اسف

Form 1 · Form 4 · Form 5 · 12 entries · Qur'ānic frequency 5

Form 1أَسِفَ1 sense

muḍāriʿـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarأَسَفٌ

Core sense — he grieved, or regretted; he was angrygenerated

1.1he grieved, or regretted, most intensely, what had escaped him—أَسِفَ عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُ

He grieved, lamented, or regretted; and he was angry: or he grieved exceedingly, and was exceedingly angry: or he grieved most intensely.

Some say that أَسَفٌ means grieving for a thing that has escaped, and not in an absolute sense.

Er-Rāghib: it properly means the rising, or swelling, of the blood of the heart from desire of vengeance; when this is against an inferior it is anger, but when against a superior it is grief.

Mohammad, being asked about sudden death, said رَاحَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ وَأَخْذَةُ أَسَفٍ لِلْكَافِرِ, or, according to one recital, أَسِفٍ, i.e. [Rest, or ease, to the believer, and an act of punishment] of anger [to the unbeliever], or of one who is angry.

he grieved, or regretted, most intensely, what had escaped him—تأسّف

he was angry with him, or at it—أَسِفَ عَلَيْهِ

such a one grieved for such and such things which had escaped him—أَسِفَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا

such a one grieved for such and such things which had escaped him—تأسّف

in grief—أَسَفًا

With the same maṣdar as above.

Or, according to others: grieved, or lamented, most intensely.

In the Qur'ān 18:5. Ed-Dahhák: جَزَعًا [i.e. In grief, or in most violent grief, etc.]; according to Katádeh, in anger.

O my grief for Joseph—يَا أَسَفَا عَلَى يُوسُفِ

In the Qur'ān 12:84; it means يَا جَزَعَاهُ [or: O my most violent grief].

Qur’ān 18:7 approximate — somewhere between 18:1 and 18:42 Lane cites “Kur xviii. 5”

Qur’ān 18:6 located by this root inside the range Lane’s citation allows

فَلَعَلَّكَ بَـٰخِعٌ نَّفْسَكَ عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَـٰرِهِمْ إِن لَّمْ يُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِهَـٰذَا ٱلْحَدِيثِ أَسَفًا

Thou wouldst only, perchance, fret thyself to death, following after them, in grief, if they believe not in this Message.Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)

Show Lane's original text

, aor. اَسَفَ , inf. n. أَسَفٌ , (M, Msb, K,) He grieved, lamented, or regretted: and he was angry: (Msb:) or he grieved exceedingly: and he was exceedingly angry: (M:) or he grieved most intensely: (K:) some say that أَسَفٌ signifies the grieving for a thing that has escaped; not in an absolute sense: (MF:) or it properly signifies the rising, or swelling, or mantling, of the blood of the heart, from desire of vengeance; and when this is against an inferior, it is anger; but when against a superior, it is grief. (Er-Rághib.) Mo- hammad, being asked respecting sudden death, answered, saying, رَاحَةٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ وَأَخْذَةُ أَسَفٍ لِلْكَافِرِ , or accord. to one recital, أَسِفٍ , i. e. [Rest, or ease, to the believer, and an act of punishment] of anger [to the unbeliever], or of one who is angry. (K.) You say, أَسِفَ عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُ , inf. n. as above; (S;) and تأسّف ; (S, M, * K; *) He grieved, or lamented, for, or at, or regretted, most intensely, what had escaped him: (S, M, * K:) and أَسِفَ عَلَيْهِ , (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) he was angry with him, or at it: (S, K:) or أَسِفَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا and تأسّف , signify, accord. to some, such a one grieved, or lamented, for, or at, such and such things which had escaped him: or, accord. to others, grieved, or lamented, most intensely. (IAmb.) أَسَفًا in the Kur xviii. 5 means, accord. to Ed-Dahhák, جَزَعًا [i.e. In grief, or in most violent grief, &c.]: or, accord. to Katádeh, in anger. (TA.) And يَا أَسَفَا عَلَى يُوسُفِ , in the Kur [xii. 84], means يَا جَزَعَاهُ [O my grief for Joseph: or O my most violent grief]. (TA.)

Form 4آسفهُ1 sense

Core sense — he angered him; he grieved himgenerated

4.1

He angered him, made him angry; and he grieved him, made him grieve.

In [some of] the copies of the K written erroneously as أَسَفَهُ.

Qur’ānic occurrences Form 4

43:55

فَلَمَّآ ءَاسَفُونَا ٱنتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَغْرَقْنَـٰهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ

When at length they provoked Us, We exacted retribution from them, and We drowned them all.

Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.

Show Lane's original text

(in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, أَسَفَهُ , TA) He angered him; made him angry: (S, M, * O, L, Msb, K:) and he grieved him; made him to grieve, or lament. (M,* TA.)

Form 5تَاَسَّفَ2 senses · 1 main

Core sense — he grieved, or regrettedgenerated

5.1

Same as form 1; see it, in two places.

5.1.1figurative · مجازthe same as تَشَعَّثَتْ—تَأَسَّفَتْ يَدَهُ

[Apparently meaning: his hand became bruised, or mangled; or became cracked, or chapped.]

Show Lane's original text

see 1, in two places. تَأَسَّفَتْ يَدَهُ i. q. تَشَعَّثَتْ [app. meaning His hand became bruised, or mangled; or became cracked, or chapped]. (M, TA.)

Derived nouns 9

Nounأَسَفٌ1 sense

Core sense — grief, regret; angergenerated

Maṣdar of form 1, which see throughout.

[Used as a substantive, the same as أَسَافةٌ.]

Show Lane's original text

inf. n. of 1, which see throughout. [Used as a subst., i. q. أَسَافةٌ .]

Nounأَسِفٌ1 sense

Core sense — angry, or exceedingly angrygenerated

1angry, or exceedingly angry—اسِفٌ

angry, or exceedingly angry—أَسْفَانُ

angry, or exceedingly angry—أَسِيفٌ

angry, or exceedingly angry—أَسُوفٌ

For an example of the headword, see form 1.

See also أَسِيفٌ, in two places.

Qur’ānic occurrences أَسِف 1 shown of 2

20:86

فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِۦ غَضْبَـٰنَ أَسِفًا ۚ قَالَ يَـٰقَوْمِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ وَعْدًا حَسَنًا ۚ أَفَطَالَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْعَهْدُ أَمْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن يَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُم مَّوْعِدِى

So Moses returned to his people in a state of indignation and sorrow. He said: "O my people! did not your Lord make a handsome promise to you? Did then the promise seem to you long (in coming)? Or did ye desire that Wrath should descend from your Lord on you, and so ye broke your promise to me?"

Show Lane's original text

(M, Mgh, Msb) and اسِفٌ and أَسْفَانُ and أَسِيفٌ (M, TA) and أَسُوفٌ (M) Angry: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) or exceedingly angry. (M.) For an ex. of the first, see 1. See also أَسِيفٌ , in two places.

Nounأَسْفَانُ1 sense

Core sense — grieving exceedingly; angrygenerated

See أَسِفٌ and أَسِيفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَسِفٌ : and أَسِيفٌ .

Nounإِسَافٌ1 sense

Core sense — a certain idol of Kureysh, set up upon Es-Safàgenerated

1a certain idol, belonging to Kureysh—أَسَافٌ

another such idol of Kureysh—نَائِلَةُ

The former was placed by 'Amr Ibn-Loheí upon Es-Safà, and the latter upon El-Marweh; and he used to sacrifice to them in front of the Kaabeh.

Or, as some assert, these two were two persons of Jurhum, a man and a woman, اساف the son of 'Amr and نائلة the daughter of Sahl, who committed fornication in the Kaabeh and were therefore changed into two stones, which Kureysh afterwards worshipped.

on this sense [Other accounts of them are also given, differing slightly from the one just mentioned.]

Show Lane's original text

(S, M, Sgh, &c.) and أَسَافٌ (IAth, K) A certain idol, (S, M, K,) belonging to Kureysh, (S, M,) as was also نَائِلَةُ ; (S;) the former of which was placed, by 'Amr Ibn-Loheí, upon Es-Safà, and the latter upon El-Marweh; and he used to sacrifice to them, in front of the Kaabeh: (S, K:) or, (S, M, K,) as some assert, (S,) these two were two persons of Jurhum, (S, K,) a man and a woman, (M,) اساف the son of 'Amr, and نائلة the daughter of Sahl, (S, K,) who committed fornication in the Kaabeh, and were therefore changed into two stones, (S, M, K,) which Kureysh afterwards worshipped. (S, K.) [Other accounts of them are also given, slightly differing from the latter above.]

Nounأَسُوفٌ1 sense

Core sense — quickly affected with grief, tender-heartedgenerated

See أَسِيفٌ, in two places, and see أَسِفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَسِيفٌ , in two places: and see أَسِفٌ .

Nounأَسِيفٌ6 senses · 1 main

Core sense — grieving most intensely, tender-hearted; a slave, or hired man; a captive; barren landgenerated

Grieving, lamenting, or regretting, most intensely, on account of a thing that has escaped; and quickly affected with grief, and tender-hearted; as also أَسُوفٌ.

Or, as also أَسُوفٌ, أَسْفَانُ, آسِفٌ and أَسِفٌ: grieving exceedingly; or grieved.

Sometimes the headword means angry, and at the same time grieving, or lamenting.

Plural أُسَفَآءُ.

See also أَسِفٌ.

1.1

A slave; and a hired man: because of their state of abasement and subjection.

Feminine with ة; plural as above.

1.2

A captive.

1.3

A very old man; plural as above.

So in a tradition, in which the slaying of such a man is forbidden.

1.4

One who scarcely, or never, becomes fat.

1.5figurative · مجاز — inferredthin, or shallow, earth—أَسَافَةٌ

A region, or country, that gives growth to nothing and produces no vegetation; as also أَسِيفَةٌ, أُسَافَةٌ and أَسَافَةٌ.

thin, or shallow, earth, which scarcely, or never, produces vegetation—أَرْضٌ أَسِيفَةٌ

Or which is not commended for its vegetation.

thin, or shallow, earth—أُسَافَةٌ

thin, or shallow, earth—أَسَافَةٌ

Or such as does not produce vegetation.

land which scarcely, or never, produces vegetation—أَرْضٌ أَسِفَةٌ

Show Lane's original text

Grieving, lamenting, or regretting, (K, * TA,) most intensely, on account of a thing that has escaped: (M, TA:) and quickly affected with grief, (S, Mgh, K,) and tender-hearted; as also أَسُوفٌ : (S, K:) or, as also أَسُوفٌ (M) and أَسْفَانُ and آسِفٌ (M, TA) and أَسِفٌ , (M,) grieving exceedingly: (M:) or grieved: (TA:) and sometimes the first signifies angry, and at the same time grieving, or lamenting: (S:) pl. أُسَفَآءُ . (M.) See also أَسِفٌ . A slave: (ISk, S, M, K:) and a hired man: (ISk, M, K:) because of their state of abasement and subjection: fem. with ة : (M:) and pl. as above. (S, M.) A captive. (TA.) A very old man: (K:) pl. as above: so in a trad., in which the slaying of such is forbidden. (TA.) One who scarcely, or never, becomes fat. (K.) A region, or country, that does not give growth to anything, or produce any vegetation; as also أَسِيفَةٌ and أُسَافَةٌ and أَسَافَةٌ : (M:) and أَسَافَةٌ also signifies thin, or shallow, earth: (AHn, M:) and أَرْضٌ أَسِيفَةٌ , thin, or shallow, earth, which scarcely, or never, gives growth to anything, or produces any vegetation: (S:) or which is not commended for its vegetation: (A, TA:) or, as also أُسَافَةٌ and أَسَافَةٌ , thin, or shallow, earth: or such as does not produce vegetation: and ↓ أَرْضٌ أَسِفَةٌ land which scarcely, or never, produces vegetation. (K.)

Nounأَسَافَةٌ4 senses · 2 main

Core sense — excessive grief; excessive anger; the state of a slavegenerated

[Grief, lamentation, or regret; and anger: (see form 1:) or] excessive grief; and excessive anger; or most intense grief.

A substantive from أَسِفَ.

1.1

The state, or condition, of a slave; and of a hired man.

1.2figurative · مجاز

The state, or condition, of land which scarcely, or never, produces vegetation.

See أَسِيفٌ, in three places.

Show Lane's original text

[Grief, lamentation, or regret: and anger: (see 1:) or] excessive grief: and excessive anger: (M:) or most intense grief: (K:) a subst. from أَسِفَ . (M, K.) The state, or condition, of a slave: (M, K:) and, of a hired man. (M.) The state, or condition, of land which scarcely, or never, produces vegetation. (K, TA.) See أَسِيفٌ , in three places.

Nounأَسَافَةٌ1 sense

Core sense — excessive grief; excessive angergenerated

See أَسِيفٌ, in two places.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَسِيفٌ , in two places.

Nounآسِفٌ1 sense

Core sense — angry; grievinggenerated

See أَسِيفٌ and أَسِفٌ.

Show Lane's original text

: see أَسِيفٌ : and أَسِفٌ .