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بعل

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Form 1بَعَلَ3 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarبُعُولَةٌ

Core sense — he became a husband, he married; he resisted himgenerated

1.1he (a man) became a husband; he married, or took a wife—استبعل

Muḍāriʿ بَعَلَ or بَعُلَ [contrary to rule]; or the past tense is بَعُلَ. Maṣdar بُعُولَةٌ and بَعَالَةٌ, and apparently also بَعْلٌ, since it is said that the primary meaning of البَعْلُ is النِّكَاحُ.

she became a wife—بَعَلَتْ

.

It seems to be indicated that ابتعلت and تبعّلت mean the same.

she took to herself a husband—باعلت

on this sense The same applies to the feminine forms.

1.1.1he was unyielding to him; he resisted him, or withstood him—بَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ

As though it originally meant: he became a بَعْل, or lord, over him.

and whoever resists and disobeys your command, kill him—فَمَنْ بَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوهُ

From a tradition.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredhe became confounded, or perplexed, by his affair, so that he could not see his right course—بَعِلَ

Also بِأَمْرِهِ.

He feared, was disgusted, and stayed fixed in his place, like the palm-trees called بَعْل, not knowing what to do.

Show Lane's original text
, (S, Msb, K,) aor. بَعَلَ , (K,) or بَعُلَ [contr. to rule]; (Msb;) or the pret. is بَعُلَ ; (so in the Ham p. 337;) inf. n. بُعُولَةٌ (Msb, K) and بَعَالَةٌ also (Ham ubi suprà) [and app. بَعْلٌ , for it is said in the Ham p. 359 that the primary signification of البَعْلُ is النِّكَاحُ ]; He (a man, S) became a husband; (S, K;) as also استبعل : (K:) he married, or took a wife. (Msb.) And in like manner, بَعَلَتْ , inf. n. بُعُولَةٌ , She became a wife: (TA:) [and it seems to be indicated in the Ham p. 359 that ابتعلت and تبعّلت signify the same:] and باعلت she took to herself a husband. (K.) بَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ [as though originally signifying He became a بَعْل , or lord, over him:] he was incompliant, or unyielding, to him; he resisted him, or withstood him. (K.) Hence, in a trad., فَمَنْ بَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوهُ And whoso resisteth and disobeyeth your command, slay ye him. (TA.) بَعِلَ , (S, K,) بِأَمْرِهِ , aor. بَعَلَ , (K,) He became confounded, or perplexed, so that he was unable to see his right course, (S, K,) by his affair, or case, and feared, and was disgusted, (K,) and remained fixed in his place like as do the palm-trees termed بَعْل , (TA,) not knowing what to do. (K.)
Form 3باعلت5 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they intermarried; he played, or toyed, with his wifegenerated

3.1

See form 1.

3.1.1the people intermarried with a people—باعل القَوْمُ قَوْمًا
the sons of such a one: no one is married to them, nor are they married [to any but people of their own tribe]—بَنُو فُلَانٍ لَا يُبَاعَلُونَ
3.1.2the playing, or toying, together, of a man with his wife—بِعَالٌ

The maṣdar. Also مُبَاعَلَةٌ, another maṣdar of the same verb, and تَبَاعُلٌ, maṣdar of form 6.

he played, or toyed, with his wife—باعل ٱمْرَأَتَهُ
she plays, or toys, with her husband—تُبَاعِلُ زَوْجَهَا
between them two there is playing, or toying—بَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاعَلَةً
they two play, or toy, together, each with the other—هُمَا يَتَبَاعَلَانِ
3.1.3figurative · مجازhe lay with her—بَاعَلَهَا

Used figuratively, بِعَالٌ has the same meaning as جِمَاعٌ, and so does مُبَاعَلَةٌ.

3.1.4figurative · مجازsuch a one sat with such a one—باعل فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا

The idea of playing, or toying, is imagined to be implied.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1. باعل القَوْمُ قَوْمًا The people intermarried with a people. (K.) You say also, بَنُو فُلَانٍ لَا يُبَاعَلُونَ The sons of such a one, none is married to them, nor are they married [to any but persons of their own tribe]. (Ham p. 337.) [The inf. n.] بِعَالٌ signifies also The playing, or toying, together, of a man with his wife; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and so مُبَاعَلَةٌ [also an inf. n. of the same verb], (Msb, K,) and تَبَاعُلٌ [inf. n. of 6]. (K.) You say, باعل ٱمْرَأَتَهُ He played, or toyed, with his wife. (Msb.) And تُبَاعِلُ زَوْجَهَا She plays, or toys, with her husband. (S.) And بَيْنَهُمَا مُبَاعَلَةً Between them two is playing, or toying. (TA.) And هُمَا يَتَبَاعَلَانِ They two play, or toy, together, each with the other. (TA.) And metonymically, (TA,) بِعَالٌ signifies also I. q. جِمَاعٌ ; (Az, K, TA;) and so مُبَاعَلَةٌ . (TK.) You say, بَاعَلَهَا , meaning He lay with her. (TK.) And باعل فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one sat with such a one: (K, TA:) the idea of playing, or toying, being imagined to be implied. (TA.)
Form 5تبعّلت2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — she was obedient to her husband; she adorned herself for himgenerated

5.1

See form 1.

5.1.1she was obedient to her husband; or she adorned herself for her husband—تبعّلت زَوْجَهَا

[So too ابتعلت, as appears from what follows.]

a woman who is good in obedience to her husband—اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ الاِبْتِعَالِ
Show Lane's original text
: see 1. Also She was obedient to her husband; (K;) [so too ابتعلت , as will be seen from what follows;] and so تبعّلت زَوْجَهَا : (TA:) or she adorned herself for her husband. (K.) You say اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ الاِبْتِعَالِ A woman who is good in obedience to her husband. (TA.)
Form 6تَبَاْعَلَ1 sense

Core sense — they two played, or toyed, togethergenerated

6.1

See form 3, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
see 3, in two places.
Form 8إِبْتَعَلَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he became a husband, he married; she was obedient to her husbandgenerated

8.1

See form 1.

8.1.1

See also form 5, in two places.

Show Lane's original text
see 1: and see also 5, in two places.
Form 10استبعل3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — they became large palm-trees needing no watering; it became elevated groundgenerated

10.1

See form 1.

10.1.1

Said of palm-trees: they became what are called بَعْل, and became great.

10.1.2

Said of a place: it became what is called بَعْل, or it became elevated.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1. Also, said of palm-trees ( نَخْل ), They became what are termed بَعْل , q. v., (S, TA,) and great. (TA.) And, said of a place, It became what is termed بَعْل : (K:) or it became elevated. (TA.)

Derived nouns 2

Nounبَعْلٌ10 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a husband; a lord, or owner; palm-trees that need no watering; elevated landgenerated

1a wife—بَعْلَةٌ

A husband. Plural بُعُولَةٌ, بُعُولٌ, and بِعَالٌ.

Like زَوْجٌ and زَوْجَةٌ.

1.1

A lord, a master, an owner, or a possessor of a thing, such as a house, a beast, or a she-camel; a head, chief, ruler, or person of authority. El-Khattábee.

1.2

[And hence,] a certain idol, of gold, belonging to the people of Ilyás, who is said to be the same as Idrees, the grandfather or an ancestor of Noah, or to have been a grandson of Aaron, or the son of Aaron's brother. It is mentioned in the Qur'ān, 37:123.

According to one copy of the K it belonged to the people of Jonas, and so in the Kitáb el-Mujarrad of Kr. According to Mujáhid it means a deity that is not God, or a certain king; but SM says the correct explanation is the first.

Or a certain idol belonging to the people of Bekk, in Syria — that is, of the town now called Baala-Bekk — and so in the Qur'ān; or, in the dialect of El-Yemen, a lord, and so in the Qur'ān.

Qur’ān 37:123 approximate — somewhere between 37:107 and 37:182 Lane cites “Kur xxxvii. 123”
Lane cites “Bd in vi. 85” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given
Qur’ān 37:125 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
أَتَدْعُونَ بَعْلًا وَتَذَرُونَ أَحْسَنَ ٱلْخَـٰلِقِينَ

"Will ye call upon Baal and forsake the Best of Creators,-Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.3

Also one whom it is a necessary duty to obey, such as a father, a mother, and the like.

1.4

And a family, or household, whose maintenance is a man's duty.

1.5

It may be a contraction of بَعِلٌ, meaning lacking strength, power, or ability, and unable to find the right way to accomplish his affair.

1.6figurative · مجازsuch a one became a weight, or burden, on his family—أَصْبَحَ فُلَانٌ بَعْلًا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ

So called because of his ascendency over them.

Er-Rāghib: a weight, or burden.

1.7figurative · مجاز

Er-Rāghib: elevated land, on which neither running water nor torrent comes, or which is not rained on more than once in the year; or land elevated above other land, being likened to the man who is so called.

1.8figurative · مجاز — inferred

Any palm-trees, other trees, or seed-produce that are not watered; or such as are watered by the rain; or palm-trees that draw water with their roots and so need no watering. Applied to them figuratively.

AA says it means the same as عِذْىٌ, that is, what is watered by the rain; but As says that this last word has that meaning, whereas بعل means what draws water with its roots, without irrigation or rain.

Er-Rāghib: palm-trees growing in land where the supply of water is near [the surface], so that it suffices them without irrigation or rain; or large ones, so that they draw water with their roots.

Also a male palm-tree, likened to the man who is so called.

Az says it is used as meaning [dates such as are called] قَسْب.

1.9figurative · مجاز — inferred

And the tax, or impost, that is given for the watering of palm-trees.

Qur’ānic occurrences بَعْل
2:228
وَٱلْمُطَلَّقَـٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٍ ۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ ۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوٓا۟ إِصْلَـٰحًا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

Divorced women shall wait concerning themselves for three monthly periods. Nor is it lawful for them to hide what Allah Hath created in their wombs, if they have faith in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have the better right to take them back in that period, if they wish for reconciliation. And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree (of advantage) over them. And Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.

4:128
وَإِنِ ٱمْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنۢ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَآ أَن يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا ۚ وَٱلصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ ۗ وَأُحْضِرَتِ ٱلْأَنفُسُ ٱلشُّحَّ ۚ وَإِن تُحْسِنُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا

If a wife fears cruelty or desertion on her husband's part, there is no blame on them if they arrange an amicable settlement between themselves; and such settlement is best; even though men's souls are swayed by greed. But if ye do good and practise self-restraint, Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do.

11:72
قَالَتْ يَـٰوَيْلَتَىٰٓ ءَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا۠ عَجُوزٌ وَهَـٰذَا بَعْلِى شَيْخًا ۖ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَشَىْءٌ عَجِيبٌ

She said: "Alas for me! shall I bear a child, seeing I am an old woman, and my husband here is an old man? That would indeed be a wonderful thing!"

24:31
وَقُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَـٰرِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ أَوْ ءَابَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَآئِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِىٓ إِخْوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِىٓ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَآئِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُهُنَّ أَوِ ٱلتَّـٰبِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُو۟لِى ٱلْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ أَوِ ٱلطِّفْلِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَىٰ عَوْرَٰتِ ٱلنِّسَآءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
A husband: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. بُعُولَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and بُعُولٌ and بِعَالٌ . (K.) And A wife; as also بَعْلَةٌ ; (S, Msb, K;) like زَوْجٌ and زَوْجَةٌ . (S, Msb. *) A lord, a master, an owner, or a possessor, (S, Msb, K,) of a thing, (K,) such as a house, and a beast, (TA,) or a she-camel: (S:) a head, chief, ruler, or person of authority. (El-Khattábee, TA.) [And hence,] A certain idol, (S, K,) of gold, (TA,) belonging to the people of Ilyás, (S, K,) who is said to be the same as Idrees, the grandfather, or an ancestor, of Noah, or to have been a grandson of Aaron, (Bd in vi. 85,) or the son of the brother of Aaron: (Jel ibid.:) it is mentioned in the Kur xxxvii. 123: accord. to one copy of the K, it belonged to the people of Jonas; and so in the Kitáb el-Mujarrad of Kr: accord. to Mujáhid, it means a deity that is not God: (TA:) or a certain king: (IAar, K:) but [SM says,] the correct explanation is the first: (TA:) or a certain idol belonging to the people of Bekk, in Syria; i. e., of the town now called Baala-Bekk: so in the Kur: (Bd, Jel: *) or it means in the dial. of El-Yemen a lord; and so in the Kur. (Bd.) Also One whom it is a necessary duty to obey; as a father, and a mother, and the like. (TA.) And A family, or household, whose maintenance is incumbent on a man. (TA.) And it may be a contraction of بَعِلٌ , as meaning Lacking strength, or power, or ability; unable to find the right way to accomplish his affair. (TA.) Also A weight, or burden. (K, TA.) You say, أَصْبَحَ فُلَانٌ بَعْلًا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ Such a one became a weight, or burden, upon his family; because of his ascendency over them. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Elevated land, (S, K,) upon which comes neither running water nor torrent, (S,) or that is not rained upon more than once in the year: (K:) or land elevated above other land; as being likened to the man who is thus termed. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Any palm-trees, and other trees, and seed-produce, not watered: or such as are watered by the rain: (K:) or palm-trees ( نَخْل ) that imbibe with their roots, and so need not to be watered: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) metaphorically so applied: (Mgh:) AA says that it is syn. with عِذْىٌ , meaning what is watered by the rain: but As says that this latter word has the meaning just given, whereas بعل signifies what imbibes with its roots, without irrigation or rain: (S, Msb:) or palm-trees growing in land whereof the supply of water is near [to the surface], so that it suffices without their having irrigation or rain: (TA:) or large, so as to imbibe with the roots: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and a male palm-tree; (K, TA;) likened to the man who is thus termed: (TA:) and Az says that it is used as meaning [dates such as are termed] قَسْب . (TA.) And The tax, or impost, that is given for the watering of palm-trees. (K.)
Nounبَعِلٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — confounded, or perplexed; lacking strength, or abilitygenerated

1

Ism fāʿil of بَعِلَ: confounded, or perplexed, and the like.

Also lacking strength, power, or ability; unable to find the right way to accomplish his affair.

1.1

With ة, used as an adjective for a woman: one who does not dress well, nor manage her personal state or condition well.

Show Lane's original text
part. n. of بَعِلَ , Confounded, or perplexed, &c. (K.) And Lacking strength, or power, or ability; unable to find the right way to accomplish his affair. (TA.) With ة , applied as an epithet to a woman, (S,) and meaning One who does not dress, or wear clothes, well, (K, TA,) nor well adjust her personal state or condition. (TA.)