muḍāriʿـِيَفْعِلُ·ـُيَفْعُلُ·ـَيَفْعَلُmaṣdarإِبَاقٌ
Core sense — he (a slave) ran away from his master; he hid himselfgenerated
1.1he (a slave) hid himself, and then went away—تأبّق
which is the most common form, and اَبُقَ and اَبَقَ — so in the copies of the K, in the place of اَبُقَ — and أَبِقَ.
Maṣdars إِبَاقٌ, أَبْقٌ, and أَبَقٌ; or the first of these is a simple noun and the second and third are the maṣdars.
He (a slave) ran away, or fled, from his master, without being made to do so by fear or by severity of work: the meaning is restricted in this way in the 'Eyn. In this case the law ordains that the slave shall be restored; but if the act arises from severity of work or from fear, he is not to be restored. In the Kur 37:140 it is said of Jonas, because he fled from his people without the permission of his Lord; and it is also said, figuratively, of a fish.
Or it means simply: he hid himself; or he confined, restrained, or withheld, himself; or it has both of these last two meanings; and he abstained from a thing, such as a sin or crime.
A poet says, namely 'Ámir Ibn-Kaab, or 'Ámán Ibn-Kaab, or, as some say, Ghámán: [Now surely Baháni said, and she did not hide herself, or did not restrain herself, You have grown old, and enjoyment does not suit you]
shāhidأَلَا قَالَتْ بَهَانِ وَ لَمْ تَأَبَّقْكَبِرْتَ وَلَا يَلِيقُ بِكَ النَّعِيمُ
Or: she did not hide her mind, but spoke openly; or she did not go far [from the person she addressed, or from the truth] — so says AZ, taking it from إِبَاقٌ as said of a slave; or she did not abstain from her speech, as from a sin or crime; or she did not disdain, or scorn.
AHát says that he asked As about تأبّق, and he answered that he did not know it.
Qur’ān 37:140 approximate — somewhere between 37:107 and 37:182 Lane cites “Kur xxxvii. 140”
Qur’ān 37:140 the verse Lane’s citation points to, and it uses this root
إِذْ أَبَقَ إِلَى ٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلْمَشْحُونِWhen he ran away (like a slave from captivity) to the ship (fully) laden,Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur’ān (1934)
Qur’ānic occurrences Form 1
37:140
إِذْ أَبَقَ إِلَى ٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلْمَشْحُونِWhen he ran away (like a slave from captivity) to the ship (fully) laden,
Occurrences of this form in the Qur’ān, not Lane’s choice of verse. They show the word in use; they do not say which sense above applies. Where more occur than are shown, the shortest āyāt are chosen.
Show Lane's original text
, aor. اَبِقَ , (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) which is the most common form, (Msb,) and اَبُقَ , (S, TS, Mgh, Msb,) and اَبَقَ , (K,) so in the copies of the K in the place of اَبُقَ ; (TA;) and أَبِقَ , aor. اَبَقَ ; (IDrd, Msb, K;) inf. n. إِبَاقٌ (S, Mgh, Msb) and أَبْقٌ and أَبَقٌ , (K,) or the first of these is a simple subst., and the second and third are the inf. ns.; (Msb;) He (a slave) ran away, or fled, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) or went away, (K,) from his master, (T, Msb,) without [being induced to do so by] fear, or severity of work: (Msb, K:) thus the signification is restricted in the 'Eyn: (Msb:) and in this case, the law ordains that the slave shall be restored; but if the act arise from severity of work or from fear, he is not to be restored: (Lth, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 140, it is said of Jonas, (T, Bd,) because he fled from his people without the permission of his Lord: (Bd:) and it is also, tropically, said of a fish: (Mgh:) or he (a slave) hid himself, and then went away: (M, K:) as also تأبّق : (M:) or this signifies, simply, he hid, or concealed, himself: or he confined, restricted, limited, restrained, or withheld, himself: (S, K:) or it has both of the last two significations: (Sgh:) and he abstained from a thing, as from a sin, or crime. (IAar, K *.) A poet says, (S,) namely, 'Ámir Ibn—Kaab, (AZ,) or 'Ámán Ibn-Kaab, or, as some say, Ghámán, (AA,) 1 [Now surely Baháni said, and she did not hide herself, or did not restrain herself, Thou hast grown old, and enjoyment doth not befit thee]: (S:) or she did not hide herself [or her mind], but said openly: (TA:) or she did not go far [from the person whom she addressed, or from the truth]; so says AZ, taking it from إِبَاقٌ as relating to a slave: (TA:) or she did not abstain from her speech, as from a sin, or crime: (IAar:) or she did not disdain, or scorn. (TA.) AHát says that he asked As respecting ↓ تأبّق , and he answered that he knew it not. (TA.) أَلَا قَالَتْ بَهَانِ وَ لَمْ تَأَبَّقْ | كَبِرْتَ وَلَا يَلِيقُ بِكَ النَّعِيمُ