بسل

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Form 1بَسْلٌ5 senses · 3 main

muḍāriʿـُيَفْعُلُmaṣdarبُسُولٌ بَسَالَةٌ

Core sense — he prevented, or forbade; he frowned sternly; he was courageous in fightgenerated

1.1he prevented me from accomplishing my want—بَسَلَنِي عَنْ حَاجَتِى

Maṣdar of بَسَلَ: the act of preventing, hindering, withholding, debarring, or forbidding; synonym مَنْعٌ, and this is the primary meaning.

And إِعْجَالٌ and حَبْسٌ [both synonymous with مَنْعٌ] and إِبْسَالٌ [maṣdar of Form 4, see below] mean the same.

Synonym أَعْجَلَنِى.

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 69” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.2he (a man) frowned, looked stern, or contracted the part between his eyes—بَسَلَ

. Or, doing so, he grinned, or showed his teeth, out of courage or out of anger.

Also تبسّل and تبسّل وَجْهُهُ in the same sense [the M has "and", the K "or"].

his face, or he, became odious, and extremely foul in appearance—تبسّل

he (a man) was displeasing, or odious, in appearance to me—تبسّل لِى

1.2.1figurative · مجاز — inferredit was, or became, strong—بُسُولٌ

Said of flesh-meat: it stank, or became stinking.

Maṣdar; said of milk, and of نَبِيذ [must and the like].

In the CK بَسَّلَ is wrongly put here for بَسَلَ, and وَبَسَّلَهُ, which should come next, is omitted.

Or, said of milk: it became displeasing, or odious, in taste, and sour; and said of must: it became strong and sour.

Said of vinegar: having been left long, it became altered, or corrupted, in flavour. Az, in art. حذق.

1.3he was, or became, courageous, or strong-hearted, in war or fight—بِسُلَ

maṣdars بَسَالَةٌ and بَسَالٌ [on which see below].

From بَسْلٌ meaning "forbidden", because a man who has this quality defends himself from his opponent, as though it were forbidden to the opponent to do him any displeasing or evil deed.

El-Hoteíah says: [And sweeter than fresh-gathered dates, and in them is courage of soul, if courage of it is desired]

shāhid

وَأَحْلَى مِنَ التَّمْرِ الجَنِىِّ وَ فِيهِمُبَسَالَةُ نَفْسٍ إِنْ أُرِيدَ بَسَالُهَا

. But بسالها may here be shortened from بَسَالَنُهَا.

how clear his courage is!—مَا أَبْيَنَ بَسَالَتَهُ

1.3.1

See also Form 4.

Show Lane's original text

(inf. n. of بَسَلَ , M) is The act of preventing, hindering, withholding, debarring, forbidding, or prohibiting; syn. مَنْعٌ ; the primary meaning; (Bd in vi. 69;) and إِعْجَالٌ (M, K) and حَبْسٌ ; (AA, K;) [both syn. with مَنْعٌ ;] and إِبْسَالٌ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. infrà,] signifies the same. (Bd ubi suprà.) You say, بَسَلَنِي عَنْ حَاجَتِى , inf. n. as above, He prevented me from accomplishing my want; syn. أَعْجَلَنِى . (M.) بَسَلَ , (M, K,) aor. بَسُلَ , (M,) inf. n. بُسُولٌ , He (a man, TA) frowned, contracted his face, or looked sternly or austerely or morosely; or, doing so, grinned, or displayed his teeth; or contracted the part between his eyes; ( عَبَسَ ;) by reason of courage, or of anger; as also تبسّل : (M, K:) and [so in the M, but in the K “or” ] تبسّل وَجْهُهُ , (M, and so in some copies of the K,) or تبسّل [alone], (so in other copies of the K, and in the TA,) His face, or he, was, or became, odious, and excessively foul or unseemly or hideous, in aspect: (M, K:) and تبسّل لِى He (a man) was displeasing, or odious, in aspect to me. (TA.) And [hence], (M, K,) inf. n. بُسُولٌ , (TA,) said of milk, and of نَبِيذ [or must &c.], It was, or became, strong: (K: [in the CK, بَسَّلَ is here erroneously put for بَسَلَ ; and وَبَسَّلَهُ , which should next follow, is omitted:]) or, said of the former, it was, or became, displeasing, or odious, in taste, and sour; and, said of the latter, it was, or became, strong, and sour. (M, TA.) Also, said of vinegar, It, having been left long, became altered, or corrupted, in flavour. (Az in art. حذق , TA.) And, said of flesh-meat, It stank, or became stinking. (AHn, M, TA.) بِسُلَ , [aor. بَسُلَ ,] inf. n. بَسَالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and بَسَالٌ , [respecting which latter see what follows in the next sentence,] (M, K,) He was, or became, courageous, or strong-hearted, on the occasion of war, or fight: (S, M, Msb, K:) from بَسْلٌ meaning “forbidden,” or “prohibited;” because he who has this quality defends himself from his antagonist, as though it were forbidden to him [the latter] to do him a displeasing, or an evil, deed. (Ham p. 13.) El-Hoteíah says, 1 [And sweeter than fresh-gathered dates, and in them is courageousness of soul, if courageousness thereof be desired]: but بسالها may be here altered by curtailment from بَسَالَنُهَا . (M.) You say, مَا أَبْيَنَ بَسَالَتَهُ [How manifest is] his courage! (TA.) وَأَحْلَى مِنَ التَّمْرِ الجَنِىِّ وَ فِيهِمُ | بَسَالَةُ نَفْسٍ إِنْ أُرِيدَ بَسَالُهَا See also 4.

Form 2بسّلهُ1 sense

maṣdarتَبْسِيلٌ

Core sense — he made it an object of dislike; he disliked itgenerated

2.1he made it (a thing) an object of dislike, or hatred—تَبْسِيلٌ

Maṣdar of the verb; synonym كَرَّهَهُ.

Or: he disliked it, disapproved of it, or hated it; synonym كَرِهَهُ.

Show Lane's original text

, (M, K,) inf. n. تَبْسِيلٌ , (K,) He made it (a thing) to be an object of dislike, disapprobation, or hatred; syn. كَرَّهَهُ : (M:) or he disliked it, disapproved of it, or hated it; syn. كَرِهَهُ . (K.)

Form 3 · maṣdarمُبَاسَلَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — assaulting, or assailing, in wargenerated

3.1he assaulted, or assailed, in war—باسل

The headword is its maṣdar: assaulting, or assailing, in war.

Show Lane's original text

[inf. n. of باسل ] The act of assaulting, or assailing, in war. (S, PS.)

Form 4 · maṣdarإِبْسَالٌ5 senses · 3 main

Core sense — preventing, forbidding; giving in pledge; giving up to destructiongenerated

4.1he prevented, hindered, withheld, or forbade—ابسل

The maṣdar means the same as بَسْلٌ, explained at the beginning of this article: preventing, hindering, withholding, debarring, or forbidding.

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 69” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

4.2he pledged, or gave in pledge, him, or it—ابسلهُ

Maṣdar as above. Construed with لِكَذَا [and with بِكَذَا, as shown below, both meaning "for such a thing"].

And: he gave him, or it, in exchange, or as an equivalent, with لِكَذَا [and apparently بِكَذَا also, as above, for such a thing]; synonym عَرَّضَهُ.

And: he gave him up, delivered him over, or consigned him, to destruction, or to punishment.

'Owf Ibn-El-Ahwas says: [And my giving in pledge, or as an equivalent, or giving up to destruction, my sons, not for a crime that we have committed, nor for blood that has been shed by us]

shāhid

وَإِبْسَالِي بَنِىَّ بِغَيْرِجُرْمٍ بَعَوْنَاهُ وَ لَا بِدَمٍ مُرَاقِ

. He had given his sons in pledge for others, seeking peace, or reconciliation.

أَنْ تُبْسَلَ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ in the Qur'ān 6:69 means: lest a soul should be given up, or delivered, to destruction, or to punishment, for the evil it has done; or: should be given in pledge.

أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ أُبْسِلُوا بِمَا كَسَبُوا in the same place means, likewise, those who are given up, or delivered, to punishment for their sins (El-Ḥasan); or who are given in pledge; or who are destroyed; or, as Mujáhid says, who are disgraced, or put to shame, by the exposure of their sins; or, as Katádeh says, who are imprisoned.

4.2.1he left him to his work, not interfering with him in it—ابسلهُ لِعَمَلِهِ

Also بِعَمَلِهِ.

4.2.2he set his mind, or himself, on death, and felt certain of it—ابسل نَفْسَهُ لِلْمَوْتِ

Also استبسل [alone], تبسّل, and بسل [which last may be either بَسَلَ or بَسُلَ, or perhaps is a miscopying of أَبْسَلَ].

he set himself to being beaten, and felt certain of it—لِلضَّرْبِ

he submitted himself to death—ابتسل لِلْمَوْتِ

he threw himself into war or fight, wanting to kill or be killed, inevitably—استبسل

4.3how courageous, or strong-hearted, he is in war or fight!—مَا أَبْسَلَهُ

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4

6:70

وَذَرِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ دِينَهُمْ لَعِبًا وَلَهْوًا وَغَرَّتْهُمُ ٱلْحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۚ وَذَكِّرْ بِهِۦٓ أَن تُبْسَلَ نَفْسٌۢ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ لَيْسَ لَهَا مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِىٌّ وَلَا شَفِيعٌ وَإِن تَعْدِلْ كُلَّ عَدْلٍ لَّا يُؤْخَذْ مِنْهَآ ۗ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُبْسِلُوا۟ بِمَا كَسَبُوا۟ ۖ لَهُمْ شَرَابٌ مِّنْ حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌۢ بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَكْفُرُونَ

Leave alone those who take their religion to be mere play and amusement, and are deceived by the life of this world. But proclaim (to them) this (truth): that every soul delivers itself to ruin by its own acts: it will find for itself no protector or intercessor except Allah: if it offered every ransom, (or reparation), none will be accepted: such is (the end of) those who deliver themselves to ruin by their own acts: they will have for drink (only) boiling water, and for punishment, one most grievous: for they persisted in rejecting Allah.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

[inf. n. of ابسل ] i. q. بَسْلٌ as explained in the first sentence of this art. ; i. e., The act of preventing, hindering, withholding, debarring, (Bd in vi. 69,] forbidding, or prohibiting. (S, K, and Bd ubi suprà.) ابسلهُ (inf. n. as above, TA) He pledged, or gave in pledge, him, or it, (M, Msb, K,) لِكَذَا [and بِكَذَا , as will be shown below, both meaning for such a thing]: and he gave in exchange, or as an equivalent, him, or it, لِكَذَا [and app. بِكَذَا also, as above, for such a thing]; syn. عَرَّضَهُ : (M, K:) and he gave him up, delivered him, delivered him over, or consigned him, to destruction, (S, K,) or to punishment. (Az, TA.) 'Owf Ibn-El-Ahwas says, 1 [And my giving in pledge, or as an equivalent, or giving up to destruction, my sons, not for a crime that we have committed, nor for blood that has been shed by us]: (S, M, TA:) for he had given his sons in pledge for others, seeking peace, or reconciliation. (S, TA.) أَنْ تُبْسَلَ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ , in the Kur [vi. 69], means Lest a soul should be given up, or delivered, &c., (AO, S, Bd, Jel, TA.) to destruction, (Bd, Jel, TA,) or to punishment, (Az, TA,) for that which it hath done, (Az, Bd, Jel, TA,) of evil: (Bd:) or be given in pledge. (Bd, TA.) And أُولٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ أُبْسِلُوا بِمَا كَسَبُوا , in the same [ubi suprà], means, in like manner, Those who are given up, or delivered, &c., (to punishment, Bd) for their sins: (El- Hasan, Bd, * TA:) or who are given in pledge: (Msb, TA:) or are destroyed: or, as Mujáhid says, are disgraced, or put to shame, by the exposure of their sins: or, as Katádeh says, are imprisoned. (TA.) وَإِبْسَالِي بَنِىَّ بِغَيْرِجُرْمٍ بَعَوْنَاهُ وَ لَا بِدَمٍ مُرَاقِ ابسلهُ لِعَمَلِهِ and بِعَمَلِهِ He left him to his work, not interfering with him therein. (M, K.) ابسل نَفْسَهُ لِلْمَوْتِ , (M, K,) as also استبسل [alone], (M, K, and Ham p. 291), and تبسّل , and بسل , [which last may be either بَسَلَ or بَسُلَ , or perhaps it is a mistranscription for أَبْسَلَ ,] (Ham ibid.,) He disposed and subjected his mind, or himself, to death, (M, K, Ham,) and felt certain, or sure, of it: (Ham, TA:) and in like manner, لِلضَّرْبِ [to beating, i. e., to being beaten]: (TA:) and ابتسل لِلْمَوْتِ He submitted himself to death: (TA:) and استبسل He threw himself into war, or battle, or fight, desiring to slay or be slain, (S K,) inevitably. (S.) مَا أَبْسَلَهُ How courageous, or stronghearted, is he, on the occasion of war, or fight! (TA.)

Form 5تبسّل3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — he affected courage in fight, he emboldened himselfgenerated

5.1

He affected courage, or strength of heart, in war or fight; he emboldened himself, or became like a lion in boldness.

5.1.1

See Form 4.

5.2

Derived nouns 10

Nounبَسْلٌ2 senses

Core sense — forbidden, unlawful; and also allowed, lawfulgenerated

1this is forbidden, or unlawful, to you—هٰذَا بَسْلٌ عَلَيْكَ

my blood is, or shall be, allowed, or lawful, to you—دَمِى لَكُمْ بَسْلٌ

on this sense A maṣdar (see Form 1) used as an adjective: forbidden, prohibited, unlawful; and also allowed, permitted, lawful — so it has two opposite meanings. It is used alike as singular and plural, masculine and feminine [because it was originally a maṣdar].

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 69” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

See also بَاسِلٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

[an inf. n. (see 1) used as an epithet;] Forbidden; prohibited; unlawful: (S, M, K:) and allowed; permitted; lawful: (AA, IAar, M, K:) thus having two contr. significations: (AA, K:) used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem. [because originally an inf. n.]. (M, K.) You say, هٰذَا بَسْلٌ عَلَيْكَ This is forbidden, prohibited, or unlawful, to thee. (Bd in vi. 69.) And دَمِى لَكُمْ بَسْلٌ My blood is, or shall be, allowed, permitted, or lawful, to you. (M.) See also بَاسِلٌ , in two places.

Nounبَسِلٌ1 sense

Core sense — frowning, stern in aspect; courageous in fightgenerated

See بَاسِلٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَاسِلٌ .

Nounبِسِلَّى1 sense

Core sense — a grain like a small lupine; the peagenerated

A certain kind of grain like the lupine, or smaller than it; [the pea called by Linnæus pisum arvense]. A word of the dialect of Egypt, more commonly written today بِسِلَّة.

Show Lane's original text

[more commonly written in the present day بِسِلَّة ] A certain kind of grain like the lupine ( تُرْمُس ), or less than this; [the pea termed by Linnæus pisum arvense:] a word of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.)

Nounبَسُولٌ1 sense

Core sense — courageous in fight; frowning, stern in aspectgenerated

See بَاسِلٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَاسِلٌ , in two places.

Nounبَسِيلٌ1 sense

Core sense — courageous in fight; frowning, odious in aspectgenerated

See بَاسِلٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَاسِلٌ , in three places.

Nounبَسَالَةٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — courage, strength of heart; a stern frown; dislikegenerated

Maṣdar of بَسُلَ.

1.1

Also the same as بُسُولٌ, the maṣdar of بَسَلَ: a frowning, a contracting of the face, or a looking sternly; or doing so with grinning, or showing the teeth; or a contracting of the part between the eyes, out of courage or out of anger.

1.2

And dislike, disapproval, displeasure, or hatred.

Show Lane's original text

inf. n. of بَسُلَ , q. v. (S, M, &c.) Also [i. q. بُسُولٌ , inf. n. of بَسَلَ , q. v.; meaning] A frowning, contracting the face, or looking sternly or austerely or morosely; or doing so with grinning, or displaying the teeth; or contracting the part between the eyes; by reason of courage, or of anger. (Ham p. 14.) And dislike, disapprobation, displeasure, or hatred. (Ham ibid.)

Nounبَاسِلٌ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — courageous in fight; frowning, stern-faced; the liongenerated

Courageous, or strong-hearted, in war or fight, because a man who is so defends himself from his opponent; also بَسِيلٌ and بَسُولٌ.

Plural of the first, بُسْلٌ and بُسَلَآءُ.

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 69” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1

Frowning, contracting the face, or looking sternly; or doing so with grinning, or showing the teeth; or contracting the part between the eyes, out of courage or out of anger; also بَسْلٌ — in the K بَسِلٌ, but that is incorrect.

And بَسِيلٌ and بَاسِرٌ بَاسِلٌ: frowning much, or violently; applied to the face.

And بَسْلٌ and بَسِيلٌ: displeasing, or odious, in face, or aspect.

1.2

The lion, because of his displeasing, or odious, aspect, or because his prey does not escape from him; also بَسُولٌ and مُتَبَسِّلٌ.

Lane cites “Bd in vi. 69” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.3

Applied to a saying: hard, or severe, and displeasing, or odious.

1.4figurative · مجاز — inferred

Applied to milk, and to نَبِيذ [must and the like]: strong. Or, applied to milk: displeasing, or odious, in taste, and sour; and applied to must: strong and sour.

And applied to vinegar: altered, or corrupted, in flavour from having been left long; also مُبَسَّلٌ. Az, in art. حذق.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferred

Applied to a day: distressing, afflictive, or calamitous.

Show Lane's original text

Courageous, or strong-hearted, on the occasion of war, or fight; (S, M, Msb, K;) because he who is so defends himself from his antagonist; (Ham p. 13, and Bd in vi. 69;) as also بَسِيلٌ (Msb) and بَسُولٌ : (Ham ubi suprà:) pl. of the first بُسْلٌ (S, M, K) and بُسَلَآءُ . (M, K.) Frowning, contracting the face, or looking sternly or austerely or morosely; or doing so with grinning, or displaying the teeth; or contracting the part between the eyes; by reason of courage, or of anger; (M, K;) as also بَسْلٌ , (M, TA,) in the K بَسِلٌ , but this is incorrect, (TA,) and بَسِيلٌ : (M, K:) and بَاسِرٌ بَاسِلٌ frowning, &c., much, or vehemently; applied to the face: (TA:) and بَسْلٌ (IAar, K) and بَسِيلٌ (IAar, S, K) displeasing, or odious, (IAar, S, K,) in face, (IAar, S,) or aspect. (K.) The lion; (M, K;) because of his displeasing, or odious, aspect; (M;) or because his prey does not escape from him; (Bd in vi. 69;) as also بَسُولٌ (TA) and مُتَبَسِّلٌ . (K.) Applied to a saying, Hard, or severe, and displeasing, or odious. (M, K.) Applied to milk, and to نَبِيذ [or must &c.] Strong: (K:) or, applied to the former, displeasing, or odious, in taste, and sour; and applied to the latter, strong and sour. (M, TA.) And, applied to vinegar, Altered, or corrupted, in flavour, from having been left long; as also مُبَسَّلٌ (Az in art. حذق , TA.) Applied to a day, Distressing, afflictive, or calamitous. (M, TA.)

Nounمُبَسَّلٌ1 sense

Core sense — made an object of dislike, disliked, hatedgenerated

See بَاسِلٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَاسِلٌ .

Nounمُتَبِسِّلٌ1 sense

Core sense — frowning, stern in aspect; affecting courage in fightgenerated

See بَاسِلٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see بَاسِلٌ .

Nounمُسْتَبْسِلٌ1 sense

Core sense — one who resigns himself to death, or to being beatengenerated

Disposing and subjecting one's mind, or oneself, to death, or to being beaten. [See also its verb.]

Or, as some say: falling into a displeasing, odious, or evil case from which there is no escape.

Show Lane's original text

Disposing and subjecting one's mind, or oneself, to death, or to being beaten: (S: [see also its verb:]) or, as some say, falling into a displeasing, an odious, or an evil, case, from which there is no escape. (TA.)