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بغض

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Form 1بَغُضَ3 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarبَفَاضَةٌ

Core sense — he, or it, became hateful, odious, an object of hatredgenerated

1.1he, or it, was, or became, hateful, odious, an object of hatredبَغَضَ

Said of a man or of a thing.

Muḍāriʿ of both بَغُضَ; also بَغِضَ., which is the maṣdar of the first.

1.1.1figurative · مجازhis fortune, or good fortune, fellبَغُضَ جَدُّهُ

Synonym عَثَرَ.

may your fortune, or good fortune, fallبَغُضَ جَدُّكَ

Also said as بَغَضَ or بَغِضَ.

Synonyms تَعَسَ and عَثَرَ; IB ascribes the phrase to the people of El-Yemen.

1.2

See also Form 4, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
; (S, A, Msb, K;) and بَغَضَ ; aor. [of both] بَغُضَ ; and بَغِضَ , aor. بَغَضَ ; (K;) inf. n. بَفَاضَةٌ , (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. of the first; (TA;) He, or it, (a man, S, or a thing, Msb,) was, or became, hateful, odious, or an object of hatred. (S, A, K.) بَغُضَ جَدُّهُ His fortune, or good fortune, fell; syn. عَثَرَ . (A.) And بَغُضَ جَدُّكَ , (L, K, TA,) or بَغَضَ , (as in one copy of the K,) or بَغِضَ , (as in the CK,) May thy fortune, or good fortune, fall: syn. تَعَسَ , (K, TA,) and عَثَرَ : (TA:) a phrase ascribed by IB to the people of El-Yemen. (TA.) See also 4, in three places.
Form 2بغّضهُ ٱللّٰهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ1 sense

Core sense — God made him hateful, odious, to peoplegenerated

2.1God made him hateful, odious, an object of hatred, to menلِلنَّاسِ

This second form of the verb I think doubtful, from what is said in explanation of the verb of wonder (see Form 4).

Maṣdar تَبْغِيضٌ.

تَبْغِيضٌ is the opposite of تَحْبِيبٌ, and means very hateful or odious.

Zeyd was made an object of love to me, and 'Amr an object of hatred, or of much hatred, to meحُبِّبَ إِلَىَّ زَيْدٌ وَ بُغِّضَ إِلَىَّ عَمْرٌو
Show Lane's original text
, (S, TA,) or لِلنَّاسِ , (Msb,) [but this I think doubtful, from what is said in explanation of the verb of wonder, (see 4,)] inf. n. تَبْغِيضٌ , (S, K,) God rendered him hateful, odious, or an object of hatred, to men; (S, Msb; *) تَبْغِيضٌ being the contr. of تَحْبِيبٌ : (K:) or very hateful or odious. (TA.) You say also, حُبِّبَ إِلَىَّ زَيْدٌ وَ بُغِّضَ إِلَىَّ عَمْرٌو [Zeyd was rendered an object of love to me, and 'Amr was rendered an object of hatred, or of much hatred, to me]. (A, TA.)
Form 3بَاغَضْتُهُ1 sense
maṣdarمُبَاغَضَةٌ

Core sense — I hated him in return, with violent hatredgenerated

3.1between the two of them is mutual hatred, or violent hatredبَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاغَضَةٌ

I gave him back hatred, or violent hatred, reciprocally.

Show Lane's original text
, inf. n. مُبَاغَضَةٌ , I rendered him [hatred, or] vehement hatred, reciprocally. (A, * TA.) You say also, بَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاغَضَةٌ [Between them two is reciprocal hatred, or vehement hatred]. (A.)
Form 4ابغضهُ3 senses
maṣdarإِبْغَاضٌ

Core sense — he hated himgenerated

4.1

He hated him.

It is said that بَغَضَهُ is not allowable; or يَبْغُضُنِى is a bad form, used by the lower class, and sanctioned by Th alone. (AHát)

Th explains قَالِينَ, which occurs in the Qur'ān 26:168, by بَاغِضِينَ, which shows that he held بَغَضَ to be a dialectal variant; otherwise he would have said مُبْغِضِينَ. (AHát)

But the adjective بَغُوضٌ is strong evidence in favour of the opinion of Th mentioned here, since فَعُولٌ is mostly from فَاعِلٌ, not from مُفْعِلٌ.

4.2

مَا أَبْغَضَهُ إِلَىَّ, or لِى, is said to be irregular, because the verb of wonder is not regularly formed from a verb of the measure أَفْعَلَ; but it is not irregular, for it is from بَغَضَ فُلَانٌ إِلَىَّ ["such a one was, or became, hateful, or odious, to me"].

ما ابغضه الىّ means: How hateful, or odious, he is to me! while ما ابغضه لِى means: How he hates me!

The lexicologists and grammarians relate that مَا أَبْغَضَنِى لَهُ is said when you hate him, and ما ابغضنى إِلَيْهِ when he hates you.

ISd says, on the authority of Sb, that ما ابغضنى له means that you are an object of hatred (مُبْغَضٌ [so in the TA, but this is evidently a mistake for مُبْغِضٌ, a hater]) to him, and that ما ابغضه الىّ means that he is an object of hatred with you, or in your estimation.

4.3figurative · مجازa form of imprecationأَنْعَمَ ٱللّٰهُ بِكَ عَيْنًا وَ أَبْغَضَ بِعَدُوِّكَ عَيْنًا

So in the A, and the second verb thus in the JK and in the L.

[Apparently meaning: may God refresh your eye with the sight of the one you love, and pain your enemy's eye with the sight of the one he hates; or: may God refresh an eye with the sight of you, and make an eye feel hatred at the sight of your enemy.]

Or the first verb is نَعِمَ and the second بَغَضَ, like نَصَرَ; or بَغِضَ.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِبْغَاضٌ , (Msb,) He hated him. (S, A, * Msb, * K.) It is said that بَغَضَهُ is not allowable: (Msb:) or يَبْغُضُنِى is a bad form; (AHát, K;) used by the lower class; and sanctioned by Th only; for he explains قَالِينَ , as occurring in the Kur [xxvi. 168], by بَاغِضِينَ , which shows that he held بَغَضَ to be a dial. var.; for otherwise he would have said مُبْغِضِينَ : (AHát:) but the epithet بَغُوضٌ affords a strong evidence in favour of the opinion of Th here mentioned; for فَعُولٌ is mostly from فَاعِلٌ , not from مُفْعِلٌ . (TA.) مَا أَبْغَضَهُ إِلَىَّ , (S,) or لِى , (K,) is [said to be] anomalous; (S, K;) because the verb of wonder is not regularly formed from a verb of the measure أَفْعَلَ ; but this is not anomalous; for it is from بَغَضَ فُلَانٌ إِلَىَّ [“ such a one was, or became, hateful, or odious, to me: ” ما ابغضه الىّ signifying How hateful, or odious, is he to me! but ما ابغضه لِى , How he hates me! for] the lexicologists and grammarians relate that مَا أَبْغَضَنِى لَهُ is said when thou hatest him; and ما ابغضنى إِلَيْهِ , when he hates thee: (IB:) ISd says, on the authority of Sb, that ما ابغضنى له means that thou art an object of hatred ( مُبْغَضٌ [so in the TA, but this is evidently a mistake for مُبْغِضٌ , a hater,]) to him; and ما ابغضه الىّ , that he is an object of hatred with thee, or in thine estimation. (TA.) أَنْعَمَ ٱللّٰهُ بِكَ عَيْنًا وَ أَبْغَضَ بِعَدُوِّكَ عَيْنًا , (so in the A, and the latter verb thus in the JK and in the L,) or the former verb is نَعِمَ , (L, K,) and the latter بَغَضَ , (K, TA,) like نَصَرَ , (TA,) or بَغِضَ , (CK,) is a form of imprecation (TA) [app. meaning May God make thine eye to be refreshed by the sight of him whom thou lovest, and make the eye of thine enemy to be pained by the sight of him whom he hateth: or may God make an eye to be refreshed by the sight of thee, and make an eye to be affected with hatred by the sight of thine enemy].
Form 5تبغّض1 sense

Core sense — he showed hatred, he made himself an object of hatredgenerated

5.1such a one showed love to me, and his brother showed hatred to meتَحَبَّبَ لِى فُلَانٌ وَ تَبَغَّضَ لِى أَخُوهُ

He showed hatred; or he became, or made himself, an object of hatred; the opposite of تَحَبَّبَ.

Or: such a one made himself an object of love to me, and his brother made himself an object of hatred to me.

Show Lane's original text
He manifested, or showed, hatred; or he became, or made himself, an object of hatred; contr. of تَحَبَّبَ . (K.) You say, تَحَبَّبَ لِى فُلَانٌ وَ تَبَغَّضَ لِى أَخُوهُ [Such a one manifested love to me, or made himself an object of love to me, and his brother manifested hatred to me, or made himself an object of hatred to me]. (A, TA.)
Form 6تباغض القَوْمُ1 sense

Core sense — they hated one anothergenerated

6.1I have not seen any two more violent in mutual hatred than those twoمَا رَأَيْتُ أَشَدَّ تَبَاغُضًا مِنْهُمَا

The company of men hated one another.

تَبَاغُضٌ is the opposite of تَحَابُبٌ.

Show Lane's original text
The company of men hated one another: (Msb:) تَبَاغُضٌ is the contr. of تَحَابُبٌ . (S, K.) You say, مَا رَأَيْتُ أَشَدَّ تَبَاغُضًا مِنْهُمَا [I have not seen any more vehement in mutual hatred than they two]. (A, TA.)

Derived nouns 9

Nounبُغْضٌ1 sense

Core sense — hatredgenerated

1

Hatred; the opposite of حُبُّ. A noun from أَبْغَضَهُ.

Show Lane's original text
Hatred; contr. of حُبُّ : (S, A, K:) a subst. from أَبْغَضَهُ . (Msb.)
Nounبِغْضَةٌ2 senses

Core sense — violent hatredgenerated

1

Violent hatred; also بَغْضَآءُ and بَغَاضَةٌ [but see Form 1].

2

See also بَغِيضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
Vehement hatred; as also بَغْضَآءُ , (S, A, Msb, K,) and بَغَاضَةٌ [but see 1]. (TA.) See also بَغِيضٌ .
Nounبَغْضَآءُ1 sense

Core sense — violent hatredgenerated

1

See the word immediately preceding.

Qur’ānic occurrences بَغْضَآء 1 shown of 5
5:91
إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنُ أَن يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ ٱلْعَدَٰوَةَ وَٱلْبَغْضَآءَ فِى ٱلْخَمْرِ وَٱلْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَعَنِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ۖ فَهَلْ أَنتُم مُّنتَهُونَ

Satan's plan is (but) to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah, and from prayer: will ye not then abstain?

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next precedes.
Nounبَغُوضٌ1 sense

Core sense — hateful, odious, hatedgenerated

1

See the word immediately following.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next follows.
Nounبَغِيضٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — hateful, odious, hated; also hatinggenerated

1

Hateful; odious; an object of hatred; hated. Also بَغُوضٌ and مُبْغَضٌ. Plural of the first, بُغَضَآءُ.

1.1

Some say that it also has the opposite meaning, hating, the same as مُبْغِضٌ.

Skr explains بِغْضَةٌ as meaning people hating you.

Show Lane's original text
Hateful; odious; and object of hatred: (S, A, Msb, * K:) hated; as also بَغُوضٌ (TA) and مُبْغَضٌ : (Msb, * TA:) pl. of the first, بُغَضَآءُ . (A, TA.) Some say that it has also the contr. signification of Hating; i. q. مُبْغِضٌ : (TA:) and Skr explains بِغْضَةٌ as signifying people hating thee. (L, TA. *)
Nounبَغَاضَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — hatefulness, being hateful or odiousgenerated

1

See بِغْضَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see بِغْضَةٌ .
Nounمُبْغَضٌ1 sense

Core sense — hated, made an object of hatredgenerated

1

See بَغِيضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see بَغِيضٌ .
Nounمُبْغِضٌ1 sense

Core sense — hating, one who hatesgenerated

1

See بَغِيضٌ.

Show Lane's original text
: see بَغِيضٌ .
Nounمَبْغَضَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a cause of hatredgenerated

1

[A cause of hatred: a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text
[A cause of hatred: a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ ]. (A.)