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بشر

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Form 1بَشَرَ7 senses · 2 main
muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُ·ـِيَفْعِلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarبَشْرٌ إِبْشَارٌ

Core sense — he pared a hide, removing its surface; and he rejoicedgenerated

1.1he pared a hide, removing its بَشَرَة, its surface, or the skin on which the hair grew—ابشر

and, in this form.

I removed from the hide its بَشَرَة—بَشَرْتُ الأَدِيمَ

Or, as some say: removing its inner part with a large knife.

Ibn-Buzurj: some of the Arabs say this, with.

I exposed to view its بَشَرَة, which was next to the flesh—أَبْشَرْتُهُ
I exposed to view its أَدَمَة, on which the hair grew—آدَمْتُهُ

[But see أَدَمَةٌ.]

1.1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredwhoever loves the Qur'ān, let him make himself light of flesh for [reading, or reciting,] it—مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَبْشُرْ

From a tradition, according to the reader who recites it with damm on the ش. [He does so by not eating more than is enough, and so prepares himself, like one preparing a horse for running,] because eating much makes a person forget it.

1.1.2figurative · مجاز — inferredit (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground, eating what was on its surface—بَشَرَ الأَرْضَ

Maṣdar as above. As though the outside of the ground were its بَشَرَة.

1.1.3he clipped his mustache close, so that the بَشَرَة (the outer skin) showed—بَشَرَ

The Muslim is commanded to do this.

maṣdar as above.

1.1.4such a one met me with a cheerful face—بَشَرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ

See also form 2, in two places.

1.1.5

And see form 3.

1.2he rejoiced, he became rejoiced—بَشِرَ

. Also بَشَرَ; maṣdar بَشْرٌ, بُشُورٌ and ابشر.

[This last is the commonest, though irregular by analogy, being quasi-passive of بَشَرَ, like احجم, احنج, اعرض, اقشع, اكبّ and انهج, which MF mentions under حنج as the only other instances of the kind, and اخلج, added under خلج.]

Maṣdar also إِبْشَارٌ, استبشر and تبشّر.

[Originally: he became changed in his بَشَرَة (or complexion) by the announcement of an event: see بَشَّرَهُ.]

at, or by, such a thing; at the announcement of such a thing—بِكَذَا
an affair happened to me at which I rejoiced—أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ بَشِرْتُ بِهِ
he rejoiced [at the announcement of a new-born child]—أَبْشَرَ بِمَوْلُودٍ
rejoice! [at the announcement of a good event]—أَبْشِرْ بِخَيْرٍ

أَبْشِرُوا is used in the same sense in the Qur'ān 41:30.

Qur’ān 41:31 approximate — somewhere between 41:24 and 41:54 Lane cites “Kur xli. 30”
Qur’ān 41:30 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَقَـٰمُوا۟ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَبْشِرُوا۟ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ

In the case of those who say, "Our Lord is Allah", and, further, stand straight and steadfast, the angels descend on them (from time to time): "Fear ye not!" (they suggest), "Nor grieve! but receive the Glad Tidings of the Garden (of Bliss), the which ye were promised!Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Show Lane's original text
, aor. بَشُرَ , (S, Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ ; (S, Msb, K;) and ابشر , (A,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ ; (K;) He pared (S, A, Msb, K) a hide, (S, A, Msb,) removing its بَشَرَة , (S,) or face, or surface, (A, Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew: (TA:) or, as some say, removing its inner part with a large knife: or, accord. to Ibn-Buzurj, some of the Arabs say, بَشَرْتُ الأَدِيمَ , aor. بَشِرَ , meaning I removed from the hide its بَشَرَة ; and أَبْشَرْتُهُ as meaning I exposed to view its بَشَرَة that was next to the flesh; and آدَمْتُهُ I exposed to view its أَدَمَة upon which the hair grew. (TA.) [But see أَدَمَةٌ .] Hence the saying in a trad., مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَبْشُرْ , accord. to him who recites it thus, with damm to the ش ; meaning Whoso loveth the Kur-án, let him make himself light of flesh, [by not eating more than will be sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading, or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for running,] because eating much causes one to forget it. (TA.) Hence also, بَشَرَ الأَرْضَ , (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) It (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground; (TA;) ate what was upon the ground, (S, K,) i. e., upon its surface; as though the exterior of the ground were its بَشَرَة . (TA.) And بَشَرَ , aor. بَشُرَ , (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that the بَشَرَة (i. e. the exterior of the skin, TA) became apparent. (K, TA.) This the Muslim is commanded to do. (TA.) بَشَرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance. (S.) See also 2, in two places. And see 3. بَشِرَ , aor. بَشَرَ ; (IAar, S, Msb, K;) and بَشَرَ , aor. بَشِرَ , (IAar, K,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ ; (TA;) and ابشر , [which is the most common, though extr. in respect of analogy, as being quasi-pass. of بَشَرَ , like احجم and احنج and اعرض and اقشع and اكبّ and انهج , (mentioned by MF in art. حنج as the only other instances of the kind,) and اخلج , (added in the TA in art. خلج ,)] (S, A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ ; (S;) and استبشر ; (S, A, Msb, K;) and تبشّر ; (A;) [originally, He became changed in his بَشَرَة (or complexion) by the annunciation of an event: see بَشَّرَهُ : and hence,] he rejoiced, or became rejoiced; (IAar, S, A, Msb, K;) بِكَذَا [at, or by, such a thing; or at, or by, the annunciation of such a thing]. (IAar, S, K. *) You say, أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ بَشِرْتُ بِهِ An affair happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby I became rejoiced. (S.) And أَبْشَرَ بِمَوْلُودٍ He rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And أَبْشِرْ بِخَيْرٍ Rejoice thou [at the annunciation of a good event]. (S, K.) And in the same sense أَبْشِرُوا is used in the Kur xli. 30. (S.)
Form 2بشّرهُ1 sense

Core sense — he announced an event to him, he rejoiced him by the newsgenerated

2.1figurative · مجاز — inferredhe rejoiced him by the announcement of the event—بشّرهُ بِالأَمْرِ

This is the form used by the Arabs in general; maṣdar تَبْشِيرٌ. The variant بَشَرَهُ, belongs to the dialect of Tihámeh and the neighbouring parts; its maṣdar is بَشْرٌ, بُشُورٌ and بُشْرٌ, or this last is a simple noun. ابشرهُ and استبشرهُ mean the same.

Originally: he announced to him an event which produced a change in his بَشَرَة [or complexion]. El-Fakhr Er-Rázee: and hence, he announced to him an event which rejoiced him — so in common use [when not restricted by an adjunct giving it a different meaning: see بُشْرَى, and the example below]. Or: he rejoiced him by an announcement; and: he announced to him an event which grieved him. El-Fakhr Er-Rázee holds both of these meanings proper.

Also بَشَرَهُ بِهِ, with muḍāriʿ and maṣdars as above.

I rejoiced him by the announcement of a new-born child—بَشَّرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ
grieve them by the announcement of a painful punishment—بَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

In the Qur'ān 3:20 and elsewhere.

she made it known that she had begun to be pregnant—بَشَّرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ

Said of a she-camel.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 2 1 shown of 37
84:24
فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

So announce to them a Penalty Grievous,

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
(S, A, Msb, &c.,) the form used by the Arabs in general, (Msb,) inf. n. تَبْشِيرٌ ; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) and بَشَرَهُ , aor. بَشُرَ , (S, Mgh, Msb,) of the dial. of Tihámeh and the adjacent parts, (Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ (S, K) and بُشْرٌ , (TA,) or this last is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ابشرهُ ; (S, A, Mgh, K;) and استبشرهُ ; (K, TA;) are syn.; (S, K, &c.;) originally signifying He announced to him an event which produced a change in his بَشَرَة [or complexion]: and hence, (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee,) he announced to him an event which rejoiced him: (A, El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) so in common acceptation [when not restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having a different meaning: see بُشْرَى and an ex. below in this paragraph]: (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) or he rejoiced him [by an annunciation]: (Msb:) and he announced to him an event which grieved him: [or he grieved him by an annunciation:] both these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee.) You say, بشّرهُ بِالأَمْرِ [generally meaning He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the event]; and بَشَرَهُ بِهِ , aor. and inf. ns. as above; &c. (TA.) And بَشَّرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ [I rejoiced him by the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [iii. 20, &c.], بَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ [Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denunciation, of a painful punishment]. (S.) You say also, of a she-camel, بَشَّرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ , meaning She made it known that she had begun to be pregnant. (TA. [See also 4.])
Form 3باشر المَرْأَةَ4 senses · 1 main
maṣdarمُبَاشَرَةٌ بَشْرٌ

Core sense — he was in contact with her, skin to skin; he managed an affair himselfgenerated

3.1he lay with her, skin to skin—وَطِئَهَا

Maṣdar مُبَاشَرَةٌ and بِشَارٌ. He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin; he enjoyed [contact with] her skin; he was in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth.

Both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ are used [and so بَشَرَهَا]; and بَشْرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ mean the same, of sexual intercourse.

3.1.1figurative · مجاز[enjoyment attended him]—باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ

[As though it clung to his skin.]

3.1.2figurative · مجازand they felt the joy and happiness that come from certainty—فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ

Or رُوحَ اليقين. A metaphorical expression, occurring in a tradition of ʿAlee.

3.1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredhe managed, or conducted, the affair himself, in his own person—باشر الأَمْرَ

.

Or: he was present at the affair himself; or, properly, he managed the affair with his بَشَرَة, that is, his own hand.

Hence a later use of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ [he attended to the thing, or affair].

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 3
2:187
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ ٱلصِّيَامِ ٱلرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَآئِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ ٱللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَٱلْـَٔـٰنَ بَـٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَٱبْتَغُوا۟ مَا كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ ٱلْخَيْطُ ٱلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ ٱلْخَيْطِ ٱلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ ٱلْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا۟ ٱلصِّيَامَ إِلَى ٱلَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَـٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَـٰكِفُونَ فِى ٱلْمَسَـٰجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ

Permitted to you, on the night of the fasts, is the approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments. Allah knoweth what ye used to do secretly among yourselves; but He turned to you and forgave you; so now associate with them, and seek what Allah Hath ordained for you, and eat and drink, until the white thread of dawn appear to you distinct from its black thread; then complete your fast Till the night appears; but do not associate with your wives while ye are in retreat in the mosques. Those are Limits (set by) Allah: Approach not nigh thereto. Thus doth Allah make clear His Signs to men: that they may learn self-restraint.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
, (K, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, TA) and بِشَارٌ , (TA,) He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin: (TA:) he enjoyed [contact with] her skin: (Msb:) he became in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth: (K:) he lay with her, [skin to skin; or in the sense of] inivit eam: (S, K:) i. q. وَطِئَهَا , both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ : (TA:) [and so بَشَرَهَا inf. n. بَشْرٌ ; for] بَشْرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ are syn. [in the sense of congressus venereus, as is shown by an ex. in the S.]. (S, K.) باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ [Enjoyment attended him; as though it clave to his skin]. (A.) فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ , or رُوحَ اليقين , is a metaphorical expression, [app. meaning And they felt the joy and happiness that arise from certainty,] occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) باشر الأَمْرَ , (S, A, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ , (S,) He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair himself, or in his own person: (S, K, TA:) or he was present, himself, at the affair: (A, TA:) or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the affair with his بَشَرَة , i. e., his own hand: (Mgh, * Msb:) and hence a later application of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ [He regarded, or attended to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (Msb.)
Form 4ابشر6 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he pared a hide; he rejoiced; it made his face brightgenerated

4.1

See form 1, first sentence, in two places.

4.1.1the affair made his face beautiful and bright—ابشر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ

In the K we read أَبْشَرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ, but this is a mistake.

In keeping with this explanation, AA renders a reading in the Qur'ān 42:22, ذٰلِكَ ٱلَّذِى يُبْشِرُ ٱللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ, as meaning: that is what God will make the faces of his servants beautiful and bright with.

4.1.2

See also form 2.

4.1.3figurative · مجاز — inferredthe she-camel conceived, became pregnant—أَبْشَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ

As though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. [See form 2, last sentence.]

4.1.4figurative · مجازthe earth put forth its herbage, showing on its surface—أَبْشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ
4.2

See also form 1, latter part, in four places.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4
41:30
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَقَـٰمُوا۟ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَبْشِرُوا۟ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ

In the case of those who say, "Our Lord is Allah", and, further, stand straight and steadfast, the angels descend on them (from time to time): "Fear ye not!" (they suggest), "Nor grieve! but receive the Glad Tidings of the Garden (of Bliss), the which ye were promised!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1, first sentence, in two places. [Hence,] ابشر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ The affair made his countenance beautiful and bright: in the K we read, أَبْشَرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Agreeably with this explanation, AA renders a reading in the Kur [xlii. 22], ذٰلِكَ ٱلَّذِى يُبْشِرُ ٱللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ , meaning That is it with which God will make beautiful and bright the face of his servants: so in the L. (TA.) See also 2. [Hence,] أَبْشَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant: (K:) as though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. (TA. [See 2, last sentence.]) And أَبْشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ The earth put forth its herbage appearing upon its surface. (S, K.) See also 1, latter part, in four places.
Form 5تَبَشَّرَ1 sense

Core sense — he rejoiced at good newsgenerated

5.1

See form 1, latter part.

Show Lane's original text
see, latter part.
Form 6تباشر القَوْمُ1 sense

Core sense — they announced a joyful event to one anothergenerated

6.1they rejoice one another by announcing that event—هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ

The people, or company of men, announced a joyful event, or joyful events, one to another.

Show Lane's original text
The people, or company of men, announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joyful events. (S.) And هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ They rejoice one another by the annunciation of that event. (TA.)
Form 10استبشر3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he rejoiced at good tidings; he demanded a reward for an annunciationgenerated

10.1

See form 1, latter part.

10.2he demanded of him a reward for announcing joyful news—استبشرهُ
10.2.1

See also form 2.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 10 3 shown of 7
3:171
يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

They glory in the Grace and the bounty from Allah, and in the fact that Allah suffereth not the reward of the Faithful to be lost (in the least).

15:67
وَجَآءَ أَهْلُ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ

The inhabitants of the city came in (mad) joy (at news of the young men).

39:45
وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ ٱشْمَأَزَّتْ قُلُوبُ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ ۖ وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ

When Allah, the One and Only, is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are filled with disgust and horror; but when (gods) other than He are mentioned, behold, they are filled with joy!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see 1, latter part. استبشرهُ He demanded of him a reward for an annunciation of joyful tidings. (M.) See also 2.

Derived nouns 20

Nounبُشْرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — cheerfulness of face; joy, gladnessgenerated

1

See بُشْرَى.

1.1

It is also a contraction of بُشُرٌ, which is the plural of بَشُورٌ or بَشِيرٌ, as stated under نشر.

Qur’ānic occurrences بُشْر 2 shown of 3
25:48
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَرْسَلَ ٱلرِّيَـٰحَ بُشْرًۢا بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَحْمَتِهِۦ ۚ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً طَهُورًا

And He it is Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His mercy, and We send down pure water from the sky,-

27:63
أَمَّن يَهْدِيكُمْ فِى ظُلُمَـٰتِ ٱلْبَرِّ وَٱلْبَحْرِ وَمَن يُرْسِلُ ٱلرِّيَـٰحَ بُشْرًۢا بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَحْمَتِهِۦٓ ۗ أَءِلَـٰهٌ مَّعَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ تَعَـٰلَى ٱللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

Or, Who guides you through the depths of darkness on land and sea, and Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His Mercy? (Can there be another) god besides Allah?- High is Allah above what they associate with Him!

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see بُشْرَى . It is also a contraction of بُشُرٌ , which is pl. of بَشُورٌ (TA) or بَشِيرٌ . (TA in art. نشر .)
Nounبِشْرٌ1 sense

Core sense — cheerfulness of face; happiness, joy, gladnessgenerated

1he is cheerful, open and pleasant in face—هُوَ حَسَنُ البِشْرِ

Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of face; and happiness, joy, or gladness.

Show Lane's original text
Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of countenance: (Mgh, Msb, K, * TA:) and happiness, joy, or gladness. (Har p. 192.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ البِشْرِ He is cheerful, or open and pleasant, in countenance. (S.)
Nounبَشَرٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — mankind, a human being; also the outer skingenerated

1

See بَشَرَةٌ.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferredmankind; a human being—البَشَرُ

Some say that a human being is called this because his بَشَرَة is bare of hair and of wool.

he is a human being—هُوَ بَشَرٌ
she is a human being—هِىَ بَشَرٌ
they (more than two) are human beings—هُمْ بَشَرٌ
they two are human beings—هُمَا بَشَرٌ

Applied to the male and to the female, and used alike as singular, plural and dual.

But sometimes it has the dual form, as in the Qur'ān 23:49, though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the singular; and sometimes it has a plural, namely أَبْشَارٌ.

This is a secondary application of the word, so this meaning is figurative; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense that in this use it is conventionally regarded as proper, the sense not depending on another word being joined to it. But in the S and K, and by most authors, this meaning is given as proper.

[the father of mankind, meaning] Adam—أَبُو البَشَرِ
Qur’ān 23:49 approximate — somewhere between 23:22 and 23:54 Lane cites “Kur xxiii. 49”
Qur’ānic occurrences بَشَر 2 shown of 37
74:29
لَوَّاحَةٌ لِّلْبَشَرِ

Darkening and changing the colour of man!

74:36
نَذِيرًا لِّلْبَشَرِ

A warning to mankind,-

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
: see بَشَرَةٌ [Hence,] البَشَرُ Mankind: (S, Msb, K:) and the human being: (Msb, K:) applied to the male and to the female; and used alike as sing. and pl. (Msb, K, TA) and dual: (TA:) so that you say, هُوَ بَشَرٌ He is a human being, and هِىَ بَشَرٌ She is a human being, and هُمْ بَشَرٌ They (more than two) are human beings, and هُمَا بَشَرٌ They two are human beings: (TA:) but sometimes it has the dual form; (Msb, K;) as in the Kur xxiii. 49; (Msb, TA;) though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the sing.: (MF:) and sometimes it has a pl., namely, أَبْشَارٌ . (K.) This is a secondary application of the word: (Msb:) i. e., this signification is tropical; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon its having another word connected with it: but in the S and K, and by the generality of authors, this signification is given as proper. (MF.) Some say that a human being is thus called because his بَشَرَة is bare of hair and of wool. (MF.) [Hence,] أَبُو البَشَرِ [The father of mankind; meaning] Adam. (K.)
Nounبَشَرَةٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — the external skin, the cuticle; the complexion; herbage on the ground's surfacegenerated

1the outside of the skin of the head, in which the hair grows—بَشَرَةٌ

Also بَشَرٌ, or the latter is the plural of this word, [or rather an ism jamʿ, of which this is the ism waḥda,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ; and أَبْشَارٌ is the plural of بَشَرٌ.

The outer skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis; the outside of the skin of a human being, and, as some say, of other creatures, such as the serpent, but this is generally disallowed.

So too أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ. Aboo-Safwán.

Or the upper skin of the head, face and body of a human being, that on which the hair grows; or, as some say, that which is next the flesh.

It is said in a proverb: إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ — see أَدِيمٌ.

1.1the complexion, or hue; and fineness, or delicacy—بَشَرَةٌ

It has these meanings only sometimes.

2figurative · مجازthe herbage appearing on the surface of the earth—بَشَرَةُ الأَرْضُ
how goodly is its herbage appearing on its surface!—مَا أَحْسَنَ بَشَرَتَهَا

بَشَرَةٌ by itself means leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage.

2.1figurative · مجاز — inferreda man's hand—بَشَرَةٌ

[See form 3, last sentence.]

Show Lane's original text
(Lth, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb) and بَشَرٌ , (S, K,) or the latter is pl. of the former, (Msb, K,) [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ , (Msb,) and أَبْشَارٌ is pl. of بَشَرٌ , (K,) [The external skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis;] the exterior of the skin (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of a human being; (S, A, K;) and, as some say, of other creatures, (K,) such as the serpent; but this is generally disallowed: (TA:) or بَشَرَةٌ signifies the exterior of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair; as also أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ : (Aboo-Safwán:) or the upper skin (Lth, M) of the head (M) and of the face and body of a human being; (Lth, M;) that upon which the hair grows: (M:) or, as some say, that which is next the flesh. (M.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ : see أَدِيمٌ . بَشَرَةٌ sometimes means The complexion, or hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (TA.) بَشَرَةُ الأَرْضُ The herbage appearing upon the surface of the earth. (S, A, K.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ بَشَرَتَهَا How goodly is its herbage appearing upon its surface! (S, A.) And بَشَرَةٌ [alone] signifies Leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (TA.) بَشَرَةٌ is used also as signifying A man's hand. (Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]
Nounبُشْرَى1 sense

Core sense — joyful tidings, good newsgenerated

1

Imperfectly declinable, because it ends in a feminine alif that cannot be separated from it.

This word, and بِشَارَةٌ, بُشَارَةٌ [but on this last see بِشَارَةٌ below] and بُشْرٌ, are nouns from بَشَّرَهُ: [originally, an announcement which produces a change in the بَشَرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made; and hence, a joyful announcement; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news.]

تَبَاشِيرُ means the same as بُشْرَى.

بِشَارَةٌ, used absolutely, relates only to good, and not to evil unless it is expressly restricted to it by an adjunct: see form 2. Its plurals are بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ.

Show Lane's original text
(imperfectly decl., because it terminates with a fem. alif which is inseparable from it, S) and بِشَارَةٌ and بُشَارَةٌ [but respecting this last see بِشَارَةٌ below] (S, Msb, K) and بُشْرٌ (Msb) are substs. from بَشَّرَهُ (S, Msb, K) [originally signifying An annunciation which produces a change in the بَشَرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made: and hence, a joyful annunciation; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news]: and تَبَاشِيرُ [q. v. infrà] signifies the same as بُشْرَى : (S, K:) بِشَارَةٌ , when used absolutely, relates only to good; (S, Msb;) not to evil unless when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct: [see 2:] (S:) its pl. is بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ . (A.)
Nounيَا بُشْرَاىَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — my joyful news!, my good news!generated

1the joyful announcements followed one after another—تَتَابَعَتِ البِشَارَاتُ

In the Qur'ān 12:19, according to one reading, meaning: my joyful announcement! my good news! Other readings, as Bd mentions, are بُشْرَاىْ, or بُشْرَىَّ, a dialectal variant of the same, or بُشْرَى, which some say was the name of a man.

It is like عَصَاى, and in the dual you say يَا بُشْرَيَىَّ.

Also البَشَائِرُ.

See another example under بَشِيرٌ.

1.1

See also بِشَارَةٌ.

Show Lane's original text
, in the Kur [xii. 19, accord. to one reading, (otherwise, as Bd mentions, بُشْرَاىْ , or بُشْرَىَّ , which is a dial. var. of the same, or بُشْرَى , which, as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning O my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or good news!], is like عَصَاى : and in the dual you say, يَا بُشْرَيَىَّ . (S.) You say also, تَتَابَعَتِ البِشَارَاتُ and البَشَائِرُ [The joyful annunciations followed consecutively]. (A.) See another ex. voce بَشِيرٌ . See also بِشَارَةٌ .
Nounبَشَرِىٌّ1 sense

Core sense — human, relating to mankindgenerated

1

[Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]

Show Lane's original text
[ Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]
Nounبُشَارٌ1 sense

Core sense — the refuse, or lowest or basest sort, of peoplegenerated

1figurative · مجاز — inferred

The refuse, or lowest, basest, or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people.

Show Lane's original text
The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (IAar, K.)
Nounبَشُورٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who announces joyful news; goodly, beautifulgenerated

1

See the next entry, in three places.

Show Lane's original text
: see what next follows, in three places.
Nounبَشِيرٌ2 senses

Core sense — one who announces joyful news; goodly, beautiful in formgenerated

1figurative · مجازone who announces an event to a people, either good or evil, but more often good—مُبَشِّرٌ

So too بَشُورٌ, as an example below shows. Plural بُشَرَآءُ and بُشُرٌ, as stated under نشر, or this last is the plural of بَشُورٌ.

and He it is who sends the winds announcing coming rain—وَ هُوَ ٱلَّذِى يُرْسِلُ ٱلرِّيَاحَ بُشُرًا

This is in the Qur'ān 7:55; other readings are بُشْرًا, بُشْرَى and بَشْرًا.

In it, بُشُرٌ is the plural of بَشُورٌ [which means the same as بَشِيرٌ and مُبَشِّرٌ, but is both masculine and feminine], or of بَشِيرٌ, or of بَشِيرَةٌ, as stated under نشر; and بُشْرًا is a contraction of the same. بُشْرَى means the same as بِشَارَةٌ, and بَشْرًا is the maṣdar of بَشَرَهُ in the sense of بَشَّرَهُ.

[But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا, with ن; another reading is نُشْرًا, another نَشْرًا, and another نَشَرًا.]

winds that announce coming rain—المُبَشِّرَاتُ

Or مُبَشِّرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ; so in the Qur'ān 30:45.

Lane cites “Kur xxx. 45” — Flügel numbering, not yet mapped
2beautiful in make and colour—مَبْشُورَةٌ

Also: goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features. Said of a man, and of a face.

The feminine is formed with ة, and is said of a woman and of a she-camel; of a she-camel it means neither emaciated nor fat, or, according to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed, or, as some say, half-fattened. Plural of the feminine بَشَائِرُ.

Said of a girl.

Show Lane's original text
i. q. مُبَشِّرٌ , (S, Mgh, K,) [and so بَشُورٌ , as will be seen by an ex. in what follows,] One who announces to a people [or person] an event, either good or evil; (TA;) but meaning the former oftener than the latter: (Msb:) [an announcer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one who rejoices another, or others, by an annunciation:] pl. بُشَرَآءُ (A) and بُشُرٌ , (TA in art. نشر ,) or this is pl. of بَشُورٌ . (TA in the present art.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 55], وَ هُوَ ٱلَّذِى يُرْسِلُ ٱلرِّيَاحَ بُشُرًا , and بُشْرًا , and بُشْرَى , and بَشْرًا ; [accord. to different readings, meaning And He it is who sendeth the winds announcing coming rain;] in which بُشُرٌ is pl. of بَشُورٌ , [syn. with بَشِيرٌ and مُبَشِّرٌ , but both masc. and fem.,] (TA,) or of بَشِيرٌ , (Bd,) or of بَشِيرَةٌ ; (TA in art. نشر ;) and بُشْرًا is a contraction of the same; and بُشْرَى is syn. with بِشَارَةٌ ; and بَشْرًا is the inf. n. of بَشَرَهُ in the sense of بَشَّرَهُ (TA. [But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا , with ن : another reading is نُشْرًا : another, نَشْرًا : and another, نَشَرًا .]) And المُبَشِّرَاتُ , (A,) or مُبَشِّرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ , (S,) signifies Winds that announce [coming] rain: (S, A:) so in the Kur xxx. 45. (TA.) Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features; (S, K;) applied to a man, and to a face: (TA:) fem. with ة ; (S, K;) applied to a woman, and to a she-camel; (S;) and meaning, when applied to a she-camel, neither emaciated nor fat: or, accord. to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say, half-fattened: (TA:) pl. of the fem. بَشَائِرُ : (S:) and مَبْشُورَةٌ signifies beautiful in make and colour; (IAar, K;) applied to a girl. (IAar.)
Nounبَشَارَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — goodliness, beauty, elegance of formgenerated

1

Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features.

Show Lane's original text
Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features. (S, K, TA.)
Nounبُشَارَةٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — what is pared off from the face of a hidegenerated

1what is pared off from the back of a hide—تِحْلِئٌ

What is pared off from the face of a hide.

2

See also بِشَارَةٌ.

2.1

And see بُشْرَى.

Show Lane's original text
What is pared off from the face of a hide: what is pared off from its back is called تِحْلِئٌ . (Lh.) See also بِشَارَةٌ : and see بُشْرَى .
Nounبِشَارَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — joyful tidings; a gift to one who brings good newsgenerated

1

Plural بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ. See بُشْرَى, in three places, and see also تَبَاشِيرُ.

1.1I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful news—أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى بِشَارَةً

Also: a gift to the one who announces a joyful event; and so بُشَارَةٌ, or it is this latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل, that has this meaning; and so also بُشْرَى. بِشَارَةٌ [has the same meaning in common usage, but properly] is a noun in the sense explained above, under بُشْرَى.

Show Lane's original text
; pl. بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ : see بُشْرَى , in three places; and see also تَبَاشِيرُ . Also A gift to him who announces a joyful event; and so بُشَارَةٌ : (K, * TA:) or the latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل , has this signification; (IAth;) and so بُشْرَى ; (M;) and بِشَارَةٌ [has the same meaning accord. to common usage, but, properly,] is a subst. in the sense explained above, voce بُشْرَى . (IAth.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى بِشَارَةً I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful annunciation. (TA from a trad.)
Nounهُوَ أَبْشَرُ مِنْهُ1 sense

Core sense — he is more goodly or beautiful, and more fat, than hegenerated

1

He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he.

Show Lane's original text
He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he. (K.)
Nounتُبُشِّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a certain birdgenerated

1a certain bird, called by this name—صُفَارِيَّة

In J's handwriting تُبَشِّرٌ [and so in my copies of the S]; a word which has no like except تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ?], and وَادِى تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ], and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ].

Its ism waḥda is formed with ة.

Show Lane's original text
, in the hand writing of J تُبَشِّرٌ , [and so in my copies of the S,] a word of which there is not the like except in the instances of تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ ?] and وَادِى تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ ] and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ ], (TA,) A certain bird, called the صُفَارِيَّة : (S, K:) n. un. with ة . (K.)
Nounتَبَاشِيرُ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — foretokens of what is good; the beginnings, or first signs, of daybreakgenerated

1figurative · مجاز[in him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]—فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ

As though it were the plural of تَبْشِيرٌ, maṣdar of بَشَّرَ, a word which has no like except تَعَاشِيبُ, تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ, and probably a few others].

[Announcements; foretokens; foreshowers; signs; earnests, of what is good:] the beginnings of anything; the first of blossoms and the like; the beginnings, or first announcements, of daybreak, as also بَشَائِرُ.

It has no verb, and is said to have no singular; but in a tradition of El-Hajjáj, تَبْشِيرٌ occurs meaning the beginning of rain.

See also بُشْرَى.

1.1figurative · مجاز — inferred

Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night.

1.2figurative · مجاز — inferred

Streaks seen on the surface of the ground, made by the winds.

1.3figurative · مجاز — inferred

The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; also تَبَاكِيرُ.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

Palm-trees that bear fruit early, or before others.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferred

Marks of galls on the side of a beast.

Show Lane's original text
, as though it were pl. of تَبْشِيرٌ , inf. n. of بَشَّرَ ; (A;) a word which has not its like except in the instances of تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ , and probably a few others]; (TA;) [Annunciations; foretokens; foretellers; foreshowers; prognostics; earnests; of what is good:] the beginnings of anything: (S, K:) the first of blossoms &c.: (TA:) the beginnings, (S, K,) or first annunciations, (A,) of daybreak; (S, A, K;) as also بَشَائِرُ : (TA:) it has no verb: (S:) and [is said to have] no sing.: but in a trad. of El-Hajjáj, تَبْشِيرٌ occurs as meaning the commencement of rain. (TA.) One says, فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ [In him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (A.) See also بُشْرَى . Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night. (TA.) Streaks that are seen upon the surface of the ground, caused by the winds. (Lth, K. *) The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; (K;) as also تَبَاكِيرُ . (TA.) Such as bear fruit early, or before others, of palm-trees. (K.) Marks of galls upon the side of a beast. (K.)
Nounرَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُبْشَرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a perfect man, combining softness and strengthgenerated

1figurative · مجازa woman perfect in every respect—اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ

A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the بَشَرَة [or outer skin]; or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs.

[See also ادم.]

Show Lane's original text
A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the بَشَرَة [or outer skin]: (S:) or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs: (As:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ a woman perfect in every respect. (TA.) [See also art. ادم .]
Nounمُبَشِّرٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who announces joyful newsgenerated

1

This and مُبَشِّرَاتٌ: see بَشِيرٌ.

Qur’ānic occurrences مُبَشِّر 1 shown of 9
25:56
وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَـٰكَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا

But thee We only sent to give glad tidings and admonition.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text
and مُبَشِّرَاتٌ : see بَشِيرٌ .
Nounمَبْشُورَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — beautiful in make and colour, said of a girlgenerated

1

See بَشِيرٌ, last sentence.

Show Lane's original text
: see بَشِيرٌ , last sentence.
Nounحِجْرٌمُبَاشِرٌ1 sense

Core sense — a mare desiring the stalliongenerated

1a mare desiring the stallion—حجر

[So in two copies of the S; in Golius's Lexicon مُبَاشِرَةٌ.]

Golius renders this word ‘vulva’.

[See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ, with س.]

Show Lane's original text
[so in two copies of the S: in Golius's Lex. مُبَاشِرَةٌ :] A mare [so I render حجر , which Golius renders ‘ vulva, ’] desiring the stallion. (S.) [See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ , with س .]