and the like, with فِيهِ following, may be rendered he occupied himself at that time in doing it].

the same—ابكر

the same—ابتكر

the same—باكرهُ

Maṣdar as above.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe hastened, or went early, to it, or to do it, at any time, morning or evening—بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ

[And عَلَيْهِ]; muḍāriʿ and maṣdar as above.

the same—بَكِرَ اليه

ISd, K: but see the remark on this verb above.

the same—بكر اليه

the same—عليه

the same—ابكر اليه

the same—عليه

[And ابكرهُ.]

the same—باكرهُ

I hastened to do, or attain, the thing needed—بَكَرْتُ عَلَى الحَاجَةِ

I hastened to come to water—أَبْكَرْتُ عَلَى الوِرْدِ

he hastened to come to water, and to take the morning meal—ابكر الوِرْدَ

the same—الغَدَآءَ

Maṣdar as above.

Lebeed says: [I hastened to be before the crowing of the cock, at the close of night, in obtaining what I wanted of it, namely, of wine]

shāhid

بَاكَرْتُ جَاجَتَهَا الدَّجَاجَ بِسُحْرَةٍ

. Here حاجتها stands for حَاجَتِى إِلَيْهَا, that is, إِلَى الخَمْرِ. In EM p. 170 the first word is written بَادَرْتُ. See also form 2 below.

1.1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredhe possessed the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening—بكر

It is also said that this verb [apparently بَكِرَ] [apparently بَكَرٌ], has this meaning; explained by كَانَ صَاحِبَ بُكُورٍ.

[But see بَكُرٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

both [properly] relate to the beginning of the day: (AZ, Msb:) the former of these verbs, (T, S, A,) aor. بَكُرَ , inf. n. بُكُورٌ ; (T, S;) and بكّر , (T, S, A,) inf. n. تَبْكِيرٌ ; (T, S;) and ابكر , and ابتكر , (S, A,) and باكر ; (S;) all signify the same; (S;) He (a traveller, A) went forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. خَرَجَ فِى البُكْرَةِ : (T, A:) or ابكر , inf. n. إِبْكَارٌ , signifies he entered upon that time: (T:) one should not say بَكُرَ nor بَكِرَ in the sense of بكّر [&c.]. (S.) You say also, بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ , and عَلَيْهِ , and فِيهِ , inf. n. as above; and بكّر , and ابكر , and ابتكر ; and باكرهُ ; meaning أَتَاهُ بُكْرَةٌ [i. e. He came to him, or it, early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: and he did it at that time: or بَكَرَ &c. with فِيهِ following may be rendered he occupied himself at that time in doing it]. (K.) And [hence,] بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ , [and عَلَيْهِ ,] aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and بَكِرَ اليه , aor. بَكَرَ ; (ISd, K; * [but see a remark respecting this verb above;]) and بكر اليه , (S, Msb, TA,) and عليه ; (TA;) and ابكر اليه , (S, K,) and عليه ; [and ابكرهُ ;] and باكرهُ ; (TA;) signify also He hastened [or betook himself early] to it, or to do it, at any time, (S, Msb, K, TA,) morning or evening. (TA.) You say, بَكَرْتُ عَلَى الحَاجَةِ [I hastened to do, or accomplish, or attain, the thing needed], inf. n. as above: and in like manner, أَبْكَرْتُ عَلَى الوِرْدِ [I hastened to come to water]: (AZ, S:) and ابكر الوِرْدَ , (TA,) and الغَدَآءَ , (AZ, S, TA,) He hastened to come to water, and to take the morning-meal. (TA.) Lebeed says, 1 meaning I hastened to be before the crowing of the cock, at the close of night, in obtaining what was wanted [of it, namely, of wine,] by me: (TA:) حاجتها being for حَاجَتِى إِلَيْهَا , i. e., إِلَى الخَمْرِ . (EM p. 170: but the first word is there written بَادَرْتُ .) [See also 2, below.] بَاكَرْتُ جَاجَتَهَا الدَّجَاجَ بِسُحْرَةٍ [It is also said that] بكر [app. بَكِرَ ,] inf. n. بكر , [app. بَكَرٌ ,] signifies He possessed the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening; expl. by كَانَ صَاحِبَ بُكُورٍ . (Msb.) [But see بَكُرٌ .]

Form 2بكّر5 senses · 2 main

maṣdarتَبْكِيرٌ

Core sense — he did it at the beginning of its time; he went before, he took precedencegenerated

2.1figurative · مجازhe went forth to the Friday prayers at the beginning of their time—بكّر إِلَى الجُمْعَةِ

. See form 1, in three places, and form 8.

he came to prayer at the beginning of its time—بكّر

Used alone; maṣdar as above.

he performed the prayer at the beginning of its time—بكّر بِالصَّلَاةِ

Also: he was attentive to it and performed it early.

perform the prayer of sunset at the setting of the [sun's] disc—بَكِّرُوا بِصَلَاةِ المَغْرِبِ

[the palm-tree was early with its fruit]—بَكَّرَتِ النَّخْلَةُ بِحَمْلِهَا

2.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredI went before, or took precedence, in such a thing—بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا

Also: he went before, he preceded, he took precedence; synonym تَقَدَّمَ. So too ابكر and تبكّر.

Synonym تَقَدَّمْتُ.

he went before his companions, or took precedence of them—بكّر عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ

2.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe made him go before his companions, or take precedence of them—بكّرهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ

This is جَعَلَهُ يُبَكِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ; and so too ابكرهُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

2.2.1

Derived nouns 21

Nounبَكْرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a youthful he-camel, one in a state of youthful vigourgenerated

1figurative · مجازa youthful he-camel; one in a state of youthful vigour—بِكْرٌ

Also بُكْرٌ, though this last is hardly to be found in any of the lexicons.

The feminine is formed with ة, and also بَكْرٌ without ة.

The term بَكْرٌ applied to a camel corresponds to فَتًى applied to a human being; and بَكْرَةٌ to فَتَاةٌ; and قَلُوصٌ to جَارِيَةٌ; and بَعِيرٌ to إِنْسَانٌ; and جَمَلٌ to رَجُلٌ; and نَاقَةٌ to مَرْأَةٌ.

Or the offspring, or young one, of a she-camel, explained thus indefinitely; or a camel in his sixth year until he becomes a جَذَع [but it seems that the reverse must be meant, for a جذع of camels is one in his fifth year]; or a camel in his second year until he enters his sixth year; or a camel in his second year, or that has entered his third year, or that has completed his second year and entered his third, synonym اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ; and a camel that has just entered his fourth year; and a camel in his fifth year; or a camel that has not entered his ninth year.

Sometimes applied figuratively to a human being, [meaning a young man], and بَكْرَةٌ to a young woman.

The plural of paucity is أَبْكُرٌ, and أُبَيْكِرُونَ occurs as plural of the diminutive of أَبْكُرٌ; the plural of multitude is بِكَارٌ, as فِرَاخٌ is plural of فَرْخٌ, or this last is plural of بَكْرَةٌ. There are other plurals of بَكْرٌ, namely بُكْرَانٌ and بِكَارَةٌ, and the ism jamʿ بَكَارَةٌ.

he has told me what is in his mind, and what his ribs enclose—صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ

This well-known proverb arose from the following. A man bargained with another for a youthful camel and said, “What is his age ?” The other answered, “He is in his ninth year.” Then the young camel took fright and ran away, and his owner said to him هِدَعْ هِدَعْ, which is an expression used to quiet young camels; so when the buyer heard it he said صدقنى سنّ بكره [he has told me truly the age of his youthful camel; or the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me].

If سنّ is in the accusative case, the verb means عَرَّفَنِى, and سنّ is in the accusative as a second object; or خَبَرَ سِنِّ is meant; [in the CK, wrongly, خَبَرَ]; or فِى سِنِّ, the prefixed noun [ خَبَرَ ] or the preposition [ فِى ] being suppressed [so that سنّ is in the accusative]. But if سنّ is in the nominative, truthfulness is attributed to the animal's age, by way of amplification.

Or, as some say, the buyer asked the camel's owner how many years the animal had, and he told him; then he looked at the camel's teeth and found him to be as described, and said صدقنى سِنُّ بكره.

the same—سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ

Show Lane's original text

(S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and بُكْرٌ , (K,) but this latter is hardly to be found in any of the lexicons, (MF,) and بِكْرٌ , (ISd, TA,) A youthful he-camel; one in a state of youthful vigour: fem. with ة ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and also بَكْرٌ , without ة : (TA:) the term بَكْرٌ , applied to a camel, corresponds to فَتًى , applied to a human being; and بَكْرَةٌ , to فَتَاةٌ ; and قَلُوصٌ , to جَارِيَةٌ ; and بَعِيرٌ , to إِنْسَانٌ ; and جَمَلٌ , to رَجُلٌ ; and نَاقَةٌ , to مَرْأَةٌ : (AO, S:) or the offspring, or young one, of a she-camel; (K;) thus indefinitely explained: (TA:) or a camel in his sixth year ( ثَنِىٌّ ) [and] until he becomes a جَذَع : [but it seems that the reverse must be meant; for a جذع , of camels, is one in his fifth year:] or a camel in his second year [and] until he enters his sixth year: or a camel in his second year, or that has entered his third year, or that has completed his second year and entered his third year; syn. اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ : (K:) and a camel that has just entered upon his fourth year: and a camel in his fifth year: (IAar, Az:) or a camel that has not entered his ninth year: (K:) and sometimes it is metaphorically applied to a human being; [meaning a young man;] and بَكْرَةٌ to a young woman: (TA:) the pl. (of pauc., S) is أَبْكُرٌ ; (S, K;) and أُبَيْكِرُونَ occurs as pl. of the dim. of أَبْكُرٌ ; (S, TA;) and (pl. of mult., S, TA) بِكَارٌ , (S, Msb,) like as فِرَاخٌ is pl. of فَرْخٌ ; (S;) or this is pl. of بَكْرَةٌ ; (Msb, K;) and there are other pls. of بَكْرٌ , namely, بُكْرَانٌ (K) and بِكَارَةٌ ; (S, Msb, K;) and [quasi-pl. n.] بَكَارَةٌ . (K.) Hence the well-known prov., (TA,) صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ , and سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ , meaning He hath told me what is in his mind, and what his ribs infold: a saying originating from the following fact: a man bargained with another for a youthful camel ( بَكْر ), and said, “ What is his age ( سِنُّهُ )? ” the other answered, “ He is in his ninth year: ” then the young camel took fright and ran away: whereupon his owner said to him, هِدَعْ هِدَعْ ; and this is an expression by which are quieted young ones, (K,) of the camel; (TA;) so when the purchaser heard it, he said, صدقنى سنّ بكره [He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel: or the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: if سنّ is in the accus. case, the meaning [of the verb] is عَرَّفَنِى , (K,) and سنّ is in the accus. case as a second objective complement; (TA;) or خَبَرَ سِنِّ is meant; [in the CK, erroneously, خَبَرَ ;] or فِى سِنِّ ; the prefixed noun [ خَبَرَ ] or the proposition [ فِى ] being suppressed [and سنّ being therefore in the accus. case]: but if سنّ is in the nom. case, veracity is attributed to the [animal's] age, by an amplification: (K:) or, as some say, the buyer said to the owner of the camel, “ How many years has he? ” and he told him; and he looked at the teeth of the camel, and found him to be as he had said; whereupon he said, صدقنى سِنُّ بكره . (Har p. 95.)

Nounبُكْرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a youthful he-camelgenerated

See بَكْرٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَكْرٌ .

Nounبِكْرٌ9 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a virgin; the first-born; the first of anythinggenerated

A virgin; and a man who has not yet come near a woman; the opposite of ثَيِّبٌ, applied to a man as well as to a female. Plural أَبْكَارٌ.

1.1figurative · مجازfire not lighted from another fire—نَارٌ بِكْرٌ

And so: an unpierced pearl; a bow when one first shoots with it; a cloud full of water, likened to a virgin because her blood is more than that of one who is not a virgin. The phrase سَحَابٌ بِكْرٌ is sometimes used.

1.2

Also: a female that has not yet brought forth; a cow that has not yet conceived, or a heifer that has not yet conceived; and a woman, or a she-camel, that has brought forth only once. Plural أَبْكَارٌ and بِكَارٌ. Or a she-camel in her first state or condition.

1.3figurative · مجاز

And so: a grape-vine that has borne fruit only once. Plural أَبْكَارٌ.

1.4figurative · مجازyoung children—أَبْكَارُ الأَوْلَادِ

Also the same as بَكْرٌ.

young bees—أَبْكَارُ النَّحْلِ

honey produced by young bees—عَسَلُ أَبْكَارٍ

Or this means honey whose preparation has been overseen by virgin girls.

1.5figurative · مجازthis is the first-born of his parents—هٰذَا بِكْرُ أَبَوَيْهِ

Also: the first-born of its mother and father, applied alike to male and female; and sometimes to what is not the offspring of human beings — the first-born of camels, and of a serpent. Plural أَبْكَارٌ.

[the strongest of men is the first-born of a man and woman each a first-born]—أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بِكْرٌ ٱبْنُ بِكْرَيْنِ

the same—بِكْرُ بِكْرَيْنِ

1.6figurative · مجازthis thing, or affair, is not your first nor your second—مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَ لَا ثَنِيًا

The first of anything, as also بَاكُورَةٌ; and an action that has not been preceded by anything like it.

1.7figurative · مجازa need recently sought to be accomplished—حَاجَةٌ بِكْرٌ

Or one that is the first to be referred to the person from whom its accomplishment is sought.

1.8figurative · مجازa cutting blow that kills at once, not needing to be struck a second time—ضَرْبَةٌ بِكْرٌ

Plural ضَرَبَاتٌ أَبْكَارٌ, which occurs in a tradition saying that such were the blows of ʿAlee; but in that tradition some recite مُبْتَكِرَاتٌ instead.

Qur’ānic occurrences بِكْر

2:68

قَالُوا۟ ٱدْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِىَ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُۥ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌۢ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَٱفْعَلُوا۟ مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ

They said: "Beseech on our behalf Thy Lord to make plain to us what (heifer) it is!" He said; "He says: The heifer should be neither too old nor too young, but of middling age. Now do what ye are commanded!"

56:36

فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا

And made them virgin - pure (and undefiled), -

66:5

عَسَىٰ رَبُّهُۥٓ إِن طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَن يُبْدِلَهُۥٓ أَزْوَٰجًا خَيْرًا مِّنكُنَّ مُسْلِمَـٰتٍ مُّؤْمِنَـٰتٍ قَـٰنِتَـٰتٍ تَـٰٓئِبَـٰتٍ عَـٰبِدَٰتٍ سَـٰٓئِحَـٰتٍ ثَيِّبَـٰتٍ وَأَبْكَارًا

It may be, if he divorced you (all), that Allah will give him in exchange consorts better than you,- who submit (their wills), who believe, who are devout, who turn to Allah in repentance, who worship (in humility), who travel (for Faith) and fast,- previously married or virgins.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

A virgin; (S, K;) and a man who has not yet drawn near to a woman; (TA;) contr. of ثَيِّبٌ , applied to a man as well as to a female: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ . (S, Msb, K.) And [hence,] A pearl unpierced. (MF.) And A bow when one first shoots with it. (TA.) And A cloud abounding with water: (K, TA:) likened to a virgin, because her blood is more than that of her who is not a virgin: and the phrase سَحَابٌ بِكْرٌ is sometimes used. (TA.) And نَارٌ بِكْرٌ Fire not lighted from another fire. (As, A.) Also She that has not yet brought forth offspring: (AHeyth:) and a cow that has not yet conceived: (K:) or a heifer (K, TA) that has not yet conceived: (TA:) and a woman, (S, K,) and a she-camel, (As, K,) that has brought forth but once: pl. أَبْكَارٌ and بِكَارٌ : (TA:) or a she-camel in her first state or condition. (Ham p. 340.) And [hence,] A grape-vine that has produced fruit but once: (A, K:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ . (A.) Also i. q. بَكْرٌ , q. v. (ISd, TA.) And [hence,] أَبْكَارُ الأَوْلَادِ Young children. (TA, from a trad.) And أَبْكَارُ النَّحْلِ Young bees. (TA.) Whence, عَسَلُ أَبْكَارٍ Honey produced by young bees: or this means honey of which the preparation has been superintended by virgin-girls. (A, * TA.) Also The first-born of his, or her, mother (S, Msb, K) and father; (Msb, K;) applied alike to the male and the female: (S:) and sometimes to that which is not the offspring of human beings; (TA;) the first-born of camels; (S;) and of a serpent: (TA:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ . (TA.) You say, هٰذَا بِكْرُ أَبَوَيْهِ This is the first-born of his parents. (TA.) And أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بِكْرٌ ٱبْنُ بِكْرَيْنِ (A) or بِكْرُ بِكْرَيْنِ (M, TA) [The strongest of men is the first-born of a man and woman each a first-born]. The first of anything; (K;) as also بَاكُورَةٌ : (TA:) and an action that has not been preceded by its like. (K.) You say, مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَ لَا ثَنِيًا This thing, or affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A, TA.) حَاجَةٌ بِكْرٌ A want, or needful thing, recently sought to be accomplished or attained: (TA:) or that is the first in being referred to him of whom its accomplishment is sought. (A, TA.) ضَرْبَةٌ بِكْرٌ A cutting blow or stroke, (S, K,) that kills (K) at once, (TA,) not requiring to be struck a second time: (S, A:) pl. ضَرَبَاتٌ أَبْكَارٌ ; occurring in a trad., in which it is said that such were the blows of 'Alee; (S, TA;) but in that trad., as some recite it, the latter word is مُبْتَكِرَاتٌ . (TA.)

Nounبَكَرٌ2 senses

Core sense — a youthful he-camel; the sheave of a pulleygenerated

See بُكْرَةٌ, in three places.

And see also بَكْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بُكْرَةٌ , in three places: and see also بَكْرَةٌ .

Nounرَجُلٌ بَكُرٌ فِى حَاجَتِهِ1 sense

Core sense — a man who applies himself early, or hastens, to what he needsgenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferreda man who applies himself early, or hastens, to do the thing he needs—بَكِرٌ

[In the CK, wrongly, بَكْرٌ.]

Or one having strength to apply himself early, or to hasten, to do or accomplish the thing he needs.

Like حَذُرٌ and حَذِرٌ.

the same—بَكِيرٌ

بَكُرٌ and بَكِرٌ [and بَكِيرٌ] are said to be possessive adjectives, since they have no simple triliteral verb. [But see form 1, last sentence.]

Show Lane's original text

, [in the CK, erroneously, بَكْرٌ ,] and ↓ بَكِرٌ , (S, K, * TA,) like حَذُرٌ and حَذِرٌ , (S,) and ↓ بَكِيرٌ , (TA,) A man possessing the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening, or having strength to apply himself early, or to hasten, ( صَاحِبُ بُكُورٌ , S, or قَوِىٌّ عَلَى البُكُورِ , K,) to do, or accomplish, the thing that he needs, or wants: (S:) بَكُرٌ and بَكِرٌ [and بَكِيرٌ ] are [said to be] possessive epithets; for they have no simple triliteral verb. (TA.) [But see 1, last sentence.]

Nounبَكِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — applying himself early, hastening to what he needsgenerated

See the word just before this one.

Show Lane's original text

: see what next precedes.

Nounبَكْرَةٌ4 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the sheave of a pulley; a small ring in a sword's ornament; a gathered companygenerated

1the sheave of a pulley, over which passes the rope for drawing water from a well—بَكَرَةٌ

A round piece of wood, with a groove for the rope round the middle of its edge, and inside it an axis on which it turns. Or a quick مَحَالَة [or large sheave of a pulley]. [But MF disapproves of this last explanation; and sometimes, by a synecdoche, the word is used for a complete pulley.]

The plural is بَكَرٌ, an irregular plural of the first, like حَلَقٌ plural of حَلْقَةٌ and حَمَأٌ plural of حَمْأَةٌ; or a plural of the second; or a collective noun, of which بَكَرَةٌ is the ism waḥda. بَكَرَات is also a plural of the first [as well as of the second].

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

From this, apparently, it also means a small ring, like a bead, in the ornamental part of a sword; and the plural بَكَرَاتٌ means the rings attached to the ornamental part [of the scabbard] of a sword, resembling the rings called قَتَخ [which women wear on their fingers or toes].

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

[And from this, perhaps,] an assembly, a company, or a gathered body of people.

1.3figurative · مجازthey came all together, not one staying behind—جَاؤُوا عَلَى بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ

A proverb. Or: they came in a crowd, all together, none remaining behind; or they came in succession, one at the heels of another; or they came in one way, or manner. [Some take it from بكرة as explained just above, in which case على is used in the sense of مَعَ, or مُشْتَمِلِينَ is understood before it; or it is from بكرة, meaning “a youthful she-camel,” and so implies that they were few (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 312); or] from بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا, meaning “I went before in such a thing,” so that it means they came from first to last; or from بكرة in the first of the senses explained in this article, though in that case there is no بكرة in reality.

Show Lane's original text

(S, Msb, K) and ↓ بَكَرَةٌ (Msb, K) The thing upon which [passes the rope wherewith] one draws water (S, Msb, K) from a well [or the like]; (S;) [ i. e. the sheave of a pulley;] a round piece of wood, in the middle [of the circumference] whereof is a groove (K, TA) for the rope, and in the interior [or centre] whereof is an axis upon which it turns: (TA:) or a quick مَحَالَة [or large sheave of a pulley]: (M, K:) [but MF disapproves of this last explanation: sometimes, by a synecdoche, it is used to signify a pulley complete:] the pl. is بَكَرٌ , (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the former, anomalous, like حَلَقٌ pl. of حَلْقَةٌ , and حَمَأٌ pl. of حَمْأَةٌ , (S,) or of the latter; (Msb;) or a coll. gen. n., of which بَكَرَةٌ is the n. un.; (MF;) and بَكَرَات , (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the former [as well as of the latter]. (S, Msb.) Hence, app., the former signifies also A small ring, like a bead, in the ornamental part of a sword: (Mgh:) [and the pl.] بَكَرَاتٌ signifies the rings that are attached to the ornamental part [of the scabbard] of a sword, (K,) resembling the [rings called] قَتَخ [which are worn upon the fingers or toes] of women. (TA.) [And hence, perhaps,] An assembly, a company, or a congregated body. (IAar, K.) جَاؤُوا عَلَى بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ is a prov., (TA,) meaning They came together, not one remaining behind, (S, TA;) they came all of them, (AA, IJ, A, TA,) without exception: (TA:) or they came in a multitude, and all together, none remaining behind: (TA:) or they came in succession, one after, or at the heels of, another: (AO:) or they came in one way, or manner: (As:) [accord. to some, from بكرة as explained in the next preceding sentence; and, if so, على is used in the sense of مَعَ , or مُشْتَمِلِينَ is understood before it: or it is from بكرة signifying “ a youthful she-camel; ” and thus implies that they were few: (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 312:) or] from بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا meaning “ I was, ” or “ became, ” or “ went, ” “ before in such a thing; ” so that it signifies that they came from first to last: (IJ:) or from بكرة in the first of the senses explained in this paragraph; though in this case there is no بكرة in reality. (AO, S. *)

Nounبُكْرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the early morning, the first part of the daygenerated

1the early morning, the first part of the day—بَكَرٌ

Between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; synonym غُدْوَةٌ. So Bd and Jel at 19:12, 33:41 and 48:9, as regards the first word; and so the K.

إِبْكَارٌ is a noun in the same sense, according to the lexicologists, as Sb says; but he adds that he holds it to be only the maṣdar of أَبْكَرَ.

Plural of paucity أَبْكَارٌ, of multitude بُكَرٌ.

I came to him early in the morning—أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةٌ

These mean بَاكِرٍا.

the same—بَكَرًا

[I came to him early in the morning of this day]—أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةَ

But if you mean the بُكْرَةٌ of one particular day, the noun is made imperfectly declinable, and then it is used only as an adverb of time.

If you say بَاكِرًا, using the word as an adjective, the feminine is بَاكِرَة.

[go on your horse early in the morning]—سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ بُكْرَةً

Just as one says سَحَرًا. (S, TA. [But in two copies of the S, in place of سرْ I find سِيرَ.])

the same—بَكَرًا

Qur’ān 3:38 approximate — somewhere between 3:11 and 3:49 Lane cites “Kur iii. 36”

Lane cites “Jel in xix. 12” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

Qur’ān 3:41 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱجْعَل لِّىٓ ءَايَةً ۖ قَالَ ءَايَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ ٱلنَّاسَ ثَلَـٰثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَّا رَمْزًا ۗ وَٱذْكُر رَّبَّكَ كَثِيرًا وَسَبِّحْ بِٱلْعَشِىِّ وَٱلْإِبْكَـٰرِ

He said: "O my Lord! Give me a Sign!" "Thy Sign," was the answer, "Shall be that thou shalt speak to no man for three days but with signals. Then celebrate the praises of thy Lord again and again, and glorify Him in the evening and in the morning."Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Show Lane's original text

and بَكَرٌ The early morning, or first part of the day; (Bd and Jel in xix. 12 and xxxiii. 41 and xlviii. 9, as relating to the former word; and K; *) between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. غُدْوَةٌ ; and إِبْكَارٌ is a subst. in the same sense, (K,) accord. to the lexicologists, as Sb says; but he adds that he holds it to be [only] the inf. n. of أَبْكَرَ : (TA: [and the like is said in the S with reference to its occurrence in the Kur iii. 36 and xl. 57:]) pl. [of pauc.] of the first, أَبْكَارٌ , and [of mult.] بُكَرٌ . (T, Msb.) You say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةٌ (S, A, Msb) and بَكَرًا , (A,) meaning بَاكِرٍا [I came to him early in the morning, &c.]. (S, A, Msb.) But if you mean the بُكْرَةٌ of a particular day, you say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةَ , making the noun imperfectly decl.; [meaning I came to him early in the morning, &c., of this day;] and in this case it is not to be used otherwise than as an adv. n. of time. (S.) If you say بَاكِرًا , using this word as an epithet, you use بَاكِرَة for the fem. (TA.) You say also, سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ بُكْرَةً and بَكَرًا [Go thou on thy horse early in the morning, &c.]; like as you say, سَحَرًا . (S, TA. [But in two copies of the S, for سرْ , I find سِيرَ .])

Nounبَكَرَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — the sheave of a pulleygenerated

See بَكْرَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَكْرَةٌ .

Nounبَكُورٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — rain that falls in the first of its season; a palm-tree that ripens earlygenerated

1figurative · مجازrain that falls in the first of its season—بَاكُورٌ

Or rain that comes at the beginning of the season of the وَسْمِىّ [q. v.]; and rain that comes at the end of the night, or the beginning of the day.

the same—بَاكِرٌ

the same—مُبْكِرٌ

[a cloud that comes in the latter part of the night, in the first of its season, bringing rain]—سَحَابَةٌ مِدْلَاجٌ بَكُورٌ

a cloud that comes at the end of the night—سَحَابَةٌ مِبْكَارٌ

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferreda palm-tree that comes to maturity first, before the other palm-trees—بَكُورٌ

A in the article اخر, and K; the word used for palm-tree is نَخْلَةٌ in the A.

Or one that produces its fruit early; the opposite of مِئْخَارٌ. Plural بُكُرٌ and, [as plural of بَاكِرٌ or بَاكِرَةٌ], بَوَاكِرُ.

the same—بَكِيرَةٌ

the same—بَاكُورَةٌ

the same—بَاكِرٌ

the same—مِبْكَارٌ

بَاكُورَةٌ is the feminine of بَاكُورٌ, which means anything that hastens its coming and its attaining to maturity.

land that produces plants, or herbage, quickly—مِبْكَارٌ أَرْضٌ

Show Lane's original text

(A, K) and بَاكُورٌ (K) and بَاكِرٌ (A) and مُبْكِرٌ (K) Rain that falls in the first of its season: (A:) or that comes (TA) in the commencement of [the season of] the وَسْمِىّ [q. v.]: (K, TA:) and that comes in the end of the night, or the beginning of the day. (TA.) You say also سَحَابَةٌ مِدْلَاجٌ بَكُورٌ [A cloud that comes in the latter part of the night, in the first of its season, bringing rain]: (A:) and سَحَابَةٌ مِبْكَارٌ a cloud that comes in the end of the night. (TA.) Also بَكُورٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and بَكِيرَةٌ (S, K) and بَاكُورَةٌ (Msb, K) and بَاكِرٌ (A) and مِبْكَارٌ (A in art. اخر and K) A palm-tree ( نَخْلَةٌ , A) that comes to maturity first, (S, Msb, K,) before the other palm-trees: (S:) or that produces its fruit early; (A;) contr. of مِئْخَارٌ (A in art. اخر :) pl. (of the first, Msb, K) بُكُرٌ ; (S, Msb, K; [in the CK بُكْرٌ ;]) and [pl. of بَاكِرٌ or بَاكِرَةٌ ] بَوَاكِرُ (K voce تَبَاشِيرُ ) بَاكُورَةٌ is fem. of بَاكُورٌ , (K, TA,) which signifies Anything that hastens its coming (TA) and its attaining to maturity. (K, TA.) You say also مِبْكَارٌ أَرْضٌ Land that produces plants, or herbage, quickly. (K.)

Nounبَكِيرٌ1 sense

Core sense — coming early, ripening earlygenerated

This, and its feminine formed with ة: see بَكُرٌ and بَكٌورٌ.

Show Lane's original text

, and its fem., with ة : see بَكُرٌ and بَكٌورٌ

Nounبَكَارَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — virginitygenerated

Virginity; the virginity, or maidenhead, of a woman.