افك

Form 1 · Form 2 · Form 4 · Form 8 · 15 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 30

Form 1أَفَكَهُ6 senses · 1 main

muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarأَفْكٌ إِفْكٌ

Core sense — he turned him away, or back; he changed his state; he liedgenerated

1.1he turned him, or it, away, or back, from the thing—عَنِ الشَّىْءِ

He changed his, or its, manner of being, or state., with fet-h, its only form [in the CK اِفْك].

he turned him, or it, away, or back, from his, or its, mode, or manner, of being—عَنْ وَجْهِهِ

Have you come to us to turn us away, or back, from our gods?—أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا

he was turned from his judgment, or opinion, by deceit, or guile—أُفِكَ

He will be turned away from it, namely the truth, who is turned away in the foreknowledge of God—يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ

So in the Kur 46:21.

Or he turned him away, or back, by lying; or he changed, or perverted, his judgment, or opinion; or he deceived him, or beguiled him, and so turned him away; or simply he deceived him, or beguiled him.

Said in the Kur 51:9. According to Mujáhid, يُؤْفَنُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِنَ [he will be weak in intellect and judgment so as to be turned away from it who is weak in intellect and judgment].

The man was turned away, or back, from good, or prosperity—أُفِكَ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ الخَيْرِ

He forbade him what he wished, and turned him away, or back, from it—أَفَكَهُ

Qur’ān 46:22 matched to Lane’s own quotation of it Lane cites “Kur xlvi. 21”

Qur’ān 46:22 Lane quotes this verse

قَالُوٓا۟ أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ ءَالِهَتِنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَآ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

They said: "Hast thou come in order to turn us aside from our gods? Then bring upon us the (calamity) with which thou dost threaten us, if thou art telling the truth?"Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

1.1.1he lied, he uttered a falsehood, he said what was untrue—أَفَكَ

he lied, he uttered a falsehood, he said what was untrue—أَفِكَ

maṣdar إِفْكٌ, أَفْكٌ, أَفَكٌ, and أُفُوكٌ.

he lied, he uttered a falsehood, he said what was untrue—أفّك

Maṣdar تَأْفِيكٌ.

on this sense A lie is so called because it is a saying that is turned from its proper way.

Lane cites “Bd in xxiv. 11” — a commentary, not the verse; no modern number is given

1.1.2he told the people what was false—أَفَكَ النَّاسَ

أَفَكَ and أَفَكْتُهُ are like كَذَبَ and كَذَبْتُهُ.

1.1.3he, or it, made such a one to lie, or say what was untrue—أَفَكَ فُلَانًا

or the verb is آفَكَ, as in the printed edition of Bd, 46:27.

1.1.4he was weak [as though perverted] in his intellect and judgment or opinion—أُفِكَ

But أَفَكَهُ ٱللّٰهُ, meaning God made his intellect weak, is not used.

1.1.5figurative · مجاز

Said of a place: it was not rained upon, and had no vegetation, or herbage.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1 5 shown of 15

7:117

وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنْ أَلْقِ عَصَاكَ ۖ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَلْقَفُ مَا يَأْفِكُونَ

We put it into Moses's mind by inspiration: "Throw (now) thy rod": and behold! it swallows up straight away all the falsehoods which they fake!

26:45

فَأَلْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَلْقَفُ مَا يَأْفِكُونَ

Then Moses threw his rod, when, behold, it straightway swallows up all the falsehoods which they fake!

40:63

كَذَٰلِكَ يُؤْفَكُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَانُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ

Thus are deluded those who are wont to reject the Signs of Allah.

43:87

وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ ٱللَّهُ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ

If thou ask them, who created them, they will certainly say, Allah: How then are they deluded away (from the Truth)?

51:9

يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ

Through which are deluded (away from the Truth) such as would be deluded.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

, aor. اَفِكَ , inf. n. أَفْكٌ , (with fet-h, S, TA, its only form, TA, [in the CK اِفْك ,]) He changed his, or its, manner of being, or state; (S, K;) and he turned him, or it, (i. e., anything, Msb,) away, or back; (S, Msb, K;) عَنِ الشَّىْءِ [from the thing]; (S;) or عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [from his, or its, mode, or manner, of being, &c.]: (Msb:) so in the Kur xlvi. 21, أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا Hast thou come to us to turn us away, or back, from our gods? (Bd:) or he turned him away, or back, by lying: (TA:) or he changed, or perverted, his judgment, or opinion: (K:) or he deceived him, or beguiled him, and so turned him away, or back: and simply he deceived him, or beguiled him: and أُفِكَ signifies he was turned from his judgment, or opinion, by deceit, or guile. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [li. 9], يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ , i. e., He will be turned away from it (namely, the truth,) who is turned away in the foreknowledge of God: (TA:) or, accord. to Mujáhid, يُؤْفَنُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِنَ [he will be weak in intellect and judgment so as to be thereby turned away from it who is weak in intellect and judgment]. (S, TA.) You say also, أُفِكَ الرَّجُلُ عَنِ الخَيْرِ The man was turned away, or back, from good, or prosperity. (Sh.) And أَفَكَهُ , (K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He forbade him what he wished, (K, TA,) and turned him away, or back, from it. (TA.) أَفَكَ , aor. اَفِكَ ; (Msb, K;) and أَفِكَ , aor. اَفَكَ ; (IAar, K;) inf. n. إِفْكٌ (Msb, K) and أَفْكٌ and أَفَكٌ and أُفُوكٌ ; (K;) He lied; uttered a falsehood; said what was untrue; (Msb, K;) as also أفّك , (K,) inf. n. تَأْفِيكٌ : (TA:) because a lie is a saying that is turned from its proper way, or mode. (Bd in xxiv. 11.) أَفَكَ النَّاسَ , aor. اَفِكَ , inf. n. أَفْكٌ , He told the people what was false; أَفَكَ and أَفَكْتُهُ being like كَذَبَ and كَذَبْتُهُ . (Az, TA.) أَفَكَ فُلَانًا , (K,) inf. n. أَفْكٌ ; (TA;) or the verb is آفَكَ ; (so in the printed edition of Bd, xlvi. 27;) He, or it, made such a one to lie, or say what was untrue. (K.) أُفِكَ He was weak [as though perverted] in his intellect and judgment or opinion. (K,* TA.) But أَفَكَهُ ٱللّٰهُ as meaning God rendered weak his intellect is not used. (L, TA.) It (a place) was not rained upon, and had no vegetation, or herbage. (K, TA.)

Form 2اَفَّكَ1 sense

Core sense — he lied, he uttered a falsehoodgenerated

2.1

See form 1.

Show Lane's original text

see 1.

Form 4آفَكَ1 sense

Core sense — he made him lie, he made him say what was untruegenerated

4.1

See form 1.

Show Lane's original text

see 1.

Form 8ٱئْتَفَكَتِ البَلْدَةُ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — it was overturned, or subverted, with its inhabitantsgenerated

8.1the land, or district, or town, was, or became, overturned, or subverted, with its inhabitants—بِأَهْلِهَا

Written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَفَكَت.

As were the towns of the people of Lot.

8.1.1figurative · مجازit has been submerged with its inhabitants twice, as though subverted—قَدِ ٱئْتَفَكَتْ بِأَهْلِهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ

Said of El-Basrah.

8.1.2figurative · مجازthat land has been burnt up by drought—اِيتَفَكَتْ تِلْكَ الأَرْضُ

Show Lane's original text

[written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَفَكَت ], (S, K,) بِأَهْلِهَا , (S,) The land, or district, or the town, or the like, was, or became, overturned, or subverted, (S, K,) with its inhabitants: (S:) as were the towns of the people of Lot. (TA.) Hence it is said of El-Basrah, قَدِ ٱئْتَفَكَتْ بِأَهْلِهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ , meaning It has been submerged with its inhabitants twice; as though subverted. (Sh.) You say also, اِيتَفَكَتْ تِلْكَ الأَرْضُ That land has been burnt up by drought. (IAar.)

Derived nouns 11

Nounإِفْكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a lie, a falsehoodgenerated

1O the lie!—يَا لَلْأَفِيكَةِ

[A maṣdar used as a noun.] A lie, a falsehood; also أَفِيكَةٌ, plural أَفَائِكُ.

O the lie!—يَا لِلْأَفِيكَةِ

O the great lie!—لَلْأَفَيِّكَةِ

The diminutive form here serves to enhance the meaning.

The ل with fet-h denotes calling for aid; with kesr it denotes wonder, as though the meaning were: O man, wonder at this great lie.

Qur’ānic occurrences إِفْك 1 shown of 9

37:86

أَئِفْكًا ءَالِهَةً دُونَ ٱللَّهِ تُرِيدُونَ

"Is it a falsehood- gods other than Allah- that ye desire?

Show Lane's original text

[an inf. n. used as a subst.;] A lie; a falsehood; (S, TA;) as also أَفِيكَةٌ : pl. (of the latter, K) أَفَائِكُ . (S, K.) You say, يَا لَلْأَفِيكَةِ , and يَا لِلْأَفِيكَةِ ; [and لَلْأَفَيِّكَةِ , using the dim. form for the purpose of enhancement; i. e. O the lie! and O the great lie!] the ل with fet-h denoting calling to aid; and with kesr denoting wonder, as though the meaning were, O man, wonder thou at this great lie. (TA.)

Nounافكة1 sense

Core sense — a punishment from God that overturns a people's dwellingsgenerated

Written so in the TA, without vowel signs; apparently either أَفْكَةٌ, an ism waḥda, or آفِكَةٌ, like دَاهِيَةٌ.

A punishment sent by God, by which the dwellings of a people are overturned.

It occurs in a tradition relating to the story of the people of Lot.

Show Lane's original text

[so in the TA, without any syll. signs; app. either أَفْكَةٌ , an inf. n. of un., or آفِكَةٌ , like دَاهِيَةٌ ;] A punishment sent by God, whereby the dwellings of a people are overturned: occurring in a trad. relating to the story of the people of Lot. (TA.)

Nounسَنَةٌ أَفِكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a year of drought, or sterilitygenerated

1figurative · مجاز

A year of drought or sterility.

Plural أَوَافِكُ [contrary to rule, as though the singular were آفِكَةٌ].

Show Lane's original text

A year of drought or sterility: (K, TA:) pl. أَوَافِكُ [contr. to rule, as though the sing. were آفِكَةٌ ]. (Z, TA.)

Nounأَفُوكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a great, or habitual, liargenerated

See أَفَّاكٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَفَّاكٌ .

Nounأَفِيكٌ3 senses · 2 main

Core sense — one turned from his judgment by deceit; lacking strengthgenerated

One who is turned from his judgment, or opinion, by deceit, or guile; also مَأْفُوكٌ.

1.1

Lacking strength, power, or ability, and having little prudence and artifice.

See also أَفَّاكٌ.

Show Lane's original text

One who is turned from his judgment, or opinion, by deceit, or guile; as also مَأْفُوكٌ . (K.) Lacking strength or power or ability, and having little prudence and artifice. (Lth, K.) See also أَفَّاكٌ .

Nounأُفَيِّكَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a great lie; a severe, or distressing, calamitygenerated

See إِفْكٌ, in three places.

1.1

Ibn-Abbád: a severe, or distressing, calamity.

Show Lane's original text

: see إِفْكٌ , in three places. Also A severe, or distressing, calamity. (Ibn-Abbád.)

Nounأُفَيِّكَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — a great liegenerated

See إِفْكٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see إِفْكٌ .

Nounأَفَّاكٌ1 sense

Core sense — a great, or habitual, liargenerated

A great, or habitual, liar; also أَفُوكُ and أَفِيكٌ.

The feminine of the headword and of the second of these is formed with ة, but the first of them is both masculine and feminine.

The plural of the first of them is افك, with damm [i.e. أُفْكٌ according to the rule of the K, but the TA seems to indicate that it is أُفُكٌ, by likening it to the plural of صَبُورٌ].

Qur’ānic occurrences أَفَّاك 1 shown of 2

45:7

وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ

Woe to each sinful dealer in Falsehoods:

Show Lane's original text

A great, or habitual, liar; (S, Msb, K;) as also أَفُوكُ , (Msb, K,) and أَفِيكٌ : (K:) fem. of the first [and last] with ة : but the second is both masc. and fem.: (Msb:) the pl. of the second is افك with damm [i. e. أُفْكٌ , accord. to the rule of the K, but the TA seems to indicate that it is أُفُكٌ , by likening it to the pl. of صَبُورٌ ]. (K.)

Nounآفِكَةٌ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — a year of drought, or sterilitygenerated

See افكة.

1.1

And see سَنَةٌ أَفِكةٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see افكة : and see سَنَةٌ أَفِكةٌ .

Nounأَفِيكٌ3 senses · 1 main

Core sense — changed in state, turned away; weak in intellect; not rained upongenerated

[Changed in his, or its, manner of being, or state: turned away, or back, from a thing, and the like.] See مَأْفُونٌ.

1.1

Weak [as though perverted] in his intellect and judgment or opinion; also ة.

A'Obeyd: a man who does not attain, or obtain, good, or prosperity.

1.2figurative · مجازa place, or land, not rained upon, and having no vegetation, or herbage—أَرْضٌ

The feminine is formed with مَأْفُونٌ.

Show Lane's original text

[Changed in his, or its, manner of being, or state: turned away, or back, from a thing: &c.]: see مَأْفُونٌ . Weak [as though perverted] in his intellect (AZ, S, K) and judgment or opinion; as also ة : (AZ, S:) accord. to A'Obeyd, (or AA, as in one copy of the S,) a man who does not attain, or obtain, good, or prosperity. (S.) Also, (K,) fem. with مَأْفُونٌ , (S, K,) A place, (K,) or land, ( أَرْضٌ , S, Z,) not rained upon, and having no vegetation, or herbage. (S, Z, K.)

Nounالمُؤْتَفِكَاتُ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — the cities overthrown upon the people of Lot; winds that turn over the groundgenerated

1the cities overthrown, or subverted, by God, upon the people of Lot—المُوْتَفِكَةٌ

Both words occur in the Kur, the headword in 9:71 and 69:9, and the other in 53:54.

1.1

The headword also means the winds that turn over [the surface of] the earth, or ground; or the winds that blow from different quarters.

The Arabs say that when these winds blow much, the earth (that is, its seed-produce) thrives, or yields increase.

Show Lane's original text

(S, K) and المُوْتَفِكَةٌ , (TA,) both occurring in the Kur, [the former in ix. 71 and lxix. 9, and the latter in liii. 54,] The cities overthrown, or subverted, by God, upon the people of Lot. (S, K.) The former also signifies The winds that turn over [the surface of] the earth, or ground: (K:) or the winds that blow from different quarters: it is said (by the Arabs, S) that when these winds blow much, the earth (i. e. its seed-produce, TA) thrives, or yields increase. (S, K, TA.)